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AD-AIOO 703 ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT-ETC F/G 5/2THE PRODUCTION OF THE AGARD MULTILINGUAL AERONAUTICAL DICTIONAR-ETC(U)APR 81 V A WENTE, Ji C KIRSCHBAUM, J H KUNEY
UNCLASSIFIED AGAROR684 NL
17~EEEEEE
LE~VELAGARD-R-684
40
~2L AGARD REPORT No. 684
CC The Production ofThe AGARD Multilingual AeronauticalDictionary Using Computer Techniques
C.
DISTRIBUTION AND AVAILABILITYON BACK C9PVEJE
,,AGARD-R-684,
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L'ATLANTIQVE NORD)
AGA Ri Report No.684
THE PRODUCTION OF THE AGARD MULTILINGUAL AERONAUTICAL
DICTIONARY USING COMPUTER TECHNIQUES)
by
JVan A.WenteHead, Systems & Retrieval Section
Scientific & Technical Information FacilityNASA H-Q
Washington DC 20546
I.C.Kirschbaum*Vice-President for Information Programs
In terAmnerica Research Associates1555 Wilson Boulevarde, Suite 600
Rosslyn, Virginia 22209, US
and
J. H.K uney 4Division Vice-President
Informatics Information Systemns Company6011 Executive Boulevarde
Rockville, Nvfaryland 20852, US
*Formierly with Informatics Information Systems Company
This report was prepared at the request of the Technical Information Panel of AGARI).
THE MISSION OF AGARD
The mission of AGARD is to bring together the leading personalities of the NATO nations in the fields of scienceand technology relating to aerospace for the following purposes:
- Exchanging of scientific and technical information;
- Continuously stimulating advances in the aerospace sciences relevant to strengthening the common defenceposture;
- Improving the co-operation among member nations in aerospace research and development;
- Providing scientific and technical advice and assistance to the North Atlantic Military Committee in the fieldof aerospace research and development;
- Rendering scientific and technical assistance, as requested, to other NATO bodies and to member nations inconnection with research and development problems in the aerospace field;
- Providing assistance to member nations for the purpose of increasing their scientific and technical potential;
- Recommending effective ways for the member nations to use their research and development capabilities forthe common benefit of the NATO community.
The highest authority within AGARD is the National Delegates Board consisting of officially appointed seniorrepresentatives from each member nation. The mission of AGARD is carried out through the Panels which arecomposed of experts appointed by the National Delegates, the Consultant and Ex;change Programme and the AerospaceApplications Studies Programme. The results of AGARD work are reported to the member nations and the NATOAuthorities through the AGARD series of publications of which this is one.
Participation in AGARD activities is by invitation only and is normally limited to citizens of the NATO nations.
The content of this publication has been rep'oduceddirectly from material supplied by AGARD or the authors.
Published April )98!
Copyright © AGA R D 198 1All Rights Reserved
IS13N 9)2-835-1384-3
Printed h v Technical Editing and Reproduction L. Wlarf'Ord Iouse, 7 9 ('harlotte St. London, hIP 1III)
ti
CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF THE DICTIONARY 2
2.1 Background 22.2 Production Technique 32.3 Objective of the Dictionary 32.4 Chronology 42.5 Method 62.6 Sections of the Dictionary 10
2.6.1 Definitions and Translations 102.6.2 Front Matter 142.6.3 Index Terms 142.6.4 Abbreviations and Acronyms 15
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND CAPABILITIES 153.1 Background 153.2 Administrative Terminal System (ATS) 153.3 NASA Online Input and Photocomposition System (NOIPS) 173.4 Scientific and Technical Information Modular System (STIMS) 193.5 MAD to ATS Conversion 193.6 MAD to STIMS Conversion 20
4. ENGLISH TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 204.1 Background 204.2 Substance of the Terms and Definitions 21
5. REVIEW OF TERMS 21
6. TRANSLATIONS AND DATA ENTRY 226.1 Roman Character Translations 226.2 Greek and Cyrillic Translations 22
7. FORMAT AND STYLE 237.1 General Description 237.2 Definitions and Translations 237.3 Index Terms 23
7.4 Acronyms and Abbreviations 34
S. EDITORIAL REVISION 34
9. FINAL PROCESSING ja 37
mL
tiI
- -.. .
THE PRODUCTION OF THE AGARD NULTILINGUAL AERONAUTICAL DICTIONARY
1. INTRODUCTION
In 1973, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was asked by the Advisory
Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Technical Information Panel (AGARD/TIP) to
assist in preparing an updated version of the Aeronautical Multilingual Dictionary, published
by AGARD's Documentation Committee in 1960 and supplemented in 1963. In October 1973, under
auspices of AGARD/TIP, the Working Group for the Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary held its
first meeting and began the deliberations that led seven years later to distribution of
Printed dictionary copies to AGARD National Delegates, to Panel Representatives, and to two
points for public sale. In North America, sale is by the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA, and in other parts of the world by AGARD/NATO, Neuilly
sur Seine, France.
The principal goal of the work was stated in a preface to the dictionary by the Chairman
of AGARD, Dr. Alan M. Lovelace:
Since 1963, substantial technological advances have taken place, and many
new terms have been introduced into the language of aeronautical research,
development, and engineering. At the same time, many terms previously in
current use are obsolescent. For these reasons, the original AGARD
Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary has been completely revised and
updated. In his foreword to the first AGARD Multilingual Aeronautical
Dictionary, the late Dr. Theodore von Karman, world-renowned scientist and
founder of AGARD, said, "I believe that one of the fundamental conditions
for the exchange of scientific information is the exact definition of
scientific and technical concepts and a knowledge of the corresponding
terminology in various languages." It is AGARD'S hope that this revised
dictionary will help fulfil this objective and will prove a valuable tool
for scientists, engineers, and translators in the field of aeronautics.
A second major goal was to produce the dictionary by computer techniques and automatic
photocomposition insofar as possible. Computer assistance in the publication process of the
dictionary was to he employed to minimize the cost and facilitate a recurring process of
maintaining currency with the leadi,o- edge of technology. Dictionaries have been developed
with the use of computers before, however, one dealing with a multiplicity of languages has
not been accomplished in a fully automated manner before.
In realizing these goals the Working Group relied on AGARD Panel members for the primary
input in updating terms and definitions, while two Technical Information Panel Executives
during the six-year period, A. J. R. Whitehead and Trevor Sharp, provided the coordination and
funding activities necessary to support the various contractors involved. Further planning
and coordination was provided by two chairmen of the Working Group, Colin Schuler at the
outset, and Joseph Coyne later when it became known as the Sub-Committee on the Multilingual
Aeronautical Dictionary. The efforts of the contractors will be described in detail later in
this report, but considerable attention to the data processing and photocomposition aspects of
the work was required by two successive directors of NASA's scientific and technical
i .formation program during this period, Harold E. Pryor and George P. Chandler, Jr.
Th-e exposure described nerein of both AGARD and NASA to the development of MAD and the
experietcoe gained in its actual production should provide a sound basis for the production of
the next edition. This version is expected to contain more terms and will be published within
a time cycle considerably shorter than the 1980 edition. Providing at the outset for support
by a single organization having knowledge in three key areas--lexicography, language
translations, and technical editi,t4,--should produce a synergistic effect when combined with
the computerizel irocess now developed and described in the following pages.
2. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF THE DICTIONARY
2.1 BACKGROUND
In March 1953 AGARD commissioned its Documentation Committee to initiate the development
of a multilingual technical aeronautical dictionary. The Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary
was published in 1960, and a Sul!perment followed in 1963. In keeping with its mission for
the advancement of aerospace science and technology and the exchange of information in these
fields among NATO members, the Technical Information Panel of the Working Group on the
Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary (MAC) was formed to revise the dictionary to include new
terms and to delete terms that had become obsolete.
In a cooperative spirit, a joint effort was ins-ituted in 1g74 between the Working Group
on the Multilinlual Aeronautical DlctlonarX and the U.i. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office. While AGARD was to remain
responsible for the substance and content, NASA was to supply state-of-the-art technology for
the preparation of the preliminary versions and the final camera-ready copy. At the outset,
it was agreed that the AGARD MAD was to be considered a recurring publication; computer
technology would be used for data maintenance and update, and computer-assisted
photocomposition for cost containment of subsequent editions of the dictionary.
2.2 PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE
Computer technology served three purposes in the composition of the MAD: (1) It allowed
for the implementation of a coordinated management plan to facilitate the selection of terms
and definitions and the control of translations. (2) Given sensitive, far-sighted
programming, it allowed the dictionary's editorial staff to easily update, add, or delete
text up to the last possible moment. (3) It allowed formatting and photocomposition to be
acccomplished within the time constraints imposed. In addition, a major advantage of the use
of computer technology is the fact that a very large data base now exists in machine-readable
form on which to base subsequent publications and on which other information science
activities can be founded.
2.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE DICTIONARY
The general objectives s.et for the MAD were:
o Use of Automatic Data Processing Techniques
The development of a computer system to support all the processing required in
the production of the dictionary was to be accomplished using as much
off-the-shelf software and hardware as available to minimize costs. NASA's
Scientific and Information Facility (STIF) supplied the hardware and software.
The IBM 360/65 Operating System with appropriate peripheral equipment was used.
The system included an on-line data entry capability with complete text editing
facilities. A software system that included computer photocomposition for a
phototypesetter at NASA STIF was employed as the nucleus of the special
software needed to support the dictionary.
o Size
It was recognized at the outset that the MAD could not contain all the terms
required to meet the satisfaction of all interested parties. The initial goal
was 7500 items or entries for which English definitions would be supplied.
,Subsequent editions would contain corrections of any deficiencies in addition
to new items.
o Scope
The MAD is divided into three major sections: (I) English language terms and
definitions with translations in German, Spanish, French, Greek, Italian,
Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, and Turkish; (2) indexes in all the non-English
languages; and (3) a list of acronyms and abbreviations.
o Coverage
Twenty-three categories of terms were included in the initial term selection.
The sources are shown in Figure 2-1. Particpating NATO countries supplied the
translations of the terms in their respective languages; Russian translations
were done at NASA STIF by a professional technical translator. A synergistic
effect was obtained through the use of multilingual editors and
lexicographers.
2.4 CHRONOLOGY
The AGARD MAD effort began in the spring of 1974 and concluded in the fall of 1980.
Activities during this period included standard publications procedures a well as the liaison
activities necessary to deal with a committee distributed throughout the world. It was
necessary to obtain agreement with respect to format and layout, scope and coverage, and
content and substance. The methodology for interaction by the contributors had a significant
impact on the amount of time required to attain the goals. The following is a synopsis of
events that led to the production of the AGARD MAD:
Spring 1974 Systems analysis and functional design
Summer 1974 Test data tape received from Europe
Fall 1974 Software development and interfaces forfirst draft completed; production datatape received from Europe
Winter 1974 First draft AGARD MAD dispatched torequired nations
Fall 1975 Selection of format and style by MADWorking Group; software developmentand interfaces for second draftcompleted
Winter 1975 Last corrections received for terms anddefinitions addendum data tape received
* from Europe
Spring 1976 Second draft AGARD MAD dispatched torequired nations; magnetic tape of seconddraft AGARD MAD sent to Germany
Fall 1976 Production processing documentationguidelines published
5
Code Source
001 BSI 185 British Standard Glossary of Aeronautical andAstronautical Terms 1969-1973
002 BS7 4236 British Standard Glossary of Terms relating toAir Cushion Vehicles
003 BSI 661 British Standard Glossary of Terms relating toAcoustics
005 BSI 185 1964 (for Navigation terms)1960 and its
010 AGARP Aeronautical Nuitilingual Dictionazy First Supplement 1965.
011 Meteorological Office (U.K.)
015 AGARDograph No. 153. Glossary of Aerospace Medical Terms. 1971
020 AGARD Consultant (Ifelzig) (Parachutes)
030 European Organisation for Quality Control (vOQC)Glossary of terms used in Quality Control, 1972
035 Mathematical Dictionary, James & James
040 NASA CR 2376 Handbook of noise ratings. April, 1974
045 Chambers Technical Dictionary
050 NATO 8lossary (AAP-6K)
051 Joint Services Glossary (UK) JSP 110 (1973)
052 Air Standards Co-ordinating Committee.
500 NASA Aeronautical Dictionary
501 AAP-6(I)
502 AGARD Panel Executives
505 AGARD Panel
504 U.S. Military
505 I.C.A.O.
500 Nil-2td
507 British Standard.
Figure 2-I - List of 5ources and Codes
1~]
ih
Summer 1977 Software development and interfaces for
page proofs completed
Fall 1977 Last translations received
Winter 1977 Page proofs of definitions and
translations dispatched to nations
Spring 1978 Last corrections received from nations for
translations; analysis and resolution of
anomolies and substantive errors started
Spring 1980 Final corrections for all aspects of AGARD
MAD received
Summer 1980 Final Photocomposed camera-ready pages of AGARD MAD
produced
Fall 1980 Printing and distribution of AGARD MAD
2.5 METHOD
The approach to the production of the AGARD MAD took into acccount the fact that the
people involved were located all over the world. The active members of the Working Group
(later the Sub-Committee) met many times in the United States and in Europe during the
development of the book and were instrumental in its design and makeup. They reported
regularly to the Technical Information Panel, which is composed of representatives from all
the nations of NATO, and they established a liaison with technical representatives in the
appropriate countries for concurrence in term selection an subsequent translation into French,
Dutch, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Turkish, and Spanish. The delegates from NATO
countries relied on their national experts for consultation and translations.
At the outset of the project, a comprehensive study and functional design for
computerized production was accomplished by the staff of NASA STIF. The study covered
alternatives and tradeoffs and their costs with respect to the various facets of the MAL. The
character set for the dictionary was defined, and the data entry requirements were analyzed.
The character set contained all English alphabetic characters, accents, numerics, and
punctuation, as well as the complete Greek and Cyrillic alphabets. Data entry was to he
accomplished in two phases: The first set of data contained the English language terms and
their definitions, categories, and subcategories; the second phase was the keyboarding of the
non-Enqlish lanauaae translations includinq accents, Greek characters, and Cyrillic
characters. Both uppercase and lowercase alphabet characters were accommodated. An analysis
f proof and review requirements, alternative fonts, photocomposition resources available,
hard copy preparation and distribution to reviewers, and mock-up page layouts were included in
the init tal study.
