Age Of Absolutism 16th – 19th Century

• 1. Age of Absolutism 16th 19th Century Civitella

2. Key Terms

• Absolute Monarchy

• • Ruler with complete authority (over people/government)

• Divine Right

• • Authority to rule came from God

3. Overview of Spanish Monarchy

• Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

• • 15 thcentury

• • Catholic

• • Brought stability and greatness to Spain

• • Oversaw Columbus expeditions

• Charles V

• • 16 thcentury

• • Grandson of Isabella & Ferdinand

• • Married 1 stcousin Isabella of Portugal

• • Ruler of Spain and Holy Roman Empire

• • Catholic

• • Gave up crown for monasterynow what ?

• • • Passes legacy onto Son Phillip

4. Overview of Spanish Monarchy continued

• Phillip II

• • Mid-late 16 thcentury

• • Catholic

• • It is best to keep an eye on everything

• • Verymethodicalandmeticulous

• • • Performed with order

• • • Extreme care to minor detail

• • Saw himself as guardian of Catholic Church

• • Relied on Inquisition to halt the Reformation

• • Expanded Spanish empire

5. 6. Spanish and The Netherlands Relations

• The Netherlands

• • Spanish territory

• • Strong Protestant representation

• • Eventually breaks away from Spanish rule & declares itself independent

• • • The Netherlands were getting help from Protestant England

• • • Spain sendsArmadato stop insurrection

• • • • Spanish navy; most powerful in all the world

• • • • 130 ships; 20,000 men; 2,400 pieces of artillery

• • • English navy + horrible storms = armada defeat

• • • • End of Spanish naval glory?

7. Downfall of Spain

• Late-17 thcentury Spain was shell of former self

• Economy was drained

• Ineffective rulers

• Rise in power of France and England

8. Overview of French Monarchy

• Louis XIV

• • Late-17 thcentury

• • I am the state

• • Ruled for 72 years

• • Great-grandson of Phillip II

• • Firm believer in divine right

• • Sun King

• • Built strong army

• • CreatedVersaillesas symbol of power

• • • Palace outside of Paris; the most magnificent building in Europe

• • • Kings home and seat of government

9. 10. Downfall of France

• King Louis XVI

• • Late-18 thcentury

• • Only king of France to be executed

• • Bad with $$$

• • King during the French Revolution

• • Neglected his people/abused his power

• King Louis death leads to end of Absolute monarchy

11. Overview of British Monarchy

• Parliament

• • Legislative governing body

• James I

• • Stuart

• • Early 17 thcentury

• • From Scotland

• • Believed in divine right/absolutism

• • Battled Parliament for power

• Charles I

• • James son

• • Mid-17 thcentury

• • Dissolved Parliament and ruled as absolute ruler for 11 years

• • Angered Puritans; seemed a Catholic supporter

12. English Civil War & Revolution

• Charles I recalls Parliament for funding

• • Parliament upset with Charles I try to limit his power =English Civil War

• • • CavaliersversusRoundheads

• • • • Supporters of the King

• • • • Supporters of Parliament led byOliver Cromwell

• • • • • Puritan military leader; Lord Protector of England post-Civil-War

• • • Charles I executed by Parliament

• • • • England enters kingless decade

• Oliver Cromwell dies 1658 ending the kingless decade

13. English Civil War & Revolution continued

• Cromwells death + Puritans losing control = return to monarchy

• James II

• • Charles II brother (Charles II = Charles I son)

• • People feared James would restore the Catholic church

• • • Catholic supporter

• • Believed in absolutism

• • Parliament becomes worried and calls for help

• • • Parliament reaches out toWilliam of Orangeand wife Mary (James II daughter)

14. English Civil War & Revolution continued

• Glorious Revolution

• • Late 17 thcentury

• • James II leaves England for France

• • William and Mary take over as King and Queen

• • No bloodshed

• • Creation ofBill of Rights

• • • Creation ofConstitutional Monarchy

• • • • Monarchs governing alongside Parliament with Parliament having ultimate power

• • • Power lies in Parliament

• • • Monarchy cant interfere with Parliament

• • • No Catholics allowed to sit on throne

• • • Trial by jury

• • • Habeas corpus

• • • • Must be charged before being imprisoned

15. Overview of Russian Monarchy

• Peter Romanov

• • Peter the Great

• • Tsar

• • • Russian equivalent of king

• • 10 years old when taking throne

• • Late 17 thcentury

• • Wanted towesternizeRussia

• • • Traveled Europe & brought back experts in intellectual fields

• • • Copy western ideas (Europe/United States)

• • Adopted feudalism

• • Tortured and killed those who defied him

• • See video on Peter the Greathere .

16. Overview of Russian Monarchy continued

• • Created powerful army

• • St. Petersburg his city

• • Expanded Russian empire

• Catherine

• • Catherine the Great

• • Mid-18 thcentury

• • German princess married Peter III age 15

• • • Peter III murdered making Catherine Queen

• • Embraced western ideas like Peter the Great

• • Education = important

• • Expanded empire

17. Downfall of Russia

• Russian Revolution

• • During World War I 1917

• • Monarchy collapses in favor of Communism

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