Age of exploration

Age of Exploration

7-1.1 TSWBAT Use a map or series of maps to identify the colonial

expansion of European powers in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the

Americas through 1770. (G, H, P)

PLACES TO KNOW

• Africa

• Asia

• Oceania

• India

• North America

• South America

• Western Africa

Age of Exploration – Early 15th to 17th century when European sailors explored many parts of the world, especially North America. Explorers were in search for gold, silver and spices

Global Age –

a time when all civilizations can be in contact with the others around the world. Beginning around 1400.

explorers -a person who travels in search of geographical or scientific information

Compass – a device for determining directions by

means of a magnetic needle or group of needles turning freely on a pivot and pointing to the magnetic north.

missionaries - a person undertaking a mission and especially a religious mission

Astrolabe - a compact instrument used to observe and calculate the position of celestial bodies before the invention of the sextant

sea route - route taken by sea by explorers

trade -dealings between persons or groups b (1) : the business of buying and selling or bartering commodities

trade route - route taken to trade with other countries

Cargo –

the goods or merchandise conveyed in a ship, airplane, or vehicles.

CircumnavigateCircumnavigate

To To circumnavigatecircumnavigate a a place, such as an place, such as an island, a continent, island, a continent, or the Earth, is to or the Earth, is to travel all the way travel all the way around it by boat around it by boat or ship. or ship.

ArmadaArmada a word of Spanish a word of Spanish

origin similar to origin similar to navynavy or or fleetfleet

Remember the Remember the Spanish Armada of Spanish Armada of 1588?1588?

ConquistadorConquistador

one of the Spanish one of the Spanish soldiers, explorers, soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who and adventurers who took part in the took part in the conquest of large conquest of large parts of the Americas parts of the Americas and Asia, bringing and Asia, bringing them under Spanish them under Spanish colonial rule between colonial rule between the 15th and 19th the 15th and 19th centuries. centuries.

In the 1400’s In the 1400’s Europeans Europeans began to began to

sail across sail across the globe.the globe.

Where is Europe?

Guided Practice

We have gone over all the important vocabulary for our unit. You are now to put each word into a sentence or draw a cartoon. If you want to write a sentence for a few and draw a cartoon for a few that is fine also. Have fun!

Why Explore????????Why Explore????????A. Crusades and journeys of Marco Polo exposed Europeans to new technologies, products, and culture

1. Spices=nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger, pepper2. Silk3. Opium=medicinal and “recreational” use

The OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Europeans couldn’t travel across land because the

OTTOMAN EMPIRE would attack them.

THE PORTUGUESEFIRST to

explore the western coast of AFRICA!

Looked for a route around Africa to ASIA.

Lets look for a new way to get to ASIA!

We’ll travel the coast around

AFRICA!

• In the 1400’s _____________ began sailing across the globe.

• Europeans wanted Silks and Spices from _______________.

• Europeans sailed around Africa to avoid ___________________________.

• What country was the first to go around Africa?

II. ExplorationA. Europeans difficult time traveling east

B. Problems with Ottomans Empire

7-1.1

C. No longer safe to travel

D. Still wanted products from Asia

E. Started to look for alternate route

F. Portuguese

a. Began to explore west coast of Africa

Two Main Players in Early Exploration

P

O

R

T

U

G

A

L

SPAIN

Portugal

and

Spain

B. Africa to India

C. This established major trade route

Christopher Columbus

• Italian man

• Looked WEST for

route to Asia• Was given money by

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella from SPAIN.

• Discovered land in 1492, but it wasn’t ASIA!!!

d. Dies believing he landed in India

Haiti

DominicanRepublic

Cuba

Puerto Rico

Jamaica

Hispaniola

Draw a picture showing Columbus’ trip to the new world and label Europe and the islands below.

MagellanMagellan

a.a. Searched for passage to Searched for passage to Pacific OceanPacific Ocean

b.b. Sailed through “straits of Sailed through “straits of Magellan”Magellan”

c.c. Died in Philippines Died in Philippines

d.d. Crew 1Crew 1stst to circumnavigate to circumnavigate the worldthe world

e. Magellan also named the Pacific Ocean (the name means that it is a calm, peaceful ocean).

Prince Henrya. Son of Portuguese

King

b. Dazzled by dreams of ocean exploration and East Asia

c. Established a navigation school

Ponce de LeonPonce de Leon

1.1. 11stst to land on the to land on the mainland of North mainland of North AmericaAmerica

2.2. Looking for “fountain Looking for “fountain of youth”of youth”

3.3. Sailed for SpainSailed for Spain

4.4. Established St. Established St. Augustine, FloridaAugustine, Florida

Vasco de Gamaa. First to sail around Africa to

India (27,000 mi)

b. Obtained valuable goods from India

CoronadoCoronado

a.a. Looking for Looking for fabled seven fabled seven cities of goldcities of gold

b.b. Explored Explored present-day present-day Arizona and New Arizona and New MexicoMexico

HERNANDO CORTES

• Explored MEXICO• Conquered Aztec civilization

I am a CONQUISTADOR

Hernan CortesHernan Cortesa.a. Spanish Spanish

ConquistadorConquistador

b.b. Conquered Aztec Conquered Aztec emperor Montezumaemperor Montezuma

c.c. Found goldFound gold

d.d. claimed Mexico for claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-21)Spain (1519-21)

e.e. "discovered" "discovered" Tenochtitlan, Tenochtitlan,

Read from Broken Spear.