Using this analysis, the Working Group made major decisions that resulted in the
following procedures:
0 Alpha-Numeric, Ltd., Great Britain, was selected to keyboad the
initial set of English language terms and their definitions,
categories, and subcategories and to prepare a computer magnetic tape
of the data.
o Software was developed at NASA STIF to convert the Alpha-Numeric data
into a convenient format for subsequent processing, for example,
generation of proof copy from a line printer, text entry and editing,
and photocomposition. Figure 2-2 shows a sample of the first proof.
" Full documentation and instructions were developed by NASA STIF
personnel and distributed to all parties concerned.
o Additional hardware and software were installed at NASA STIF to support
the production of the AGi.RD MAD. This consisted of special sort routines,
proof printout packages, character translations, page style and layout
formats for photocomposition, and new fonts for the existing
photocomposition device. The NASA Online and Input Photocomposition
System (NOIPS), based on an IBM package called the Administrative and
Terminal Sytem (ATS) , was used for text editing. ATS supplies full text
updating capability throuqh ISM Selectri typewriter style terminals.
o After an appropriate complement of terms was processed, proofs were
distributed to members for select ion of terms and inclusion of new terms.
Fiqure 2-3 shrows a sample of the proofs used by the translatnrs.
NASA STIF pers nnel krvyo- in the remainder of the terr' an,. prepare, new
proo fs for translators. A data base on maanetir, tar0 was transeitt-l to,
the German momhers, whose compkoter used an existino cviar Fnlish
t hesaurus.
NASA STIF persr nnel pr,,t rod sample paqes and -orrespondiinu -ost data so
that the Working Grou , -nuld select the final layuit and style of the
ACARD MAD.
advection The -roc,-5 of transfer by -iar)ntal motn15101 in the atmosphere, e.g., the trtnsfer of
heat fro loe to high latitudes.*-**' MAD14$3 LINE I = 16 .nan.
advisory area A designated area where an air-triffic1302 advisorj senLico is avilable.
*--t MADIl37 LII!F I = 1 ..*.
advisory route A route along which an air-traffic advisory1302 service is available.
1*1** MAD1437 LINE I = 7 ...
aerial recovery canopy A parachute canopy which is designed to1201 provide the nececsary structural andor descent
characteristics required for air snatch andsubsequent payload retrieval operation.
.... * AA0r 1346 LINlE # = 13 t. ..
aeria. target A target designed to be towed or flown in0501 the air, and used in air-to-air and
surface-to-air gunnery training.-**- AD001 LINE = 12 ....
aero-engine An engine used to provide the main propulsive0802 or lifting power for an aircraft.
-tt** MAD1584 LINE S = 19
aeto-isoclinic ving A wing designed to maintain the same angle of0502 incidence when delofored under anrodynaoic
loads.*--*- MAD1265 LINE I = 13 .*'
aero-otitis media An acute inflamatory condition of the1702 niddle-ear initiated by a pressare inbalance
across an intact tympanic cenbrine. Generallyased as synonymous with otitic barotrauma.Also sometimes spelt aerotitis nedia.
ate.. 11D1831 LIN, * = 1 *t*
aeroarthrosis The formation of a perceptible bat painless1702 accumulation of gas within a )oint space as
a result of reduction of atmosphericpressure.
t**-* T AD1829 LI1NE 0 17 ...
aerobatics Manoeuvres intentionally perforand with0202 aircraft, other than those regured for
noroal flight.-- w nIADI136 LINE I = 6 wwne*
aerohioloqy The study of th distribution of living17c) orqxJ,;s fiily so;jpo- A en the atnosphere.
;,h tio 0 '£ a = 26 ....
Figure 2-2 -- First Proof Listing Page
11!
15601l See oustalleviation F'actor.allev iationfactor03 St 1 176006
"al"2 A1 Itrct~ralI deolals nil iita" i to in:hucklinq stahility unr load, Irresriectve of whethor
0301 11115021 the deformation Is elastic or oermanent orwhether it leads at once to collanse or not.
I'ilica termInal hucklIn" r foht.ino 'rm alscee, hucklinq and stedy in crese in the deormatlono
1307 114526 structure unler a constant load.
100011 1, sneciied load that a structurml memi-er ordesign load part should withsnd without fiio
0301 1020001
1005A load imposedt by dvnaslic act ion due to thedynaiic load acceleration of an aircraft, as j-,ocaed by
aM301 1024007 qus ts, by manoeuvrinq, by landino, bv 'iringaircraft amnnaent, etc.
10006 11 line orai Ifli a structure or meber , suchelastic axis asawn , out which torsionalI dolect Ion
0301 1028001 occurs when a torque is apolied.
1110,07 4 an within a section of a ~structure orelastic centre mmber such an aeroil secin at which
0301 1028007 the apolication of a s "all loa wil causetransverse deflection bu t not torsional de-
letion, oence a nit i n a sec tion aboutwhich torsi onal de flection occur'.
1000 Th fatorby which alimit 18 is molt olflctor of safety to oroduen t- Toad to be 'Ine in the csinn
0101 illiOl of in aircra.t or mart ol an aircraft. Ti isintroduce d to orevide s narnin o' trcnnthaqainat loads oeter th ,n te liit lo ads,and anainst ujpeertantsin ma I te rials, cnstruction, load estima tion and stress analysis
100'79 Theratio of tho ,lnhf hor .n-etoits masi-fieesratio mm transvredi.n. no,.oeiset
0)301 1146022 some equivalent dimension.
10110 See shear Onetre.Flexural centre0 301 1176021
100",A . laa in which, For a -IrtiealAr alrerat
flighit envelope tv, th~iasnecified desinn no rmal accelnra_ndl 1107001 tions (as multioles nf a) form the ordinates
and the Co rresnondlina o-ivalent airqneeds thaabs cisaae. The boundar- of the di-a-' lorm,a closed 'in ure which lefines -he desion
Iilts 'or the aircra't concernecd For thesoecific fit h t altitud cI nvol ved.
10412 'he entire load ! utained l nsrcr,"t a tfull lod rean or i odto 'iaclrtd'ih
0)301 1043072 the amount of this loid, oaJilent to theweiaht of then air-rlf".
Figure 2-3 - IPage tUsed for Tranhialior)
It)
o NASA STIF personnel developed the technique to keyboard non-English
language translations with provisions for accents, Greek characters, and
Cyrillic characters. Accents were accommodated with a special overstrike
keying technique; Greek and Russian material was input with a special
Selectric font ball by individuals trained in the languages. figuxe 2-4
shows a page from a representative translation manuscript.
o NASA STZF personnel prepared page proofs of the terms, definitions, and
translation sections for review.
0 NASA STIF personnel keyed and prepared an abbreviations and acronyms
section from sources submitted by the Working Group.
o After comprehensive editorial and in-depth review, NASA STIF personnel
prepared camera-ready copy.
A comprehensive Workflow PERT Chart, shown in Figure 2-5, was prepared as part of the
requisite do-umentation of the AGARD MAD effort.
2.6 SECTIONS OF THE DICTIONARY
2.6.1 Definitions and Translations
The first part of the dictionary is an alphabetical list of English terms, their
definitions in English, and translations into the nine other languages. The sort sequence of
the items is in the standard library mode. The following fields are displayed:
o Item number (in a one-up sequence starting with 10001)
o English termo English definition (including multiple definitions, synonyms, and homonyms)o Translations (and their identification codes) in the following order:
DE German
ES Spanish
FR French
HE Greek (in Greek font
IT Italian
NE Dutch
P0 Portuguese
RU Russian (in Cyrillic font)
TI Turkish
ENGLISH FRENCH
Acceleration error Erreur de fau nord
Accelerations (aerospace / •medicine) Acceleration
Accelerator pump Pompe de eprise
Accelerometer Acceleromet/e
Acceptance Inspection Inspection acceptation
Acceptance number nombre acceptation
acceptance sampling d'lehantillons acceptation
acceptance sampling plan d'enchantillons plan acceptation
acceptance trials dlessal acceptation
accessory gearbox accessolre carter engrenages
accordion folding pliante accordion
accuracy exactitude
accuracy in the mean d'moyen exactitude
acoustic fatigue fatigue acoustique
acoustic fatigue test l'essai fatigue acoustique
acoustic liner ligner acoustique
acoustic spectrum spectre acoustique
acquisition acquisition
action limits limite action
active guidance guidage 1lactive
active redundancy redondance ]'active
Figure 2-4 - Translation Manuscript Page As Received
-N, • I 1 "I= ' '
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14
2.6.2 Front Matter
The front matter contains the following elements (all but the instructions are in English
and French):
o Preliminary title pages
o Table of Contents
o Preface
o Introduction
o Acknowledgements
o Instructions in English
o Instructions in French
o Instructions in Dutch
o Instructions in German
o Instructions in Greek
o Instructions in Italian
o Instructions in Portuguese
o Instructions in Turkish
o Instructions in Spanish
o Instructions in Russian
The preface contains a statement by the chairman of AGARD, Dr. Alan M. Lovelace, Deputy
Administrator, U.S. National Aeronatics and Space Administration, on the purpo,e ar'l
objectives of the dictionary as a tool for scientists, engineers, and translators in the field
of aeronautics. The introduction contains a statement of standards and introductory comments
relating to the charactristics and idiosyncrasies of the dictionary. The acknowledgements
contain a recognition of authorities and an expression of appreciation to cognizant personnel
and agencies involved in the preparation of the dictionary. The instructions contain a brief
description of the dictionary and a set of simple directions for its use.
2.6.3 Index Terms
The index is divided into nine subsections containing alphabetical lists of terms in
languages other than English. Each term is accompanied by a reference or item number, keyed
to its English language equivalent in the first part of the dictionary. zquivalent
translations, synonyms, and homonyms are alphabetically sorted according to standard
dictionary rules.
I5
2.6.4 Abbreviations and Acronyms
This section is a list of aeronautical, aerospace, and related acronyms and abbreviations
and their meanings. The acronyms and abbreviations are mixed and arranged in alphabetic
order.
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND CAPABILITIES
3.1 BACKGROUND
All the computer programs written in support of the dictionary are now part of the
library of software available at NASA STIF and can be used again or moved to another computer
environment, as appropriate. No major existing program at NASA STIF was altered for the
development of the dictionary, and only special purpose or interface programs had to be
Written. However, since the software was modified, a few latent errors for bugs) were
discovered and corrected.
The following existing software was used for MAD:
o AdmMinistrative Terminal System (ATS)
o NASA Online Input and Photocomposition System (NOIPS)
o Scientific and Te-hnical Information Modular System (STIMS)
The following special purpose software was prepared for MAD:
o MND to ATS Conversion
o MAD to STIMS Conversion
o Special Sort
3.2 ADMINISTRATIVE TERMINAL SYSTEM (ATS)
ATS is an IPM-soppl,ed software package in the public domain that operates under the IBM
3,f) Operatinq System. Minor enhancements made at NASA STIF enable its use for a wide variety
of STtF projects. ATS is an on-li ne, time-sharing, remote typewriter terminal (IBM 2741
compatible) text processinq system that has full text edit capabilties including insert,
replace, ,elete, move, etc., providing all necessary word processinq functions.
Each item is stored on a random access disc, is available to a terminal operator in an
interactive mode for text update, and can le addressed through its item or reference number.
Eauh of the fields contained in the item is identified by an arbitrary code chosen such that
unique algorithms can be applied. The fields and their ATS codes are as follows:
16
CODE FIELD@1 Cat.ory Numbers -- Fcur-digit numeric that represents the broad and specific categories
of the item. These data are not displayed in the printed dictionary; however, they were
used to distribute review copies to cognizant individuals in designated fields of
expertise.
@2 English Language Term --Uppercase/lowercase characters consisting of one or more words.
@3 Prime Definition -- Uppercase/lowercase text containing the prime definition of the term
in English. The text of the definition flows from line to line.
@4 Additional Definitions -- If the prime definition is not adequate to describe the term,
the definition is delineated into multiple components of up to ten parts. The parts are
numbered 1,2,3,etc., and the equivalent translations are numbered correspondingly.
@13 Source of Prime Definition -- Three-digit numeric that represents the source of the
definition. These data are not displayed in the printed dictionary; however, they were
used to authenticate the exact wording prepared by the experts and reviewers.
@14 German Translation
@15 Spanish Translation
016 French Translation
017 Greek Translation
018 Italian Translation
019 Dutch Translation
020 Portuguese Translation
021 Russian Translation
022 Turkish Translation
NOTE 1: The non-English language translations using Roman characters were keyed on an ATS
terminal with a standard keyboard and standard IBM Selectric ball element. The Greek language
and Russian language translations were keyed using the same keyboad; however, special overlays
were prepared for the Greek and Cyrillic characters corresponding to the Greek or Cyrillic IBM
Selectric ball. Under software control, the appropriate character conversion was accommodated
in the data base and subsequent output displays.
NOTE 2: An accent is keyed immediately after the character for which it is intended as a
two-character doublet, where the first is a backspace (which is a character in ATS) and the
17
second is either the accent or a coded substitute for the accent. of course, the
photocomposed output has the correct accent; however, if the terminal or computer line printer
cannot display the proper accent because of its limited character set, the proof contains an
overstrike at the correct position, indicating that the correct accent was applied.
NOTE 3: Gender/case designations are indicated by (m), (f), (n), (pl), etc., as appropriate,
and multiple translation terms are entered with ) signs as separators such that the software
can determine where one term ends and the next one begins.
A sample ATS display is presented as Figure 3-1.
3.3 NASA ONLINE INPUT AND PHOTOCOMPOSITION SYSTEM (NOIPS)
NOIPS was designed, developed, and implemented at NASA STIF for standard production use.
This system required no programming development modifications to product MAD; however, the
style and format of the MAD pages had to be designed, def~ned, and tested. A Photon 713
photocomposition device located at NASA STIF was used because it was cost effective and
readily available. A Cyrillic font and some special characters and accents were needed, and
custom film strips, matrixes, and an additional drum to hold the entire character requirements
of the AGARD MAD were acquired. Several attempts were required to provide a correct array
because of the complexity and the lack of prior experience in multilingual publications. Some
of the problems encountered were the inclusion of script style Cyrillics along with the
standard style, accents not anticipated, characters not identified (dotless turkish i and
final Greek sigma), and accents not oriented properly over/under the characters.
