Age Discovery

Voyages of Discovery:Voyages of Discovery: 1487-1522 C.E. 1487-1522 C.E.

• Humanism and the Renaissance - the Humanism and the Renaissance - the yearning to push the boundaries of yearning to push the boundaries of human knowledge also expressed itself human knowledge also expressed itself in a desire to push back the boundaries in a desire to push back the boundaries of the world map. A desire that of the world map. A desire that continues today in our desire to explore continues today in our desire to explore ever further the far corners of the ever further the far corners of the universe. European ships make their universe. European ships make their mark in every sea and ocean across the mark in every sea and ocean across the globe.globe.

Medieval World Map 1459Medieval World Map 1459

Why explore? Three Gs?Why explore? Three Gs?

• GoldGold – Silks and spices of the Far East. – Silks and spices of the Far East. Europeans had an insatiable appetite for Europeans had an insatiable appetite for them. Sick of paying Venetian prices. them. Sick of paying Venetian prices. European nations wanted this wealth. European nations wanted this wealth.

• GloryGlory-- discover and rule new lands. discover and rule new lands. Hero!Hero!

• GodGod-- Spread the teachings of Christ. Spread the teachings of Christ.

NewNew Technology of Technology of ExplorationExploration• CaravelsCaravels – sturdier faster, better ships – sturdier faster, better ships

equipped with cannon to protect against equipped with cannon to protect against pirates.pirates.CompassCompass – NEW! Copied – NEW! Copied from the Chinese to from the Chinese to Muslims to Europe. Muslims to Europe. Always points north.Always points north.

AstrolabeAstrolabe – measures – measures angle of the stars so you angle of the stars so you can pinpoint your latitude.can pinpoint your latitude.

An astrolabeAn astrolabe

Quest for the far EastQuest for the far EastPortugalPortugal – nation at the – nation at the western edge of Spain. western edge of Spain. First leaders in First leaders in exploration. exploration.

Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator: : Started a school for navigators, and Started a school for navigators, and funded early explorers to find a spice funded early explorers to find a spice route.route.

How do you get to India?How do you get to India?• Everyone knew the world was Everyone knew the world was

round.round.• World was thought too big to World was thought too big to

sail west. sail west. • Hope was to find a path around Hope was to find a path around

Africa. Africa. • Portuguese build bases along Portuguese build bases along

African coast for resupply. African coast for resupply. • Don’t explore Africa because of Don’t explore Africa because of

disease (malaria) and hostile disease (malaria) and hostile natives. natives.

• African kingdoms sell African kingdoms sell Europeans gold and slaves. Europeans gold and slaves.

• Beginning of African slave Beginning of African slave trade. trade.

African kingdoms concept of African kingdoms concept of slavery…slavery…• Slaves often were adopted into familysSlaves often were adopted into familys• Often married into the familyOften married into the family• Could eventually move up out of Could eventually move up out of

slaveryslavery• Children of slaves were not slaves.Children of slaves were not slaves.• Only criminal slaves were mistreated Only criminal slaves were mistreated • Eventually sold to European and Arab Eventually sold to European and Arab

merchantsmerchants

American concept of slaveryAmerican concept of slavery

Need for cheap laborNeed for cheap labor

• Ancient Greece and Rome – helots & Ancient Greece and Rome – helots & slavesslaves

• Vikings – thrallsVikings – thralls

• Middle Ages – serfsMiddle Ages – serfs

• Early America – slavesEarly America – slaves

• Modern America – illegal immigrantsModern America – illegal immigrants

Does Africa even end?Does Africa even end?

• Bartholomew DiasBartholomew Dias: : 1487 C.E. Portuguese 1487 C.E. Portuguese captain who is the first captain who is the first to round the tip of to round the tip of Africa. Africa.

All the way!All the way!• Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama: 1497 C.E. Sails : 1497 C.E. Sails

around the tip of Africa all the around the tip of Africa all the way to India. way to India.