BalboaBalboa

a.a. Spanish ExplorerSpanish Explorer

b.b. Claimed Pacific Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining Ocean and adjoining lands for Spainlands for Spain

c.c. First to cross the First to cross the Isthmus of PanamaIsthmus of Panama

PizzaroPizzaro

a.a. Conquered the Conquered the Incan EmpireIncan Empire

b.b. Sailed for SpainSailed for Spain

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci

a.a. Amerigo Amerigo VespucciVespucci

b.b. America was America was named after himnamed after him

c.c. Recruited by Recruited by SpainSpain

Atlas WorkAtlas Work

September 3September 3rdrd, 2010, 2010

Collect FQ sheetsCollect FQ sheets Start on ColonizationStart on Colonization

NEXT STEP?NEXT STEP? Set up coloniesSet up colonies Under control of Under control of

a country.a country. Ruled by the Ruled by the

“mother “mother country”country”

Colony provide Colony provide goods and profit goods and profit to the “mother to the “mother country”country”

ColonyColony

A territory under A territory under immediate control immediate control of a country.of a country.

The territory is The territory is ruled by the ruled by the “mother country”“mother country”

The territory must The territory must provide goods and provide goods and profit to the profit to the “mother country”“mother country”

COLONIES• COLONIES

BRING WEALTH AND NEW PRODUCTS HOME TO THEIR MOTHER NATIONS.

Columbian Exchange

• describes the enormous exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after 1492.

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage

• the forced transportation of African people from Africa to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade

• the middle portion of the triangular trade voyage.

Plantation• a large estate where cotton, tobacco,

coffee, sugar cane, or trees are cultivated

9/8/2010Exploration Timeline

DUE TODAY!!

A BOAT WITH SQUARE SAILS TO TRAVEL LONGER DISTANCES.

New and ACCURATE maps helped explorers find their way.

GUNPOWDERExplorers used gunpowder to protect

themselves.

They also had to hunt for food.

They make it easier to explore

And live as a colonist!

1. Political Developments

New forms of GOVERNMENT in colonial areas.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS

PEOPLE & RELIGION

Christianity Spreads to new

lands

Population grew in America

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS

MONEY

Trade Routes shifts from Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

Capitalism and Mercantilism are used to promote trade.

Increased IMPORTS

MERCANTILISMThe belief that the wealth of a nation is based on its supply of

GOLD and SILVER.

Mercantilism Mercantilism

theory of trade theory of trade

fixed amount of goldfixed amount of gold

export more than it importsexport more than it imports

accumulate bullion (gold)accumulate bullion (gold)

MercantilismMercantilism

There is a fixed There is a fixed amount of wealth in amount of wealth in the world and that in the world and that in order to receive a order to receive a larger share, one larger share, one country has to take country has to take some wealth away some wealth away from another from another country.country.

I smell competition!I smell competition!

What role did mercantilism What role did mercantilism play with the colonies?play with the colonies?

European powers aimed to colonize European powers aimed to colonize overseas lands that were rich in gold, overseas lands that were rich in gold, silver, and raw materials that could silver, and raw materials that could not be produced at home. not be produced at home.

A powerful nation sought to buy raw A powerful nation sought to buy raw materials from it’s own colonies.materials from it’s own colonies.

Mercantilism was a major factor in Mercantilism was a major factor in which of the following?which of the following?a.a. Signing military alliances for mutual Signing military alliances for mutual

protection.protection.b.b. Establishing monarchies in Europe.Establishing monarchies in Europe.c.c. Creating colonial empires.Creating colonial empires.d.d. Generating new constitutions for Generating new constitutions for

developing countries.developing countries.

What does this picture mean?What does this picture mean?

• One of the main reasons why European nations colonized new areas was because they believed in mercantilism.  This system was based on the idea that a nation made money by exporting more goods than it imported.  European nations did whatever they could to secure that.

CAPITALISMPrivate ownership of a business. The goal is to

make PROFIT!

Capitalism

• Production for a profit!

Powerful nations like Powerful nations like Britain, France, Britain, France, and Spainand Spain realized that they could realized that they could increase their exports and revenue increase their exports and revenue by by colonizingcolonizing new areas.  The new areas.  The colonized nations were forced to colonized nations were forced to import the goods of the Mother import the goods of the Mother Country, and the colonists were Country, and the colonists were heavily taxed.  heavily taxed. 

This system had positive and This system had positive and negative outcomes.  Divide into two negative outcomes.  Divide into two groups. One group consider the groups. One group consider the advantagesadvantages of colonialism, and the of colonialism, and the other should consider its other should consider its disadvantagesdisadvantages.  Each group should .  Each group should write down three legitimate points.  write down three legitimate points. 