NOPS operates on one of two input formats, ATS and STIMS. ATS input is employed for the
most part to photocompose unstructured nonrecurring text that does not require preliminary
processing, such as the front matter and the acronym and abbreviation sections of the
dictionary. STIMS is a data base management system that provides a common format for special
functions such as nonstandard sorting and index preparation automatically for
photocomposition.
When ATS data are input to NOIPS, the commands to process the data and instruct the
photocomposer machinery (e.g., displacement, point size of the typeset characters, leading
space between the lines, etc.) are either contained directly in the text data stream, or the
callouts for stored or predefined procedures are embedded within the text. This technique
permits maximum flexibility for the pane layout phase. The typographic commands available to
the computer-aided photocomposition routines are varied and comprehensive and afford the same
@1 1102@121422 accuracy13 Generally the closeness of computationsor estimates to the exact values.@13 504114 qenauigkeita15 exacto (perfecto)@16 exactit6de@18 accuratezza219 nawkeurigheid220 exactido@22 doqruluk"17 CLTI~LtXX6L=21 eLc pTNiN*
Figure 3- - Sample ATS Display of MAD item
'I"
typograhic versatility as standard typesetting equipment. The codes are cryptic but can be
clearly understood by the trained user and contain elements such as ps8, which stands for
point size 8; b18, which represents body lead 8; etc. This nomenclature is a language in
itself, and the NOIPS software acts as a "language interpreter."
When STIMS data are input to NOIPS, the same typographic commands are used; however, they
are no longer included in the stream of text. Since STIMS has specific field tags, and since
each field is to be processed in the same manner, independent of the item, field tags precede
each field and serve as pointers to the desired set of typesetting command codes.
/
3.4 Scientific and Technical Information Modular System (STIMS)
Like NOIPS, STIMS was designed, developed, and implemented at NASA STIF for standard
production activities. This system required no programming development modifications to
produce MAD, except for the inclusion of a sort algorithm that accommodated the various
requirements and characteristics necessary to produce non-English terms that contain
diacriticals and special character sets. In addition, STIMS tables had to be generated that
not only described the detailed field characteristics but were also used internally to drive
the software to produce index data for photocomposition. As part of the daily production
process at NASA STIF, a viable allocation of resources is maintained within the computer
environment, including backing storage space. Because the production of the AGARD MAD
extended over a significant period of time, data has to be stored under STIMS rather than ATS
since STIMS deals with mostly archival information and ATS is used for in-process activity.
Tables were generated to convert the data from STIMS to ATS format as part of the production
requirements for AGARD MAD updates.
3.5 MAD TO ATS CONVERSION
Special purpose software to convert the machine-readable data provided by Alpha-Numeric
Ltd. into ATS format was developed and implemented by NASA STIF personnel. Specific rules
were agreed on by the staff of the two organizations such that consistent techniques were
employed in tha original and addendum data submitted for the English language terms, their
definitions, categories, and sources. Magnetic tapes were used for communication, and little
difficulty was encountered in reading the data and preparing computer line printer proof
output to review by cognizant personnel.
2u
3.6 MAD TO STIMS CONVERSION
A special purpose program was developed and placed into production to convert the data in
ATS relating to the English language terms, definitions, and non-English language translations
into the STIMS format for subsequent STIMS software processing. Existing standard utility
routines were employed to locate the records that required conversion and to perform the
actual input/output functions.
4. ENGLISH TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
4.1 BACKGROUND
Because of cost considerations, data entry of English language terms, categories,
sources, and definitions was accomplished in Great Britain by Alpha-Numeric Ltd. The copy was
provided to Alpha-Numeric Ltd. by the members of the Working Group on the Mad and foreign
representative with cognizance of the subject. The MAD was a routine keying activity for
Alpha-Numeric Ltd. When the data were received at NASA STIF in machine-readable form on
magnetic tape and processed into the computer environment for production of proofs for
subsequent review, difficulties became evident. Data entry and quality assurance personnel
were accustomed to exercising editorial freedom with respect to spelling, grammar, and syntax.
To expedite processing, they did not ask an expert in the field or the author of the piece
when an obvious error was identified. This approach brought about the "correction" of British
terminology and British spelling to conform to U.S. standards. Needless to say, as soon as
this was discovered, the British style of expression and spelling was reentered; however,
vigilance was raised to keep this "helpful" correction assistance from recurring. A note of
warning should have been identified at that time, but was not, with respect to hyphenation
rules. As it turns out, the definitions are expressed in the British style with British
spelling, however, hyphenation and word break rules with respect to those employed in the U.S.
according to GPO standards did introduce awkward syntax in some instances.
At the outset of the projec', the final size of the dictionary was not determined;
however, the data were to he processed as they were transmitted and proofs were to be
generated on a timely basis. At 'he conclusion of the first addendum stage, the dictionary
contained approximately 7500 terms. Because of cost considerations, no new terms were
accepted. After consolidation and refinement of the data, the dictionary contained 7319
terms.
2)
4.2 SUBSTANCE OF THE TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
A term contains the uppercase/lowercase text in Enqlish, with only acronyms,
abbreviations, or proper names shown in uppercase characters. The noun form of the term was
employed in all appropriate instances.
Similarly, the definition is a grammatically correct collection of sentences with proper
syntax displaying an articulate and concise meaning. Since the terms came from a variety of
contributors, an editorial standard for terms and definitions was not imposed in order to
retain a link to authoritative reference sources; thus both British and United States spelling
will be found in the text.
Many of the definitions in the dictionary are original, but many were extracted from
material already published and are presented either verbatim or in a slightly amended form.
Permission to publish copyrighted material was readily obtained.
If a term could not be described adequately with a single explanation, or if the term
contained multiple parts or meanings, the definition was delineated into multiple components.
Cross references to related terms were made with a "See" statement.
Superscripts and subscripts were not used; instead a standard form was employed (e.g. H2
for hydrogen).
5. REVIEW OF TERMS
The content of a dictionary such as the MAD cannot be static. It is acknowledged that
work will continue, and many of the shortcominqs of the 1980 edition will be corrected in
subsequent editions. The precise meaning of some items changed in the time between their
original entry and publication. In addition, the items may not be homoqeneous because of the
biases of the contributors. This not necessarily a significant feature in that the primary
purpose of the dictionary is information transfer; it is not the object of a literary review.
The dictionary was reviewed, updated, and scheduled for further scrutiny. As stated in the
Introduction to the AGARD MAD, suggestions for inclusions in revised editions of the
dictionary will be welcomed and should be sent to AGARD/NATO, France.
It became apparent during the development of the AGARD MAD that the wealth of information
available through the participation of a wide variety and large number of contributors was
rewarding even though it caused many difficulties, which were amplified when drafts were sent
for review and chanqes and variations were requested.
_ 4
The system installed at NASA STIF to accommodate change was extremely simple an I
thorough. The on-line interactive ATS editing system facilitated the instantaneous retrieve!
of the desired term through its item number; the item was then modified as directed by the
editor on a marked-up manuscript page or an annotated computer-generated proof. Proofreading
and review were accomplished through a visual copy check of proofs against manuscript; this
was repeated until the desired quality was achieved. Complete backup to the machine data was
always available due to the periodic archiving of the on-line files throughout the NASA STIF.
6. TRANSLATIONS AND DATA ENTRY
6.1 ROMAN CHARACTER TRANSLATIONS
Translations in languages that use Roman characters were entered on the IBM typewriter
style terminal with a standard keyboard and standard IBM Selectric ball element. A
three-character mnemonic followed by a blank character preceded the translation after the item
was retrieved on-line through the item number. Multiple translations for the same term
(%ariations, synonyms, homonyms, etc.) were acccommodated by repeating the selected mnemonic
as a new line entry or connecting the additional term to a previously keyed term with a
special character as a separator. The mnemonics and connectinq characters were employed for
data entry and update purposes only; they are not part of the published dictionary or its
display. Similarly, a technique was devised to key a diacritic as a two-character doublet
immediately after the character for which it was intended by using the backspace character in
ATS. Thus the playback of keyed data caused an overstrike with the accent, and the backspace
was reserved to signify that the character following it was to be treated specially (e.g., to
be centered above or below the previous character). This technique was used to generate some
special characters such as the Polish and Swedish L or 0 (with the slash ()).
6.2 GREEK AND CYRILLIC TRANSLATIONS
The translations entered into the data base for the Greek and Russian lanquages were
accomplished in the same manner as the Roman character translations, with the addition of the
r-des necessary to identify these lanquaqes as well as the employment of keyboard overlays and
special IBM Selectric ball elements. Of special note with respect to nonstandard fonts, the
keyboard operator had to be a translator trained in the use of the ATS syst-m in order to
read the manuscript input and review the hard copy. The display of the Greek and Cyrillic
data with standard hard copy media (e.q., line printer) is not readily intelligible and cannot
23
be utilized for review. Because of the limited character set available with the hard copy
devices, photocomposition was used for proofs of Greek and Russian material. To increase the
turn-around time for the production of readable output, an abbreviated output format was used
to dislay only the Greek or Russian along with the English term for proof purposes.
6.3 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
As with the multiple components of a definition, the interpretation of the translations
is left to the reader. For the most part, there was no intended correspondence between the
various components of multiply-stipulated translations in more than one language.
7. FORMAT AND STYLE
7.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The trim size of the AGARD MAD is approximately 21 X 26 cm(50 X 62 picas). The image
area is 42 X 55-2/3 picas; the margins are 34 points inside, 40 points outside, and 36 points
on top and bottom.
The running head of the three major sections contains sufficient information to identify
the first item on a left-hand page and the last item on a right-hand page. Folios are
centered on the bottom and consist of lowercase Roman numerals for 20 pages of front matter
and Arabic numerals for 876 pages. The basic typesize is 8 points on a body lead of 8 points,
and the typefaces are Universe bold and medium.
7.2 DEFINITIONS AND TRANSLATIONS
The Definitions and Translation Section has a three-column format. The items are in
alphabetic sequence of the English language terms. Each item is numbered in a one-up
sequence, with 10001 for the first and 17319 for the last. In addition to the item number,
English term, and definition (including all the components), the translations are presented in
the order described in Section 2.6.1 alonq with the two-character code in Times New Roman
Small Caps. A case or gender designation is displayed in parenthesis and set in italics. A
sample page is shown in Fiqure 7-1.
7.3 INDEX TERMS
The Index Terms Section has a three-column format. Each of the nine languages is sorted
by the alphabetic sequence of the language. Each entry consists of two elements, the item
number and the translated term from which an easy reference is made to the Definitions and
Translations Section. Sample pages for each of the nine indexes are shown in Figures 7-2
through 7-10.
24
AGARO MULTILINGUAL AERONAUTICAL DICTIONARY 10038 acceptance procedure
appled to the gyto ca- The telat1,hi of these NE setnoet, FR -apeoatb- II/component s of dill rate to dccoelion ran he PO aCeletado, mU tHE ..eosnt (0/st.ad bn meant o1 cos..c enls ssq dm,is-tl RU Vceoetess tlnI IT acsettaa'o. (tt
of angolat dtsplaseInef Pet ..ol I. dtt infTV IU 1 idsttcN I aIO-aatd~ogassrtlerst'oo tot *tceatatolhn along each ot the 2 k-Iale..t.. 2 poedkast.Ososvios aces of the gto OR9 dtt -. cansad 10029 3 -no.,~c~Itn m., onb.tansel "Ooeflseot puotp A ochatt which tam O acea.,o It)t
CE Iba,,rI..teu.giabtatiige Etcat ontihes a nia--t cstth the op.nimg of RU opeeboell aNAis.mandnticngsgdsCtm-nd.gket ho ToVtteI kbcI
2 bosshicsnigcngsbahtigge DE Reschletiigngssmpte af 10034
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3 beclngnsatSgieOtIi FIR t osinos III doepC.n- dngree of nololtneontld in teiES solocidd 'It de d.-1iss b.I aIs 2 ompeIno.f acnlt,o ecptesnd in lfin.t's oeoI-,oa ta'
"a"e .sit oHE -oA- Ie or ,it III t-- DE I Atn.hmeh,tatiet In ottFR viest. Itl de detiso sotts-bte a Iassolciaton IT oipa 'It a, acselneavn 2 A~oohinektte-e to PI,
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Inio hrd~tAU t nosena Ill nonmemosc FR -tits et 'in /de coonite 'do ent
IT selosita (t) di detiostansihile all, 2 cac,- tintoll eaottaN nptt.-c. icpt to tci.'