• Portugal has a spice route!Portugal has a spice route!

• On the way home his crew gotOn the way home his crew got– ScurvyScurvy – disease caused by a lack of – disease caused by a lack of

vitamin C.vitamin C.

Spain claims to already Spain claims to already have one!have one!

• Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus: : Italian from Genoa who Italian from Genoa who insisted you could sail west insisted you could sail west and easily get to China. and easily get to China. – Laughed at! World was too Laughed at! World was too

big.big.– Shopped for seven years Shopped for seven years

before Isabella of Spain said before Isabella of Spain said ok.ok.

– Given three ships – Nina, Given three ships – Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria.Pinta, Santa Maria.

– Sails in 1492Sails in 1492

• Men are out of sight of land for three Men are out of sight of land for three weeks. Men become scared. weeks. Men become scared.

• Columbus shows false journals showing Columbus shows false journals showing them they haven’t gone that far. them they haven’t gone that far. – Men threaten to Men threaten to mutinymutiny:: overthrow of ship’s overthrow of ship’s

officers.officers.

• Just in time land is sighted and the ships Just in time land is sighted and the ships land in the Caribbean Sea on San Salvador?land in the Caribbean Sea on San Salvador?

http://www.youtube.com/watch_fullscreen?video_id=o9W1G3Tn31A&l=231&t=OEgsToPDskJe9IIugjcxVlPHqbO56blL&soff=1&sk=kuCHd8OoxdV5emnZ92BsFwC&fs=1&title=1492 (Columbus sighting land)

I CLAIM THIS LAND FOR SPAIN!

• Natives come out to Natives come out to meet Chris while he’s meet Chris while he’s planting the Spanish planting the Spanish flag.flag.– ““I Claim This Land For I Claim This Land For

Spain!Spain!– Convinced he’s near Convinced he’s near

India calls natives India calls natives Indians. Indians.

• Borrows (steals) some Borrows (steals) some gold trinkets, parrots gold trinkets, parrots and a few Indians and and a few Indians and sails back to Spain.sails back to Spain.

Columbus’ later voyagesColumbus’ later voyages• Makes three more trips – Makes three more trips –

can’t find silks, spices or can’t find silks, spices or cities of China. cities of China.

• Has to make money for Has to make money for Spain. Spain. – Enslaves Indians. Enslaves Indians. – They keep dying - smallpoxThey keep dying - smallpox

• Decides Indians are hiding Decides Indians are hiding their gold. Forced them to their gold. Forced them to bring gold.bring gold.

• If they do not their hands If they do not their hands are cut off and they bleed to are cut off and they bleed to death. death.

Columbus Boooo!Columbus Boooo!• Columbus eventually Columbus eventually

disgraced. disgraced. • Dies believing he Dies believing he

found a way to China. found a way to China. • Lands begin to be Lands begin to be

called…called…America.America.• Some say named after Some say named after

explorer Amerigo explorer Amerigo VespucciVespucci– others after a western others after a western

star – Merica. Also star – Merica. Also called the New World. called the New World.

He Discovered What? Huh?He Discovered What? Huh?

Chinese Admiral ZhengChinese Admiral Zheng

Search for a western Search for a western passage!passage!

•Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan: 1519 : 1519 A.D. Portuguese sailor, sails A.D. Portuguese sailor, sails for Spain, and for Spain, and circumnavigates the globe.circumnavigates the globe.

•Voyage takes three years. Voyage takes three years. Started with 270 men and five Started with 270 men and five ships. Finishes with 18 men ships. Finishes with 18 men and one ship! and one ship!

•Magellan dies in the Magellan dies in the Philippines.Philippines.

• Voyage is a sensation! The world Voyage is a sensation! The world now is laid bare to Europeans. With now is laid bare to Europeans. With gunpowder, armor and God Europe gunpowder, armor and God Europe will conquer the earth!will conquer the earth!