For example: For example: Colonists can be Colonists can be taxed, thus providing new taxed, thus providing new revenue.revenue.

Political and Economic Power in the American Colonies

• 7-1.3 Be able to explain political and economic influence in the Americas during the colonial period.

• Words to Know– Trading Post Empire– Plantation Colonies– Settlement Colonies

Spain, France,

Portugal, & Great Britain

All set up

colonies in America

But what were the colonists looking for???

• GOD, GOLD, GLORY– Religious Freedom

– Money

What were the mother countries looking for?

Wanted colonies to give them gold, silver, furs, and cash crops!

September 9, 2010

FQ: What are the three types of colonies? Explain each.

September 9th, 2010

Get ready to finish up notes.

Review quiz!

Types of Colonies

• Trading Post Colony• Plantation Colony

• Settler Colony

Trading Post Colony

•Trade Items along an established trade route.

•The FRENCH established these in Canada to trade with the Native Americans.

•The FRENCH were KIND to the Native Americans.

Plantation Colony

• Large areas of land used to grow CASH CROPS

• BRITISH colonists in the south grew cotton and tobacco.

SETTLEMENT COLONY

• Settlers build a town, but are linked to their mother

country.

• BRITISH COLONIES

Advantages of Colonization

1. New colonies provide land and raw materials

2. New colonies are a market to sell finished products to.

3. Colonists can be taxed, thus providing new revenue.

Disadvantages of Colonization

1.  Forcing trade upon colonies interferes with a free market.

2.  Mercantilism only exploits the resources of the new colonies.

3.  Colonization creates tension towards the Mother Country.

Quick Quiz1. List three new technological

developments that helped Europeans travel across the globe.

2. What social changes took place due to colonial expansion.

3. If you were a colonist, what colonial development would you choose? Explain.

4. What was the exchange of goods from the New World to the Old World called?

7-1.4

• Be able to describe the characteristics of European colonial power and explain its effects on the society and culture of

African nations.

• Words to know– Slave trade

– Triangular trade– Middle Passage

– West Africa

SLAVERY

IMPORTANT FACT #1

PORTUGAL was the first European nation to have settlements in West

Africa.

Find Portugal on your map

in your notebook…

label it!

At first the Portuguese were trading spices, ivory and gold.

The Portuguese traded spices, gold, and ivory, but that eventually led to

trading slaves. Tribal leaders actually captured their enemies

and sold them to the Portuguese to trade.

Spain was the first country to trade slaves to America. The slaves were considered property. They worked on the plantations.

People preferred Africans over Native Americans because Africans were less likely to get sick from disease.

The first slaves were sent to work on sugar plantations in South America.

Middle Passage

The route slaves took from Africa to America.

Triangular Trade

Trade routes between

Europe, Africa, and America.

7-1.4

Be able to describe the characteristics of European colonial power and explain its effects on the society and culture of Asian nations.

Aftermath of Slave Trade

• 15 million Africans were enslaved.

• Taken to the Americas

Effect on African society?

• Left few African males in Africa.– How would this effect African society?

Slavery in America was outlawed in the late 1700’s. People still has slaves.

The Civil War ended Slavery in the south.

September 10, 2010

FQ: How is African society affected by slavery?

ESSAY

1. You will write an essay about the three developments that took place during colonization.

2. You need to create a mind map or graphic organizer. (MUST BE TURNED IN)

3. You will have 5 paragraphs.

a. Intro

b. Paragraph about development

c. Paragraph about development

d. Paragraph about development

e. Conclusion

4. Begin writing your essay.

ASIA

• The Portuguese set up trading posts in ASIA.

The Spice Islands

• Asia has strong leaders, so Europeans focused on the Spice Islands

• The ENGLISH and DUTCH set up colonies on these islands.

Can you find these countries on the

Map???

Because the Spice Islands had valuable products, the British and Dutch took

over!!!

Changes in Religion

• Islam and Christianity became popular in Asia instead of Buddhism. This made many leaders unhappy.

September 13th, 2010

FQ: How did colonial expansion affect our government today? Explain

REVIEW TIME!

Let’s work on our test taking skills.

$ ECONOMIC $ EXPANSION $

Be able to define capitalism, mercantilism, and market economy and to describe the spread of these.

Words To Know*Entrepreneur *Market Economy

*Capitalism *Supply

*Mercantilism *Demand

Entrepreneur

People who start their own business.

Law of Supply and Demand

You show demand when you buy a product.

Supply will increase if there is demand.

Middle Class

• Many people made money because of capitalism. They moved from the poor class to middle class.

Constitution Day

Tomorrow during class we will make out own constitution. We will look at the Constitution of the US and other countries.

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Preamble(Introductory Statement)

1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

2 Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia.

3 No quartering of soldiers.

4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.

5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy.

Bill of Rights

6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.

7 Right of trial by jury in civil cases.

8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.

9 Other rights of the people.

10 Powers reserved to the states.