NE nosnotleingif)d'otitkO, dtsoteid a0030 NE f caneaa.ldlogsktitot pt
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RU te ..ot t"i yOO5 epsett 5. et/ proof inass eq en iodicting acceilometet a RU patrepthep/t opaaeaelT otel ~ ast, a dsneee inaximoi tesding acceletoinetertaecodng IU kabit ntel,
1002710035
S02 OF DE esthlonigsng-tinss tin acceptance tsoseetin Th. inspecnaogtost.) Thosa c ompntitto . ttf t Ft acceeomett tin, 'tnt to de'dn tf th. t0t Offeted is acceptale
d:itt I are that are Coire/ated lm the second O-eC tIE tolo~lolItnI OF I Aenahmeototsog it)
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ho ms of tonhiciet-ts having dimensions of RU s.ceneo..otp t-i fHE Ini,0tottn t/ItII tf
ansi/tat disotacoinot per -ct 1 te peon' om TVI aktaoite in 0-1et ITI1 collodo Intlassetntaioo siqoaed tot atcetCeti--s slong each 2 onottotin Il ptte ositof Itoe ticopat aso of the gt,, and sngctat M3 NE ontjmn1Itw.,mnd~iisiaainnt po It tin-e pt' the oount~p of ancossla. mtean lif Thp -i-nm inean Wde PO I inpotcao ttI
scstns tisnssalong/onhi ~nis of two p'ici: lshch Ic tonsittotd ssflisldcoi 2 de atnitasso.sect of the nvo tog Ohf 'ate taisod ho antson/as OE annohinbete mittteie Lohonsan III RUopceoeistnsi/
titiyt E sia )medae toabe IU kabol inbltenon
D Ib-FR dutnO It de sciOttent .- tOtaibo 10036
2 Aotwsdeiongsgos/ hwiiitncpiltM IT sis It modea estottabin acceptaece nombt o It' macm stow.
2 esttongogsoetssosnn NE asnvaa'dbste gninadtde lenst atlon- t eets ~t~sisani aOihesowtdkei It 0 da fft media sctoiliet of I
3 tHsesiotigvgsgiid'ssiabtngige RU snntestsji spegNd cos tin conchs. Of I Aonehino.h/ It,
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de ascetelacoi' 10032 ES1 n0mb/n ',t deoacepton
FR sItesWo It) doe desn sdsittt a, cstte dc cnoofable q.acte cos . O. t I t macin./sinI atcntetstion petcent defecttnn tot toe mami nonho ot. 1 idi~isitit
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df/ta ocet......so OE annehinbct Ouatitstsgionttsn "I U AprssrlbpeeClo(" HO e Ael
NE lr,ilsne/hed longesoigOe so kwadistishe ES ist tdotiOdaeltonjkh esESsetigF noeev 1mi do gatitd eclaheTVkb ls
00sP O idd lo IC. do deisa h-enbse 5. OF te-n1ctiiotoe etIi, 1 0037n Itd'do 5oeetcIT ice/to 1-t d, oa.ts cllb1 accetance pobeblifo To. sot~nnago Of
RU c.pot ii',l mobs ieoo-sonatjaate-a NE 1 g9-ens tehilkag-ensod In lnf*to ots tiket0 to he antoto whnt
ele'pt " Iceopen" 2 iernseto loiote. dt--i-i hatchedt sainotos ate subjncted In a soecti i'TU lmninnoheeste d.tatti In- aletec-,i 00 oh~el in Inm d gsa/idad a le sc.asisping pian
1002R8 RU Aonoote~a, Aoon III Ao0ftnetoocaaenei OF 1 Annahinat,scheintochketI II,Anpe noes seneo e p .s 2 Abnahininhtsheiic'keit "I
asstetfes a Amaoiit ihic' iho incod ru ab e I/obt k.doI lssns ES ptobab~Osd atI do, 5teoacinmitt a1 ata1.1-d 1nt -i//accelerate mtetten-csTV ~. .....
teastion hetnween t ttetIst and esmn 10033 FR otobstot If) d acceptsta-
tbt A sosod ng I ..te ..n t .at sedsvo tme asoerptante The act of at aottoisedinote fHE eii ("ttt tihnsats.tiattn of tubbet etabting ito t0ake 0/a/C settatis SOV Which tt'e bneleasssies fot thmgotf IT otohet./ita tI/ di acctttaiisoin a cmnc tine and ot at . OI..,ineao ot as the agrent of atothot omnetstiof0 ecitng NE gondkeoihsns
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,S 3 ouItsiosbstenio "' peftac 1 ttn e tt atic oh Poll of Iet's U 'kanot Ot1tti9i
ES atoletado' 003RT c...Of ; Annattin It annoocancepcodste Ine oc"cess of basn
IT cc.e,.,tote,. ES 5c~p"nI~t f)i t toti of samp/esit plofoe.d I.,
Figure 7-1 -- Sample Dlefinitions and Translations Page
FR side (II a Its navigationl a cote distance
: d o 0264 inill,~e n
15880 a~eI)a ne410aCl1 10766 ed 5859.nSaI)n*CCe hfl
41.140( 1i3226 elgnanaenl -ll~107C * 10960 n,- If'I
14754 ad. f e 1. p~nl*ll 146.I.~50 16115i 6m I Clneo
10558*dse / wtn' 11035 fIn.lIo ad) *l11- 122 o "n5 n) f"'.
114827 eid.: PI1 ph I -11*1113009 13 12 5 eneosooIf; pal 41*014 11543 an,-%ctem14lin -1 do mPliOn
17260 *4II16805 allies (ir' I14 e1)0p)105 ' 1
3563 (f1 Ml~~~~l~ n~~ 734 £140, -Ibi rIOC ~ 17369 enio04*1
117 Od1 blso 13783 aloo (f) rotilinnii*l.e do10 .701
11983 a.1. it) do.a00,4' Kermenl 1903 enol0l0I'1)
1133 3 aito (1I dea" "'n"ne.o1,73
1214 ao lldobh441*10400 el~ol, ) 1013 emor'oomnl n,) O "oOu,1
16564 adte III it~l.Io128aI.eI, p.*pedeI ,np 19 onltf,11ll
1196 4 I se CaCO5Al 14 I~g i)Cyrnn 11743 emohts.,n I-e) do C~uk~mb
09 aleo III en 84enS 17099 omeconn n,) doo .SaoS
i 2929 eI/.age In,) 4d00o 6 3Pir1B3 anmonisesmnn In-, hilrocn-I
1329512 ale I'll 11114 .1l.ago In, d. Coinnl en bioryII.n 16860 no71oII)
14381 ad.e 00) n M 14456 allege In,) non *.,obill Per 11611160 16045 an,= -~s~u (I
11717 7all. IVI en v et renen 11602 ainitlttoul (I~
11286 ele 1ntal'4055 m1.60 n p/il*~ ponl do fel-n 11083 mn,-uoo 107 p010
12481 ,eIIoocel 68 a'lage In, uI) en t0 n,, 187 b o.:~n I, 4de eh-nv
10157 sI, -I el~ne 141 ::,sge In=/ 0nOe 57 ,11150 md a
12033 edo I .ning 10450 .15.0.. I-, P) itlr~r 10961 nlo~, 1-) . 1j-"
14552 aI I91ia !6el 3009E3 slaen,, pII fusible. 10460 en,.Sa1-
161 -o40 n, left.e 13294 all-Saes Ifm PO l~elela'I nhalen' 11018 erphloe In,1 coon".
14814 ~ ~ 1)r slro lois acl 01 lo~ nt In,' 10461 :mpl,1
0e II
17000 ::Wrp ;0952 4ogil fne)draIdob
15481 elern ..)-eetal"l*1
dgo o.1952 .llongemenl I-) do PaloS ;5307 amplitude fl) do cointar
2564e~lern ml ewrne13971 ellogemfenl In,) doe soo~e 0483en1'fa l
12824 a,1rnI,- ,g 12293 .llonipannt"In) -cec 12705oof I)ptaentIn
12821 .1600In, n'-dn . 10396 ellO1roPeII) 12045 anal."I Iemn 4,lernenlI4
15661 5,/en I, n,) oldioo 13570 eli,cg n) 00 -ol 10464 ..antIl-luC
156 1,:'o n6433 ellom~ge m) psoer 741 od6 16034 ecaeI,0210 a,4roes In, 01l 13482 elluoul In)157(nml ol a oP
10545 * 1-40 1)p .n,-lncal 16751 eOufr tIr 7nrC 10468 esnainograiP" In,
12965 e 1rotI, p") a." loal I D406 ("'cnarl n) I10469 enalmontil In,)
I 2043 (lro n, pl) dfileefl.l 15469 *.l... -I re nparaible 0350 anemmerr In,
12965 ,,1.,.n. (In. PO Fr's. 15604 aslu.tion IIf) ... r-101- 13391 aonne1.4In) S S 0.00
1616 eleron soner Inl, eie Selnt 0le. 10420 al (-r n) 13859 nmomeni ImI ale.
168 ,14o m s"" rl 44 annimfinn 1000 1, eInrrtts In,) at.o.o 1 0317 :%nonO, In,) p.orttld
16170 cr11. In)s.I40' 6p(hydOia- 10833 oIllletn I), Scrn11lt1 r80 ng4In/ quIr
124 a ml;o In)alW 09 e17,flalre In,) 5O'.IoCirC 13112 cng14 In,). aun Wmer duussn
2;4 ne In,'13elmtr m 13571 ling In) d Ol~s
17 14 Ill 5od 121 naptolll /radar 2 752 sW1 m o aln~r18412 . 0 If euprolloo 16071 elneleIm onr 13902 ringl (ml do0, 4*770d0vo0u
176 1 I 102 e:rora t111- 16811 *.1 In)d 1,4 ot
112 mille IV ---- ul0423 1 14611 118 angl I/ do brec u go"~ nt
66 *1.4 ft7 d -n-1le 12391 altitude I(1 10206 cr41 n,) 44d 804.4440
to/4 II9oqot 10008 attitude (1) ab-lu. 15634 angle In,) d4 W-09*" do Is 9oonr--
1107 *10 tfI di4 .flr..nr04a7f0 altitude WI eoI~ll~ do 411.110
186522 e,. 11, - onto0I 1174 attitude IN1 C.Sb. 12394 angle, In,) d17 51.W0464)0 proodio
128 . ell. (f) 001*016 1189 ;1,11 1 71.- 12398 awl I, 44 bre-"g delon1240' 1 -) d 1179 eude (f) 00111006 16501 angle Zn do wred,,g. do vole
7
i17ia all InZd ,oal.aO77lCI1 11840 cl1.. f)doOrebr 0 0nponnleu
5282 erm n~oo 141 td110. 171 /0104.u In,)) do -.- lel 704 ngle I) d4 -. *4 d4 I. Pike
150918 alnu 10118 01111044e Il/doc ieroido 11574 aingle fin do coo"
T659 sMre 11).004 2204 81110. IG/do 197's" 12049 angle (I, 4. C op don drfliuaol
13580O alle (1) /*pp-inqi -~ts 11988 .1muds, ff) 44nneelqie 1 '16 agl. (Ill) d40007407
1330 7 111 7I , -sg2466 .lt~ode 1 i udi1151 11771 eegle Int) 44 orbf
13:30 1161 5101a4 5314 eilIlude If/do retatllsaean't a1 10483 o-94e In, d dlee-, Ides141 4lt it I'
f02860 err ;1 d4 n~oo4d 4.77008/ 15666 *161048d (r; 44 kn'at 10491 aingle IntI d4 448*61000 -1. I haul Ide.
14142 -101 a ,040.- 63 W( ounI--sdil
14531 are' Oft -I- ssoraIre a.35 23 attitude III 0419044e 10480 nSfml In,) do dilpils-0-
1. " e) o-- ,142 82 ::,,::u" "II mi:nmale do 50001114 10488 ingio (mn) 6d 44fl"g
0511 or11 4 1*00000ni~o. 14277.001 ) mlo ( n/u17l do 041 12179 *0414. ImI 44.7104n
,3 . 260W 7 )/d olIna'nlnt 153 14 8/,7tuill Inf) ,ron,.n~le 2 6 n*fl .de'
1689: alle I) do -0/ 12482 *1111*00 11oy. w e gomeel 296*44I,)ted*te190
1896 : *.,n mn aftitde 1500 .l"', 1) o..o 18488 *ing81 /77)4 91"041111.0ea
14891 e.. )I Pola-ta 16028 u.noatf e1l04~ 0e11/188ege0/4
798 oIr)p*4413528 attitude4 (1) pleSO I-ldrQ05 12323 aingle (n,~ 411 X_
:887 al. In,) 110610 162t2 attitude 4111(84*,- 17295 og I-) do loal
1;89 OteaeI/Io4534 attitu~de I0) simonl 13886 aingto In,) do 1.n-0.070i:8 nt lad6887 altitude (1 0.4 14073 angle (m) d4 14*06
12882 f-)*4 alineW, 10448 eI (-),00 ImIS 78880 *0 f ml 44 melntl*
o0427 *1an6000I/) d4attitude 0449 511057r*105. (m) 13604 anVgle i nt) eas6 i400/
0428 elceiof III dt 1tdo6 10461 1lo ,n*4 118 (mljd a.coas
16S290 *14.7,7l. 13185 410014 In,) do "0707 SoIf8 ~geI, opscnI~
10761 .1,4*46s (1) 11299 emareg In,) o 1476 3093 *0414 (m' do %)I-- 1d4 domaeOI'
Figure 7 2 -- French Index
AO
NE afdliclitngsmiddei In)
:5743 afd orhrngaasr-da/fe i 13879 natomp 10470 onetoot baromal.,15743 ald~cobsmdal (nt) 15898 lettrin 04 71 . o a ultSJ.
1911 a~igdfnnea183.a-r0489 olrnetloreadadhars1615agased.arorel 195 a-dl,t lkaierl~ik. ns (par vli cd.,ri 00 nse~tnl
11872 algebrokan ketrrng 135eerrgdo xes.151aronrt175 atgb"*-lw landing 10502 ana-rnV lanna in)
:2084 :f.&k nai 17184 el-rnta. :0503 .. Wloi15747 algdrotl oedg belaconng 10203 ag- ~ 1046 Wniaresli'pnm
120 algeo: rorneeclrerstok In) 10280 SIr data comtnoer 1130 nkenaba eaeno
11416 algeko. oungel 10058 nkoestrch. braking 14336 ank.risgel
1 I8 afgelgd. afelard t.1 otnenden 10051 eako. dwr. 11300 eonkarlrer labelf2003 a1gelsind. nlem.et* 10052 aknniet-e sorreae 14337 :.krpo /
16718 afwgerild onnforo Schruler slinogsng 106 akorandr.ch trIliog 4338 a M.1nr
1581 &-,an 105 ak-~sf t gkrut 10513 arrrtah brleen
1642: enog072aradenoeo66: aoodrsclna ocrrang:42 afistrrteriuo n) r 10073 elitis d-=loeerde ga/ardIng 0512 ..o. clre. eg17243 aolngnde107argmnn(a/10511 anodr-h rehngrin1954 alerdrngwdol mI 10067 aklrainton Ipli 05 14 anodrereo,613 alnea~srrske Inj 1'67 2 arekiren Ii/ :0s6 a noer14742 a/nlsare laag 18083 aktrsraio;0516 A N radio range
10300 AFR :5275 akl..:r.di't 0o5I7anen157: alregean cootori ahui., uiingang :3509 akhriturb-. 10105 anlnn1038117 are"g'.ing ;:00 70 hre.dldrrg175 enannasni)
6808 afolen 07 abon. gexljg 10520 an:i coagulanr in)2754 alroaden :0068 akleo* gron: (Igo 10522 antrcvcio gone..141462 efenheimnn 1 0074 ak;reos redondanlin 10523 ant..vclOy.e
1615 af-hrrWarn :0075 sklrn r-narwlweliol 524arlrcycloon (ho. drukgas.rt:5204 tsolrn.khardin : 0068 Wk-11a.o 10532 en:, d o in )15205 alsc rrkkan 11500 akl-rn, van all. aohrelstoion met ae, :0533 an:, ozonn i:287 2 fashnkken in materdarnl konrrand :044 Untp.ata
:5845 a.sclro4b..ok 10382 alarnarngsdrnnelosrlnng :0535 anl ritasl4 fthf,.ng15334 alr/os10517 an,Ir lre. gn
:584 alsftclrrsredn 15335 aleimposira 10542 n-mnerchelor
12741 alnlcan;0381 lciarl i :3011 : anlimneblnrgsltre n) 0
:6 704 :llorler, 0409 aVa Cellulose 10527 ao r (01
116;5 omeltllklrnde :4 1 elaraa1 n 10518 entromatra
:302: anard 10383.1 robr (ntmf :5468 antcocrdonNoang.r
11498 atsrardbd,-r.nrg :081~dramnnn 0662 a-nlprekensoslaem 101
731700 altandlroudera /V :305 egrnean luclekee i 15393 aW.rrdr.k aMnar..d. ortwr.lrrog
121 12 al landmeelan...r..ur (DM11 1:644 algen nerlr....sgetoed i 12128 aperrok tmoenda rltqkmng:8714 alf:andn/oo door brelrrg :0576 aig.nean oekeerslsdrrgbcenror f0i 1050 aPOgeom W0
15523 a:tatre :3056 elgemane lochrroar 1051 iogrnrr
15521 a' rrr 1058 algrnteon oekear1ie.0rng :055 2 aipogeum rakelnrolor12865 afdlal:rg :0389 akvrlrassn i1/nI :446: a1o8iar:52 blilnd :088ekrdkontnlffen in/i 13199 afparel,,r in gelerrlrngrolalror
14948 saurnostrcr :0403 aletrlalr(n, :489: ar :ches lchr
14946 el worntestand ;0396 ailolropr :0561 ar..ana.gbe
1098 ahplocrr 0405 :%nfrr :- 0588 armInrgrandelmigssydwe (ni:17 lalChl ,oo 13boelu 100 (yknlrle ,:90 arm Orengeel fi
15706 N.ate :0407 alocror :0589 arornanoorr branderol
1:1 45 dela :040 a o 105 98 ar,kulrer.nd..:0:9aft 1'en 137 ala ounar Cerrcto:608 A scboror Wr
10200 SF1 Nrerro.n i :0418 alenarreo N-ohisndwra :5290 nsoiekr
:016o :hera nt~a door do bucr 10.14 eIterendnplme 1529alktsacprt:3880 a1ue 04:9 a Olaro -reho d-uraiglred :6:0 agehalle in)
: 2322 afoiure (hal) :54: cmuu aI.braho ;uergd0288 ASMI
15762 aNoohandgren beoettgd an de 0449 allrus10745 as sommr.,chten045 aluminarso :062: A stdum (,I)
12594 efvrrurhandgre-n mar geatchs 0451 almnrsirmr0622 notro1hog:.
12595 aN- rmechanrmm i me: ieatrhr 0450 alm lagerngn '/nI :0625 a ..onur
:2593 aN.-rh-hem~olte :45: a;rlr gnrch 1 huh: 110 1115120 wororeor, deskuodgot:20 a:50 alrilig workend baokern) 1 0633 neroomdraa'oh fnI
a227 :. ptrar. tn14573 eadratred dohkii(10629 anrroromradr breaisr
:3169 doom/rare lank :4572 nlrr:,,:dr warkeod radrobasketn fi :6:aroorneSeder
13165 eternbar uthdank :456 A2 rra Epheeri :0626 anrrrro chkde
120 a'neoe 5:t p ~hueak1058 Aminregtrno031:tr-sc.b-hr4003 1afine e g asah 1040 amr1nigogIn0621 asrorrmrsche dog0c
(209 3 te-ro (2822 amibrhrelegg fr W -1 driinoer :06219 antrorrrnsche langre:2204 afinerorroogtoe 10451 amohr :0630 nsrr~cemerdisa
12205 atate rroogle 1045 nirk-nsIlflofail? :P10632esrnrmafunernlaadk~-1 :0459 nrmia*nrring 16926 atn~ero
10283 ' ladI15862 am.rrrsnrk-,dr In 1 4429 an ra t innirniak12208 af..irool10461 emoltude (0427 la, ken l. koserolfdlnk'5429 afmernnurr in) :0462 OMVER snerr In):2209 a.1_p"'~n l0464 arametrcI 1(1149 as itrrhn( 208 6 afonrh~ng :562 1 arderhaildnkknr :0152 arrnrr1 202 2 alatrking :0468 .tmogrfl :0636 ... rer~sh lrnr
Figure 7- 3 -- Dlutch index
27
DE Aowasflerprobung If)I
1 2206 Abmnfl wmn It) 18083 Aktuanamd.. Inn) 1066 Anflugla In. po)12204 Ab-wf^bh* i 15275 AS ,una~adut fm/) 0589 An&4t~ic. 1I)12201 Abwuflank Iml)10068 Aikiunalan fen 1068 Anflugifoag It13768 Abwnath in) 10010 aitn Oatndwung In) 10640 AflfuMba 1)12208 Ahwarfnacnd (.1 107 'WL n14009 Anl%,mgtmnM- .110668 Abaw 6A 01101suILkn 1 10658 An%gh. ft. jW1171 Atnap~l If) W,~ Kabn*Anucna.tl.wn 10074 skunme Rowamz hi) 10238 Anf~op~iagtaboonn" It)14746 Ataxig fm) tox Faogeac htpcobwhung 10072 aitnea Z*aWuchmn In) 10663 Anthkonnoldnas fmt12684 Atanupgn (") am Goacliwnnchutz 10073 stun. Zm~mchlonklurg INl 10161 AnfliigknapuN if)1 6877 Abatugalau (t) 10068 Ahkjntut, . fiI 10642 Anftigkannolfea (I1867 Ah.ug nng ft) 10062 skususocl, Aussabiohung 111 0662 Anhbauliilaarsgtit In)15162 Abzngssuw n(mtoll. )105 .&usact. Onlpaniapn 11j 11761 Anhgkufsao Inn)16762 Abanpanuhck Mj) 10060 akuu-wd. Sch-rnnn ft) 10646 1nt.a~a~n~aj~f i)1 0162 Avhsnsraatang (11 16071 atusbucta Enhado in 1648 An""u IMn . tm ,an-nalan14660 Actal In)8suslc"M~u ~ ftaxdaflnun183892 Adcwunw (m,) I06 ataucn nmnpmq 06 A.%g.kw. (m)1628 AcW.arnunu (m]) 0068 stnuslan Setun In) 0964 Anraugmcsw iW,10063 Ac~yhmx. In. Af) 10382 Alaemdmonst (m) 17117 Anflisgntnkolann~oonlags (t)
1006 Anuhara n. I 6871 Alauflaluta 111 1014 Anb -mn*anzaW fen)10068 Acrvfh n ,Btda-~rl of1028 1 Aldural In) 00 annk(mKopolvn'Onsa In) 10382 Alfm- Kalocdnlka In% ofl 11016 angatoa lap (1I)
10278 A , V 0384 Altnwd-Shldldnanunn. if) 6443 Vs.iwktw Auqtalrgammdr In10062 Adaia. (1.) 10388 Atycna Ilk o) 3048 angaonktia Nd/mud., Int10083 Wdapmn Ragamwig M, 10288 AI6yO-Kuntlo/. Iftn ph) 13628 ang-..~ 0ncIAdho It)10063 adapunns Staonn (t) 16066 AIWwamnt/za it) 13622 angn..gw lEqgang"arnrdkan fin1 006 Atldukto In) 13066 allgann-a Lu/I/a/n ifI) 3622 angwe.g" PalnI (0)0067 Az/dukt-Kaulacnhu (nm 911 13066 *If.lat Lutfrt*4A, 'n) 3633 anganmgin Plug/mi'. /V
1008)3 adiab.c , Stmimung W 13057 Iall"-, Wonimutamtil If) 3626 angm..g, Maecmah/l if)2067 adm,.*snosfokmnrss funtoa styn In) 0386 Aluornm M 2624 angoaaogw dmmuha Druck IW,00665 dannaaua Funkauauynr. in 10403 Allmatlm/' ugmug In) 10387 Angmu/w nA
10100 Acdnakbonlti) 0405 Allvu/,sr in) 18186 APquss101i01 Adnatuunnntml In,) f0406 Almukasnw 1-i 10488 An.n/nm-dhydhfn IN1 1328 Aandarung ij 0412 Alpha- Emns-Wmnk.I (w 0600 Ai'sowa .uh ik if)
2488 Aaq.Pwuhua/tc/a ft. WI/ 10411 Alp/s,aasa In 0601 ANwatrj~gt MI12410 Aequmpaltma///cha (11 10409 Alphavlllnse it) 0602 ananun/la Lammal In)
2473 Awgua#mW./,d~mi 1.) 11466 a1. R. lwgkabna anaa/alool I 063 An~,.oa II10106 Aeruanl/uuna It fu'rmwm I 8268 AO6.rxchw. 117
01 0 Ailu66,umuk In) .14 altammarndos Kupulya IN 0468 Anitarni .II)011 2 Asrubu/ngm M7 0202 Afln/ WI Alla- In 1 1300 Awaorma In)
10113 AlicnnaM in) 0446 Anuc ug In,) 11300 Ankanla. In10148 Aarxdyn In) 0448 AItnkuu In,) 2874 arlkhappbar. BSaon In)
0136 aarodvnnmmatma Auffamaug I0 0449 AIlnntratua in,) 0516 AN KuMfnlhwin ini10134 Wudy-namh.m Oimonpf9 10 0461 Alumminwnra In) 10606 A NL10162 awodynammsd. Fl/mci. 0460 Alunnumlniqnn ft, pIl 0604 Aulaaan In)10142 aaled'1 ma.sch. Fl/md. In) 4460 an.annwhdio Slat) (-1 2178 AnJolain In)
0138 aarndynowach PuruaxijI If 10942 Am. Il) tug.x 662 Anlasat In0128 aardynem . Auug/acl, (m) 10466 Arnoncmn Evhainvenn INf 7228 Aniaaaun lo) mt Kre tixoa//uarsc,uaa mn0133 aarndynarnsxdlar Oani (n,) 10467 A-mmann In) M~Aaaf. am0126 aarudynomnauha, F/xlkdeor Wm 0466 Am-np/alaIn.t in, 8 1247 Anlaxaarganwratm In')
10143 wdynaucmar Koujanalrmtan Wn, 0469 Anwn,ak.napnung (t) 3608 Antls mn) mix Scimnappa.10145 amdyneadscaa Luti/ainnag Wn 11018 Amu/mitmnlubOcot (I i Wo62 Ant.nakraisiouN onwatlan1 0154 aamdysnm.ucn Pin0) In 0460 Amnph-itnipegu in) 13390 Anl..aaautarvzu It)0141 aarxdynamudha Sla.Sgka (ft 0460 Amo/mit-lankilara IN 11036 Anlanxaundspui. int
10144 aa~udynammach. Vandung in/ 0461 AmpmI f/ in17168 Anlaulnat IN1 0130 aavaynn-uc/m W.c/m.ung 111 (0462 AMVER -4I IN 0618 A-N Latlaua/itunkloat In0147 nrn.manahaa Aualup an in) 0463 Anana ien) W 3802 Aniankbulnan In,)W0148 Annu. astiaw in) T917 AnaIO0tW~aln.alzng M) 0860 Inlnagand. Shnnn-t in)0150 Aarntmphyznn I.) 16187 An.."-0.908aIUmmaMndl.ng in1 3160 an Mas ar,0157 aarmmuklnn,, Flugal in'1 2705 AnalYse Ill m instoixn Elamanlan 10033 Annamm In)
I 0166 Aennlagaton fi 0464 anmlnm10041 Anna/mmaaprntuna 1M10159 Awr/ng. in) 10466 aanact .aW/mln Intnmma ,unon 1 4688 Anna/mmuiknlinm III0164 aafunausche Ln Koin 16(Yf/ 145901 Annahnoatnninm Mt0175 AunnuaIf) 10043 Ataniganir In. oil 0034 Anna/moirn in,, p/
016 Amuauran n 0044 Antaugaaeouba in) 10035 Anna/mmapai/ug It)017 Aann1ai 2400 Antuadga/m.) 104in)h -uhpoopufo m017: AamO~n- M 4838 Anmngg/nmlin IW) 00An/m-lm/rtnm ~nI'0 = -O 6827 Anda, ,altdcaca, in.) 0038 A-ninnnms/nn IN0182 Aaouna Syutan In) 10469 Anainnn'xa In) 10037 Anna/mmen'anc/an'ctau: in/
IWO8 A it)mn,, In13829 anarkanntar Prula, in') fur Lu 1 alnlgra 6073 Annahrm.h ,ch-alwc/kn1 it)088A.r,~a In)S 744 Anarud in/ 0038 Annama/m i/I
1 016 Aertmammalaxta-i in 1 0470 Ananibarnmatir IN 11158 Anhnamaaa /i10177 Aamuts if) mocha 11260 Anla/mrbts l W 0031 annam/mm null"ar Latenadaca I036514 A al/ma In') 16248 Anfamra o In') 100J32 nna ,mt.,a Ouaktalnganalag if)0191 a/fino oonnt-n in) 3678 Antungumnlug in') 0614 anuacra Ouydaln iM(0686 AGACS 36 A~i.u~- h I') 10%11 anudmcm Rnnuu In)0203 Agna in) 3693 Antangal"xar Wn' 166F61 andacma Sc/rui IW
T0OM An, Almaac In) 0667 An/lu in) 0513 a.docchas Bowen In)10064 Akr I/mautschuka (n. P/1 12111 An/ ug-OME in1 012 audeacma Scmicht (iI
Figure 7-4 -- Germoan Index
28
HE .ip~&7 ~12133 dfO 1''' iI0~1
I02 Iipn& II 0340 1D n.'~l~ 12081 Mno'.I) ~10233 fpn
6 150Th aw.60.. Wi (04..I 13614 6.0.0 In) ..... dn~
10179 O..p.AO I 10375 ~ond~*I9 14876 w~.~n OM piD4*hnn
13666 "). .4,nAnn Mitl. mXP16 16203 14p' l~i1299 d"np'ww . Iti O ..~ IIlP
12624 W1pAnO'M &n A- nP* 14806 6ll-aP 1 Iil'l"pO" I sa iw.w*~ In) a.'~ ",_4
1 1200 W.'.nM Ktnnmpv t60os to 11) -,i. 13860 (n~ . I,v Aap.5
17090 .... pli~ 10152 4.prom4 If) 12726 d~.. Wn -- at'6nOU
il nA.nM ~*)1340 d.P4061V 1 inn I6651
1 3811 'M.pO.nXd 1.I twlp 10327 M~p n1P~ ~0044 A 1." In. DI16546 WMn~'1M ~I 14530 di-P-0MP44lill 1 ' 10043 np Opw~ini 0I. PO)
11162 WM~n4
W11. ln*1I.n 13766 A.PolvioaPl 1-) 16679 '4f
11104 pwo Imp.AP r"w Ni. 10234 41p''.lnT 16244 d-,',,, (" -I *nPR l II
11939 ~'P~ ,"~ n~*n" 13691 djt.,.m Ift) 4fa--I)n' )o*m6,n m '
13066 .p ,n101 4076 aiMW~a~ -i1111 WI -OP. p.4o.
11266 4,,p-\-aO (1) P. 10764 Oi.60D,. MI 664-YRO11 OIP"6Pq-lP IS241 d-m-in P-n4li (f)
,4 111 dpo.O1 (0I1nP ~y~O 10717 4.,oco. 140100-6111-6-11"., (f) I1S243 d .,.... it 4-A-114 (-VI
1024 IIpA n/ 1 0713 P4i~o4.l WI 124 '600--m nt n I PO
10726 MfnP 1042 ioizs d0pnii' Wi 14-~n 1237 AwnMlipPlnP M~
10321 It)"~ 10766 ionini5p' 1,)11236 d-~4( -PP( I1)
1 033; &~pgo'.4 4,08iP* MI 10762 cj'P~ .6010 1-,) 16235 dAn, 'zi Im)
10339 dnjp...p-? #,\If (1) 10761 4,00. ni o .nIo IWn 1276 -i,. MV np~P
10342 .pnP'II.'1'" 10764 4fPoiEol f.pnyn)m 16063 d-k (1 Illiib8n
1 0221 atrw~.,Inxip'ln1 (I 12401 dilp (-'I cid'l, M17) 11231 6-~i, (1) -- W,0004 'Alx"
1 0314 d.~n~iIV #-Pli' loose d~ Mn dfemf 142 .n-j, M/ A,-.
10729 ~,~n.' P~ 104 ii, I) Of~~t 1 5615 dtiSi (11fP
1011 oP~l'P''lI~i~~nV, I) 1161$ d6.;o Wm 16940 dMnn If) fpP.0if
1 0730 d.O-',.'I Ilo 1186 4n.O... SO' ... o" P$4 -- # ( 14740 6"ni, 11) 105fli'
10727 d.pn,nP.-8 -PI-f 11 1 1657 .nepo'.n.0 V III 13906 .i (V) 6OiA0n .0"'fookiin
'03S7 d' nnr..4 *If) 11964 .1 Ppnonmi' .0nnAO- M/1 17184 dipP0a IN
10731 & 0..P'.4 N11 14017 Z.np~~I- ,A-.804"X'O) If)
10236 .o.n. '.6, 9 I 16027 .X~pi),A9 If) 10411 dX6A~. I'-I P-xi
1 0725 W~''~ 12614 .040nj 1-) 1 2196 dmi.1p0Xov wn
I1719s ~00~~ 10361 A'.).6 Inpqpnl 16279 e.APeX.. AsPil (f)
026dp-rp . s) o n 1260o'~ (0I 14687 1 1 ix(~ 10 ....
0611 6164 n~AO1(ft 6i 0411.riP. 12407 dAJi-- 1 l I -.ndI
10343 onpPI-6 401n 11 11660 Iih ' a) I7.n17
0 If) 10636 nin~ Id~Pph'0'
10237 6.nP n W 15901 aUIn d~~ .... lP It",) '1071 dn.m.nO I5n4'n
1 0297 pnn-n4mn In) 190 iA~pOIn 13209 WIn.o MI 4., l.
1 6522 d.1 1
o.nO*n I d... .0pan 12604 i,. In1) dpni'16358 dAji-wlt' fin) nm4t
14811 n,p-n~oI I-l X1~ A"'.o 6402 .41i. fiRP-1nnn1 (1I 165490 dX.ji-n.Mn- IW .jnlnn
1 6309 .ilpnn-n4If f-) RAUl (130i~P~ tI) 166 s" 1'M II.~~ 4 .
1361 ,pn..P. M 6,tAn"I,,,,~t.( 16360 clixs'l III 611-0lIl 11941 Win~n (I-OP-4D .. 'n
$05t ~ ~ 12761 Mi~)l~ 1I 16200 d~1. IN) 10-10#6a
,0613 ,p~n0 I I,~n 13629 1,1O' nm16- MI 12196 dAlfinn..l1OV I) 0-Ill.n1
10266 dw-innP l W~~, 0' 12467 nipoIn) 167664 dAn nlO .... 1 nn
I0dPO , n (,In~AP9) 167 nSo i10648 n.All.'no1n IW -- Punqn
14727 dnpn-ninPI I -60-n bo."o 13404 dnmo I) 16513 dA~n.~.IN pi nOUX-t
1 0613 (W 00-4-l flw 16896 M.0b ci~o~l apn.na*' In) 13314 d.Ji-- (1nI MIt Vp~pm.X1fId
1714a Wio.~nM K/BA1t 10673 -m/ Mori0 -zn In)5 dAnpi.Ipbnno'w
16:716 .n~p-annn In) nAntMI Pn66'#o &Mnf 10901 6hjinnnnn In) p., 4,n-nn
16366 6:0-na~n I.. 4" ,pn~ W I "~ 10069 n'nfn."i 6,60An.I (f)
16654 .ipo.nM pIi -A,.6.0 IA'.. 10061 .,n" nop (I) 11069 jA jin00 I.... (. .
167 ipndn I10063 ni-- M--1 M 13632 dAjinn!,-O In -1611'nn .*,.oIi
P67 ,n . , 10062 d..-0a~ 1-014~~ /V
*A 10064 .. n.lj If).t~ 1016 X.oi~ n PI~~17042 i,p ... rln, In) nmiftA.oplnI 00 nnn.' lown~' 111 147:0 jA jivr-o. In) nPo0~noA
100"Io67 nn.nO'A..nn In) 166768A~n'.5 In) ,pr,6np-w
142989 1 ..,o.4n In) Wn 011iP-O 10059 d *tnV MpM In) 16610 dAF,,ln, In) Id"-0p
,pn.h 1 -nn ,.,0"40P0 1069 nit~ po6..*PMV Wm 12724 "o.in.,nnn~ FIST
1 0403 1-)/nnI(l~'i~ nw 16732 111~ nnn~, 12573 *dAlt--I5 W/ *.nlo. 007-.14W
16334 dpo~arnq IW m~nIn~ 12420 dnnn~n t) f 2941f njAta.i, In) rV.P050vi
A$.rnoan 12768 ain nnYniA?.nl I) 6
10303 d~p-APW-A j.~ vX,4 (.1i MI*j*
103S4 1i.nn~n n) 11209 ainpanan nM/ In1ninn 12710 aAtfi.-POS
10351 i,,pnDa1 ml imn ,WnIk,.' 16739 aipnan ni,a1
n,) 168j~I ~n n
13799 njp ...... 6 non 12582 a.pa, wapi If pO) 16991 ihoit,~ dona,(1I)
109 1611W14965 ainpiOaan II) l6896 i,\no*~ 6,6-1,5P0 WI
10186 n~po~nlnt MI10046 di11 pi" 110111' 16990 ai'Anpi~' q PiII Sn(.P"Vwyl
toots d,p6--tln In) 10ll, nnpn11.nnd (a oilnn~nnn
(0621 I) 10062 dnp4In.,l*tI0q 18891 aalln'." I/) IWAn.,0I
104s 16 0 ......nln In) )-d/ IVAann.. 14606 ipinO n W66 eggs~ l d n/njf l (If) d~p.. TAS
14634 depn~nninof In) waPinnn.P'n*'.l 117 Ioaip6o In) '.POMIO. 10427 dAn (ninI) 00..
I10 aipinOnn In) 11041taiS nnnEP'lt 11131 w~~n. In).0,.n
10852 titpaiamor IN 6pailwaro 16967 annpnDiP"O Wn 6a.A*' pni, 10426 6A.6A/.0~ WV V0.Sn
Figure 7-5 G- reek index
'5~
29
IT seroponto (M)
10330 sairogavls W 1 3087 aletse If. Pill 1 5148 sam.:, (mi) im.pla.I19 tO tapcaewor I.) d. petuMa 1178 sel.if Mp/i delft topponslura 10001 h~imlr (mi seaclto1 0132 aroa~ (Inl) tools belnole Inm) a Sorts a hosre 15009 elliomei (ml) barornemiv10207 saececvs f01 IWSoetis(n eu 10933 alitimr I ml berenei1 0133 ase~iaf)1 16167 &lft-i In) aftlsae d-torv 11173 elIn-to I. canem10154 anop 1t (l147) 168 alamr (i)d. prtosin.:01go aervelto (mi I53= *oindnr Im) regisVnfial4ovo1013 noameaniit 1 70 llw(la.ae'cneune 16071 Wlmeor (mlni)10379 ainnio (1) :6166 aleatione.)~ ditfloto 17095 alinatma froltinme (Vi:6430 aolith: ff1 IN:2564 eaxn (IM) eulens 10423 atiludi.- f;12580 eflldlahu ff1 sntrepoa 12824 alenovea (ml) flisnavie 10008 6 iuiei)ealt14540 wfldldedti f)1 Ovavt 12661 elataun I.l guide 10 etilud. MI bs lrica10I ."dM t ' 1 alt 12740 elalnnei M (l.prnaenleos. 11519 abl.dit M e -0157 affidieomo (il a 15481 al."atln m rlel 111795 .dtdme IV1 cin"1 7316 sfinauiove;(1 f10 -t .acahnal :566 eleltoven fm) n~orlo IS: t mrtdiii (m allwOu1 4488 e11deal 11 o(t Vdi d16811 alllonidre if)f1lin ON. naotliI termial 10210 latom (mt Pi
1 12692 :,hluin - II di arlt no tine..
14873 foeliis m10545 aWt-t e psi anl.imbairdela 11174 alidine f(Id ctiva12734 agaIn.) Om .ed pevzr di -i
4 1 2043 ill~,a (m, P#i ditreiitiall 11640 allitudive MI di crutier
:0537 agale fIel wlebwit 12965 alotlmi f(m. P/i Fits 11938 altitudina IVi di delitit11768 Watn (mid. littppomntl 13090 hliet. Wm IscIa afftudine (idi piettail14345 agas (mi d. distecto dell etaiii 13448 lIes I- alproonv152 liudv f i rnineidct
16422 agte (m cid. 14612 ainle(m orbital. 16830 alliludina (lid. leiiin
15416 agent. ms ittnr 1683 afert iml riil 14282 lIludliv)f m.-me d. iuin
918 gee(lvlunaoe185el.fn S 14271 ahiuia IN minima d, no14017 agacenno(l13026 allrin F.) do] tiltove.tl 15212 allildine (1) eds,
14652 aggate m 10863 ete .)oe m batic d- -v's 15934 eaitud~if) s(iamulae15392 aggvelaimento f-) d. leas stluimilal 16687 ehiudine (1) .vei
11029 gIlan 16329 allevItr Im) di 1olctzoi 0448 eouuoImi12949 agilt (0 d. lreqtienzar 0387 afti nvi ;m 3329 ate plmil fin):0922 geore (m) d, Sanbuny :226 : liiemntvo (ml CO 8iruso a : 8 0449 aleit m16010 egrltmn f)1 a aibeltinti, 13581 aillineameriloimW initia. ela ticl 1592 able (1f17260 I eta f Igra o 1248 ambienle Im)
13583 Asl/ liiacanais nfimi. :2487 allitene"Iito (m ell1ericl 15859 eimbevte (ml a nis d. aii11333 Wl. If) canal. IIIrvni-p. 11660 einbiena (m.)vroil:1982 ala, f1 a dolla :0388 ellstm IN1 :787 mbuinla 1mi d, no12143 ale f1 dopon dotlas 10451 ellinmvalure ff1 10455 eiguiti MI15289 ea (li effmfl dm..ic- :G12 elliingemanlo fin) 12122 ansarggic tml toualo:0595 eta It) a henna :0952 1.gvin~ -wml- dolls pal...t :2:20umaa13212 ala If a gaen loiad MIf 13971 etluvge.mentv Iml dolls tun, d. 12121 e -necr cvanlicoo tle.i.e.ra:438: ala (,ie M nvlievc15870 ammvr~tnir (.mlov~w)10687 ala MI a portent. anieeta a gain :2293 atugmtv(lpfeletin 1 6045 emmoilizzeore im/ diirai
12033 ea. (tie rombo 1 0406 elmucanler 11902 ammeltlve fml d. nibriinn:5967 ala m' 1 33: alte altitudma ff1 14561 emimoinalvre l ~pnnama~iii_17286 ala 1(1iaW 133 1 ela Telei (1) wlocopic1:790 eta ("1 rnevl16172 eerioef1anli11134 emmsilnelvr (in. A/f di lerm (p/f1248: ala it d, monciplane eoiait :330:1~ n (i 14357 e multi mslii10157 ala Iff1 ndine 10424 aliana (i feetrwonint 10961 emvrtialo (ml) delta Palo11771 ala (1) pmgapta a gomito :5028 ahed* f)1 barsneltac 10461 empint f1 fentronvicef16564 ala If) rastrisl 1:209 /lan iff1 veretteietica delta ca/ell 10463 avalamme (m)
1 1416 a (") e1eil l.elenl 7055 allene (f) unelita :10 7 enalia ff1 ad elemedniti:6412 eta (f1) euecnlica 1180 a1e2 0( rlc 65 n/c(fdl.alaiei
:2866 va f1 1val 2235 Solsfl. if) del xni.8 tadi. re.Piieiit :1350 uia (if pell conlurle
11718 eteron (m aninnel. 11279 alle.e If/della. been dell. nutvti iiii :2045 a.", f1' lermia differeonti...M.612 ateo W(ml a me cvperlui. del .. ao d. 4/8 10464 oaerc
114 1 teo I91 di aie 105eln6f dlalsua:9:8 *-. fI-) aeIJ it dell. p.1..:0421 a/c/e II I delur'. per Ia q.oda 11436 iltitta MI dell. nub- dolls tuilane:0426 elve/es if) pea qutota 17180 Mi~en ff1 delIlonde 10900 enelle 1m) berveic: 0381, a/ve 1.l 13107 aillene, 01 dol,. ePcii. 11 143 anelt Wm biutie .
: 0232 elvnrl4efcllls/~f:4 a:en . i d, deciove 13109 -ne1. Wm dell. stvcclii14821 kwvol (ml d, pv.iiil. :2466 al.n f1 d. eiuil.riv. :3789 anella (m) d, nec10691'3 atif M . bosto d, .. cire :2205 ullena II do lantis :6003 ave/l foi d. cerlntirgrine12815 alit, il a npiegemevvc 1339 7 aana fI1 d. Reienet. 11582 eriello (m) d, ecnrevr
17267 Wllst (Nf -W pe into 56 a lln ff1istin2529 ene/l. (ml d, devnieine deltln.rc:5552 alen i) d, di evvme153nlvo()d.pW.d-iih
10798 Ea~l :0) com"t.esanc 14 pelecdut.=ee 13180 .vella Iml ei vlagno dolls guanctivo.
13049 als"l ill coirpean aii, itiiintc :3108 elena (f1 in eeleneiv della seicctrm :3387 aneila Wm d, ea ee11868 aloll If) cinpeveelt uirlrntlalat 15734 e11e.e (f1 limite di ee, iv vertica. 14001 :aella W m d. eveevene
188 a.lte* ifi cempenuulnc ela1,stc dagli noacli :5548 evella fm) di elioppainente
:6874 alonle ff1 vevltne 8l ensert. :454: alae ff1 lirmits minimci i eepeiarinne 15749 avellla (m) d, lenula:6516 alagne ff1 di .o verliel dgli stowli :3036 avect (ml) d. tiil del gas13773 alteifl)dvnrnl $175 ula iftcal 1731eele-Inrtc
14671 alonle II1Id uetild de 1 4238 allan. ff1 metecevnca :59I nle(lelii e ic
11707 Sat ff1 d, reigrrv 4996 elte.a f1 s rdmvvalincvgvitisiie :0970 .vell .) ml enltln dell. pll"
:2542 %a Mf doirnv 17103 CleaIl itue'. :6: vlaffe1iivrlned ubn
16831 ani. ff1 di lreineation. 10422 alt.iena ff1 :694 .alt. (ml eninitec alltox d. lurlav
13424 alell if) dradod m"vn 10420 altirro tml) :6915 evella, (m) eelevvet stlvv di lirlna
Figure 7-6 -- Italian Index
31 or %
30
PO aiil r in) retr4ctil
I14al ..18on l rft) ,o4" 10822 Mutuo tv avoo.6,m 16180 8001800.4. (m) do cllao.10210 a4.toa In Rd) iS10 810ut0106 ( 0WAWoZSo Is2 awmi08601 (InI of dof108168
I0.4* edaon. (o PQ) amb-gooa4 11101 eft*Ak Ml CO- 7117aow0o (la 8a1 2Q43 oft,,w. In~ P0 dfhOwwa 1196 Oftd (I' a '0426 *mloeodor (ml do ooba1*aaa
IM 0vwif pit~ aoto4. 'o amiatoo.a Im as 1oo4ise
1474~ at4au', tol t*.1o U" 16661 808o ft W088 01Ml OI.n4Il7O a4.n t- Wm- c 11174 "Mude
6 11) 98 oatft UA4880404
115167 www,~, (ml t8o q,180 fendd 11840 o0104.11) 6. 01.0 11901 80801808
100 $KOM 110 4 O..94pbo 1*S44 Ott-tuf (10 4. doaa&- 11903 amnwobento fM)
14154 404. if) A 1180*0 11g66 mtude4 ff1 4. daudmas 103 %441*01n0 (ml1 awa4.10110
1is6 MAp0 it) mvqamal a. ant, 810010 1242 It-Wf (1) do -06g--s -W8*t 11793 smervcmw (IN d C1okw10*16 Old" .o (1) 61 ap5o,1418 anO d if do qM1 11o43 *n oo toO Wm do C-o,owf1 3627 81,&- A1 of/ ps's ~190 13j .ohlu (1 do prsb Ided 70993 vm, on~ IM) 8 088898813026 soow letli do .am do9 612oetftI)d gi.w 14373 a.nooo fr.) baqolnl
1 3101 al..*,oa /1 40 ~~l 4.10 dow0 12 .lo f14tt,13911 wlw ((14. Wensfbo
11 dM 00de 16314 altbide 1f) do,0108,001 19130 8008118 M(
1:1174 18ownoa f1 4. o.guarff o - ON ~ 1 660 p1blud4 iff do 09.1"0 162"9 *0*01 ((/ 44881688
14828 *4w&0010 w p0aw*.8 16930 .1t,104. (Of IN 118001*0 I930 amcl118 (m) al88161s MOP"118
10420, 8808404. f1 4. Wau 1339 8~~0 ) -- f 10913 m.Wnoao if) oo 00 am818t61
1042, kki' 44. o f Mw4. d*1, 13523 .11, 1.) Ad,-&do 16336 amostra ff1 88118l*08l1.
11303 SAtoatoe(ml 14141 alID bf17 do.1 4. V1o88l1010 d. 1*887 ooolt408 M(
1I0 Ione(l4 oot ow,. Obei~ I"11130 8n1081898 (V a 91.083601 4.0 mdo11" gwD 14202 "11,0) mm'" dio11 90.1040 1 0914 .1witlagern (II)0811 110 .Ot.nlibm~
SCW1I)14277 Sthtlo III Oms 4. 116- 10039 aostagem, M( 4. ~60081*12264 WA,".0 (-) 0-601w 19O6o6ll. 1*314 81.uft (f0 lrtmal 12149 *O.tlapam If) 4.p1
1*81 .Ioano (,) 1*934 8I01o48 (1) Wo,,Ibft 130%2 smoolltgo (f) gqoodtn(m9 #b l 1 .ft 16897 .11,a4. I01 .,48,1b 14377 *,,wlot19980 M( pA.nn
1414 #Iww08 -)W4- 1M 10449 a0o4000001 Iml 14402 *OmestWOM (f) Pw eoSo.I145 6 alc*no. f(mlWI_ 10449 Mil'l,1 (0) 1*9 13 aostollga F1 8840400181
12485 W4 Ian.) ml ~ am(08 mto wS1Calms 13301 alt.18 11) 19494 8004188 (t) .o1.t,08l1*85 8(.118 (m o1oal0008p.88 1209 alt.1 's MI08o10481108 do 08(01 15451 amnto (M/ 141tn811811
10369 .41.4.c (m) wlnuapt 12236 11& ellt) do1 -8-.68,01, 19493 am008118 IN ztst.odtbu
14927 101 (ml poltooiloo tM1i8081 10491 800104 (0)
1*2W0 aI6814lo 13109 alture M04 do oxt9o 40 90t- 12452 wiph.1l.4M It4801l
A *29 &*N.lw&a1* If 1601 * alt.a IV d8 8.04. 15306 &m4*tlo4 ff1 d. CaW6
ISM7 8*.at /.) 4. So mf 11436 atto (0) 48. jom, 1*307 amoitu& (f) do ta,,0
A1A707 011,0 0 4 as l4691 al.11) (0 4.dO400ooloW 600 193*9 oml,104.f (M do tosi13302 88(81 (0 do o l..,a 94-44.0 1*064 8*1068(114 1000o8880OO
10763 a*8tls.'s (01 ctmo 12459 8110.. (0) d .0," 14213 *opitO4. (M 1,16,8
10387 81nt000(1 12204 hulla (1) 4. 1.4 10%97 ampola *ttSIra (0
12a .n1nnoIm g001(1220* atlr (0 M8 do Wes" 10403 arlal808 (m1
13228 hlo~trawmv Wm pp, g.-asI.10, 13397 hula1 (l) 4. ra 11(8270* .41.5. (0) W8 b10810 10%a,044 1028 .ra0 ffti do 080880 1204* .041,0. (0) %d,0,08 ddlgoa.
1030 &W.&Ap* ff) doO o 16652 O.,* M0 as .41,4 10464 81010
16302 o- (w/ ft0118 aileo117 8118 IN 4.,0 9~ 11475 t1,a* l Mint. 88
11*60 al- oIml do .0ropoaw11174~~l41O0 17 ol(l000
.10Sd(0a 0gn 15734 a4018 (0) 1,0 4.1048(0l 18 12527 W0 (.,1 OWCW10 d.880O;*
I0to, Almt.ff4 IV 9.0 a1,814oOu 15997 allo I1 o l 11,1189
10773 84084.8(04. 000do 1cota 10239 sit.,.1 to mt. 8 .,aV d-1008*4 14001 an.] Wm do c8198
10278 8.88 (0) ft8 a' oemawas M11 Awme1,t811 11*92 .nal (m) d. 000080tlAp014239 Alot (( 8*4100 336 -- ,. (m do otetw0
14070 .1.1848a (f) 10mb., 14923 18 (0n mot0a 81 l n*M o,1811 b9 ol(0 .. 00 . 881
low0, ft001a .41.0) 19179 anal Wm do 018018*$
1040*~ bdo17103 (08 ff1 (W 1081 12153 a"a 1m) do 0180080 dopio10404 aicnca8r (0 10451 s1000081 (m) 10358 0.1 Wm do 8008 d. 01
147a~ ot m a~ao1069 1.7 tlom1818 1577 oe[m(. do Sel1 09*2 *W18 mentofffi1 d14"" 1021 ao" (1 ladM0 15749 .4"1 ( . odo,080
122363 .18090.01 (M I~l 16184 a1,O (n,1 18010800 14513 6"i81-91 (W 4 do Auto's
A G388 4.11 P/8(12122 am081890(1) lo.98a 14445 anl MO0) (01
1310 sit akp..o-1480 (M 1112120 8018,8 (VAAGI 11143 anml .) .,084.l
1310 Gtk104 frqif) (0W 40OW 12121 o00.18. 801900 114 wM .110808,lM d. 1080144 81,181 0 801 o.,.~ 1098 81810 If)148iarI9 m
10420 a180. (.) I6*7 amna110 (W d. 084. 1046 08101011
1000)7 Wlmo. f.) 811801010 11269 4.8"0011* o ( OM 4. 011 081a 13391 80.0410.l1 (1) 6.0 1004WM
101 a11me", (M)*800040100 W1284 &mwlMF1* fl) 4. -0% 8800'. 138*9 8o.041oft (M11888'
1A0 SO" ol081. (M/ b.,o'o1,,c 112115 808018. Mf do doo4.*bm81, 10317 r,*m6-081 W.~ PUAW1,
11173 alji1ft81. dol 4. lm 081.10 (p .do086 1448 801.881 (M1 11018 .1111*. Iml 0800
1*14 .I~81,o(ml . 001.00115*9 embalms,1 (W4 do0*00 w.0001 10412 *"Wt*o Wm al04-.m
I163a6 .almotro (m) do mt184.1, 127617 $~to tffl)(014. O 13112 6400 Wm1.0 o401,o ft 9011
1307 1 81110810 I.mlo 104940 orm"-p104.48(M. 1071 0901. (ml 8000181
10423 881,106. (0J 10468 81011 d 0 1093 i09018 (m) 81100181 d 4. p
AGO"6 ".judo1 (1) 898010 10961 vmol , 4. fm) 4. D' ISM6 4119010 (M/ do *880000* do .0.1181
10424 om4 I0 (ff881010010 13613 00,18086 (m14 do 1801 13312 609018 (m)(d81410
10,
Figure 7-7 -- Portuguese insdex
31
T U skaktst disk teoresi
0079 attUetor 6.56 iconsi 5599 ~secnOtln 10468 eimagatil
1754 etuple mo~tr gay brim. 559 c:Ut tk1Wlally icie 104680~ tnrei
10051 akuetik d.01.8r 0418 cftcratil 9c1ilm, 103 17 araner
0052 aosot k.minoc 10415 elyrci ut 10470 atimnd bernmtr0058 k..otk Scrilroe 16386 allW- 10481 aiti e.d atou
0057 ekuerik MmeLcms 10420 :l11rraii. I10499 al m flam.fdeitr iofia.18061 .etuai pirriirel 1 0421 M.inar evn 5109 en, lirit nklcc
005 ctuat~t ""arir' 1 3523 ellrnmttrcd oturien nukiflhk 86438 on. nittline108 ekei liisn 0870.,. :1l10053 ktusrt snerme 15981 ar melimijI cnmc SIMhg0058 eituaitk yeliiir 10448 elrnkiiiiiulttb 14447 :nne0r1 0054 kturil ynrulme 0449 alrnetretul ;4448 crime deiter.0055 ekust~i ynruma dnai., 18972 cmall gari tordon talyne., bncu~u t, 6 *i,.dpie
33 48 e i m e 16397 .1i yuiSP 1 3 4 c m en nsisailrO2418 knrd-h van-.t 0450 eluminnum elae.ler 05i2 ... otitl film3Z83 .1r, 4 il-i t0461 elu~rrm SaplWhims 5981 einad.1 toplama lrxrunoio8944avetrnk 10451 eIummnvumlam* 10511 .. andit trmmm3848 canhu l "he, 1 0407 cavioviiumrjn kiem teIplenmine 10513 anodit1 temalaitmc0585 eln emip. 1665 einbl curse. 1 2820 enormal et teldrim glivu
12870 elan lut ktou I862 errbale o curs cyrrdel 10I nolm0591 clan aeyiuietim 0458 Airaslrei. 0518 AN reveren
608 elan -1-1.mndcelnne 10458 Amitr k. rrim laltnirni 05117 anto
128 e;nrarlr 1018 *.f bar lWrO c0o5hmn
0382 caim eans. 10460 emfitkt u4h, 5485 ante:n gensl t falrn vihe
10400 e:es. 0458 em:-r pleoliri 5 276 anten taporre10401 elesmo veldt 0457 cnn ipmirfl 5275 anten toSes.4059 elyct is dinvi 105 mfrt ncay1 052 7 elh4058 alyat besamy lanrnemele e 119029 omoryiika yn 102 nrur
140)47 [,.kt bulutler 6860 e1arip0532 cn-Inteii4056 clct eingine notl, elepmlar 5862 amuiy lndo 0633 111anon5398 clfat Serreo Il laine 5670 emn ,arl dits 1034 anirnadnacr Inel1686 cl;ak iup gur'uluau 0481 emplmlld 1338 c"::*kl
14265 cle uv9 0462 AMVEC li"st., 0523 cn ukm Scrclkeim cetrllconca3836 datI, nip siarin 19 16402 en. .. nurtale.es 1052 cntiskulyo,t srtalcspvovun balliu
09 clize %l neom lpi 3628 mmudc okme 0537 ciilb odidijcneheri14117 toe betleiric teli 058 entinp*ian
1 3629 alI e 14115 erne bon Sir4. 10519 tritrvp. nmetnmankain
1 3838 alth. eciuae4113 e:ndei 0548 cpi td kpuu
13634 celli.u 412 eri dti 105Ieim132 alup k dlr 15 erie dm1.1 kurusy 0512 apIron IIoame -. (P
3837 alettm u,,vv Uaictriran ha.e "rilil 2674 arnenar 12623ci
13631 earl talc 16816 aecl ogellaroes 12607 ct ro~12746 elan barney 129 ;rcmIc 2800 ante aiomyiti12736 nt neont., 291 a una. 81 ociimnt.pp
11494 elan dlgear 12288 ZZoelni6 t lrane 182easmnyat Sori
12744 1738eitnVvu 12608 neat2742 caedayek. 76 ec3 ple 1260 crsaSaa,.
2737 clan gilailn.- 129 cr alnm.rs 121 cielsen *m2757 Irnin tcpm.. 1 2290 eilo vulm-ettri c 21 antaoe n derlm
12759 aeviati kenytan 3035 ari 9wc SIal . m 933 :cntI ideim aattrce2760 alarilaome noktar daamt5069 aria gailInelr 12159 a gIar: cameoI273 elnped0 14119 o. 9ev.it 2605 ante tkilteri12736 cla Pelni . 5060 erie goccllma crden 6616 ancak arcstda el"a uv.P rnre icden12743so uu- 16892 erie hcne yol z 580 uia numr m"Il"
cla:In rntlpiirmai 3702 nt.,ra 4216 ansea arcnda nicleme .ae
12 236 den P 14171 eric i.t.-V- IMT8FI
30 77 cl an ser 15066 oe vine eteani ;2578 ernIcce et artalaatmat,.n repiri
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Figure 7-8 -- Turkish index
ES aislante (m) do golloes
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Figure 7-10 -- Russian Index
34
7.4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The Acronyms and Abbreviations section has a two-column format. The alphabetically
sorted acronym or abbreviation is followed by its meaning. In the event that the same
character string has more than one definition, each is separated by a semicolon. The section
includes the more common acronyms and abbreviations used in aeronautics in addition to those
used in the Defintion and Translation Section of the dictionary. A sample page is shown in
Figure 7-11.
8. EDITORIAL REVISION
With the first set of page proofs in hand, the Committee, in consultation with its
technical editors and translators, had its first opportunity to look at the dictionary as it
was to be published, that is, in the format that combined the English definitions with the
respective translations. It was apparent that there was a number of anomalies and errors in
the definitions and translations. It was also apparent that the dictionary needed a single
unifying editorial hand to control editorial quality, consistency, and accuracy.
Thus, in November 1977, the Sub-Committee decided to contract with two very competent
technical editors and translators in London, Miss K. mews and Miss E. C. Pike, who would be
responsible for reviewing the entire dictionary and integrating their amendments with changes
suggestd by contributors.
At that time it was estimated that the task would not take more 2 or 3 months, and
publication in the late spring of 1978 was still anticipated.
In March 1978 the contractors transmitted to AGARD a detailed analysis of the errors,
omissions, and inconsistencies they had found. Problems were classified under a variety of
headings ranging from simple typing errors to gross defects in the translation of terms. It
was estimated that as many as half the terms would have one or more corrections.
The contractors delivered the opinion that "the general impression is that there has been
no overall coordination of the terms within any of the countries and certainly, from the
variety of meanings given among the various languages for any one term, it w,,uld be clear to
anyone consulting the dictionary at its present stage that the terms had not been checked or
-oorilnated to ensure that each language is expressing the same meaning." The contractors
added that "In view sf the number of fields covered it is understandable t have had several
A
35
ACT ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ACT Active Control Technology Activation Automatic AEWC Airborne Early Warning and ControlCttanksoo Techtnrgues AF A., Force Audio Freoqueny
ACTF Altriude Control Test Facdirty A/F Arfild Air-tACU Acceleration Control Un-t A.r Conditioning Unit AFAADS Advanced Forward Area Ar Defense SystemACV Air Cushion Vehcie AFS A.r Force Base Ant, F.ntron BearingACW Air Control and Warning System Aircraft Control AFOM A. Force Ballistic Missle
and Warning AFC Autometc Fraquency ControlACAW Aircraft Control and Warning AFCE Automatic Flrght Control EgurpmentACWS Arcreh Control & Warning System AFCS Adaptive Fight Control System Automatc FightAD Aertodroe Art Defence Contol System. A.,onc Flrght Control Snsrem AirA/D An ) I o g A m u For Communicaton SystemD Ag t Drgrtal ArOstut AFCO Autometc Fuel CuloffADA Air Defense Area AFl Automatric Fault IsolationADAC Automated Direct Analoglue) Computer AFLS Approach Flashrgrng SystemADAM A.r Deflecton ann Modrficatron AFM Ant,- Frrction Metal Air Force ManuelADAR Advanced Desrgn Array Radar AFPAM Automatic Flrght Planning and MontorrngADA Systems Action Data Automation Systems AFR Automatic Frequency Regulaion Air ForceADC Airborne Digital Computer Automatic Drgr Control Regularon. Air Fue Rato
A.r Data Computer Aerodrome Control AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication NetworkADCC Air Defense Control Center A/G A.r-to-GroundADF Automatic Drrecrn Finder Autornaic Directron AGACS Automatic Ground Air Communicaton System
Finding lEgupment) AGAP Attitude Gyro Accelerometer PackageADI Attitude Orrector Indryaro Automatic Directon AGARD Adwsorv Group for Aerospace Research and
Indicator DevelopmentADH Automated Data Handing AGAVE Automatic Gmballed Antenna Vectoring EquipmentADISP Aeronaurcal Drdal Informaon System Panel AGC Automatic Gain ControlADIZ A.r Defense ldentrlcarion Zone AGCA Automatc Ground Controlled ApproachADL Armament Datum Line AGCS Automatic Ground Checkout System AutomaticADM A.r Defent. Misste Ground Control System Automatc Ground ComputerADP Acceptance Data Package Automatic Data System
Processing AGCU Aertude Gyro Couphng UnitADPE Automatic Data Processing Equrpment AGE Automatic Guidance ElectronicsADPLL All Digital Phase Locked Loop AGM Artt Ground MissileADR Adoisory Route
AGT Aiahon Gas TuybneADRAN Advanced Digital Ranging System
ADRS Automatic Data Reprortrng System AGW Allowable Gross (Take Off) Weight
ADS Ar Defence System Air Defence Ship Accessory AGZ Actual Ground ZeroDrcve Svslem Ar Da. System Advanced Data ah Ampere HourSystem AHI Aerodynamic Heating Indicator
ADSEL Address Selection Beacon System AHRS Atode Heading Reference SystemAOSS Aircraft Damage Sensing System AHRU
Attitude Heading Reference UnitATL AUcrlrary Data Translator UnitADV Ar Defence Vaciant Al Attitude Indicator Aircraft htefrcepon Airborneil, Advanced Interception Anti-Icing Articulaton IndecADZ AirDnce
AlIRadar) Aircraft Idenrifruarron Radar Air Interception RadarADS Air Defence Zone
AIA Any-Icing AddirveLE Ar Electrical Aulilary Enuopment
AIC Aircraft in Comyrisson Ammunition IdentificationA&E Armament and gernrys CodeAFA Abort Electronc Assenbly AIDAS Advnced Instrumentation and Data Analysis SysteAEB Aft EgurDmenr RanAEDS Ashe e , De o SAIDS Aircraft integrated Data System Airborne IntegratedAEDS Atmospheric Plecic Detection System Data System Abort Inertial Digital SystemAEEC Airines Electronic Engineering Commrntee AIETA Airborne Infrared Equrpment fo Target AnalysisAER Alimuth Elevation Range AIG Address Indicating Group Accident InvestigationAERCAB Integrated Aircrew Escape'Rescue Capability GroupAERO Aeronautical Weather Report Alt Airborne Instrument LaborairitesARS Atiflicial Earth Satellite AILAS Automatic Instrument Landing Approach System
AEROS Artic-ai Earth Research and Orbiing Saei.lre AILS Advanced Integrated Landing System AutomaicARROSAT Aerooauicai Satellite NASA ESRO) Instrument Landing SystemAEW Aiborne Earic Warning AIM Air Inlercept Missile
Figure 7-11 -- Abbreviations and Acronym
~36,
compilers in each country but a general editor for each language should have reviewed all the
terms before they were printed, preferably a translator actively engaged in translating
current literature."
In March 1978 it was agreed that production of the MAD should stop until there had been
substantial improvements in the quality of the contents. To this end it was agreed that the
national representatives who had prepared tne translations should be asked to review a second
set of proofs, with guidelines and recommendations provided by the AGARD editor and
translator. However, it was found that some of the specialists who had prepared the original
translations were no longer available and had been replaced by others who were unfamiliar with
the MAD task. The production plan was therefore changed, and the AGARD editorial contractor
was assigned full responsibility for making all corrections.
Shortly thereafter it was decided that proof should be supplied to the editorial
contractor in triple-spaced form to simplify the jobs of the editor and the keyboard
operators. The task of improving the quality of the dictionary was not a small one. Achieving
consistency among nine different languages was a very large task for the one contractor who
remained on the job. It was of course necessary for her to call on language experts despite
her outstanding abilities in several languages a well as her excellent background in the field
of aeronautics. At this time it seemed possible to complete the corrections on a schedule
that would permit printing of the dictionary i. January 1q70.
The problems to be solved were numerous and varied. For example, there was a matter of
the Turkish character which was desiqnated as a "dotless i." In the review of the first
proof, the Turkish translator stated that "Turkish speaking people would have no difficulty in
recognizinn the words concerned even though spelled with the i with a dot." The editor felt
that this was not accceptable to non-Turkish users of the dictionary and therefore it was
necessacy to add the dotless i character to the film matrix strip. Similar adjustments had to
he made in the Cyrillic and Greek alphabets. In addition to matters of translation quality,
there were problems involvinq the handling of multiple translations of English tern as well
as translations of multiple Enqlish terms. Not only did these have to be coordinated within
the dictionary hut there were also problems of index preparation to be solved and worked out
durinq this Period.
By the end of 1978 there began to be real concern by AGARD as to when the dictionary
would be finally published. Commitments had been made for printliq and paper, and orders had
been accepted for the dictionary. The project had to he completed as quickly as possilef. T,
that end a NASA STIF staff member visited the editor in London to expedite the furth.er
processing as much as possille. When the second set of revisinns had been checked by the
editor, she and her assistant visited the facility to resolve as many editorial problems as
possible before the final processing steps.
In April 1)80 the last paues of the editor's second revision of the dict ionary wet.
received, whereupon the final corrections were keyhoardled and proofread, a:.d the camera-ro-ad y
copy was prepared. Thus a process that was expected to take about 2 or 3 onoths extended to
m- - than 2 years. However, all those involved agreed that it was a necessary and worthwhile
expenditure of time and effort.
9. FINAL PROCESSING
The final handl ino of the page proofs incorporated the editorial revisions, zypoiraphic
corrections, and the addition of translations that had arrived while the dictionary was in te
editorial revision stage. Many problems were encountered@ but few were unexpected] for a
Project of the complexity of a multilinonual dictionary and for a project that had been in the
works for several years. For example, the PHOTON 713 used for the photocomposition was
state-of-the-art w! en the project was conceived in 1973, hut it was almost obsole ly the
conclusion of production early in 1980. The required changes in matrix strips were dlificolt
to make. Equipmnent maintenance was conducted on a standby basis duris the final stages of
composition. The Greek translations were particularly demanding ,n the P}IOTiN 713 because of
the heavy use of accents. Until the paqes were photocomposed for the editorial revision, it
had not been possible to proofread the Greek and Bussian translations. At this point the need
to incorporate several new characters into the film matrix was revealed. The problem was
further complicated by the difficulty in retaining keyboard personnel with skills in Russian
and Greek. In the final weeks of corrections, keyboardino of Greek and Russian was handled by
regular keyboard personnel.
Style and minor format changes were continued through the final days of processing.
While these worried the proofreaders, the availability of a computer base made the handling of
such chanoes a routine matter, even when they invoked changes in the Index section.
38
The vertical iustification program was not sophisticated enough to handle every nuance of
typographic style. In the final preparation of the camera-ready copy some cutting and pasting
were needed to avoid awkward column and page breaks.
Despte the problems, the final input of revisions and corrections, proofreading, and
preparation of camera-ready pages were completed by the summer of 1980.
RIHPORT I)OCUNIENTATION PAG
I. Recipient's Reference 2. Originator's Reference 3. Further Reference 4.Security Classificationof Document
AGARl)-R-084 IS1BN 92-835-1 394-3 UNCLASSIIFII)
5.Originator Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and l)evelopment
North Atlantic Treaty Organizationrue Ancelle _ 92200 Neuilly suir Seine. France
6. TitleIlIF PROI)UCTION 01 TIIL AGARI) MULTILINGUAL AERONAUTI('AL)ICTIONARY USING ('OMPUTER TE('lINIQUI:S
7. Prestnted at
8. Author(s)/Editort s) Van A.Wente 9. DateJ.('.Kirschbaumn April 1981J.I.K une
10. Author's/Editor's Address I 1. Page%
See tlyleaf 44
12. Distribution Statement This document is distributed in accordance with AGARI)
policies and regulations, which are outlined on the
Outside Back Covers of all AGARI) publications.13. Keywords/Descriptors
l)ictionaries Management planningTerminology PreparationMultilingualism PrintingAeronautics
14.Abstract
The AGARI) Multilingual Aeronautical l)ictionary (MAI) second edition, published in1980. contained 7,300 technical terms defined in English but also translated into nineother languages. The preparation work was performed by some 250 scientists andengineers who were members of AGARD and involved the translation skills of staff inmany of the NATO nations. Nearly all the compilation and setting work for the bookwas done by computer and automatic photo-composition, a task of great complexityand one which is unique. The purpose of this publication is to record how the task wasapproached, in terms of management planning; to state frankly what went wrong, sothat these errors will not be repeated: and to make some modest reference to tile successesof the programme. It does not deal in great detail with the technical aspects of the task.
This report was prepared at the request of the Technical Information Panel of AGARD.
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