After the (snow) storm in Copenhagen: A new policy agenda on mitigating climate change in the transport sector

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After the (snow) storm in Copenhagen:

A new policy agenda on mitigating climate change in the transport sectorHolger DalkmannProgramme Director, TRL

15 Jan 2010 – Transforming Transportation

Picture copyright Ko Sakamoto

Supported by

The Road to Copenhagen

The Kyoto Protocol- Adopted in 1997, entered force in 2005

- 1st commitment period (2008-12)

- Targets for “Annex 1” countries

- Flexible instruments key elements:

ETS, JI and CDM

A two track approach since Bali (2007) to work towards a new agreement in Copenhagen:- AWG-KP (The Kyoto Track)

- AWG-LCA (The Convention Track)Picture copyright Ko Sakamoto

Picture copyright Ko Sakamoto

Copenhagen: The window of opportunity will not get bigger

Picture copyright Ramon Cruz

Picture copyright Ko Sakamoto

Saturday 19th 2009 Plenary 4 am

The Copenhagen Results

No legally binding agreement

No mention of targets (for anyone)

“Taking note of” the Copenhagen Accord

Extension of AWG LCA and AWG KP

Large uncertainty on the future of climate talks post COP15

Picture copyright Ko Sakamoto

Negotiations now essentially under three tracks

Option 1: Accord serves as input for AWGs

Option 2: Accord becomes a nucleus of a new international policy initiative

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Picture copyright Ko Sakamoto

“Taking note of the Copenhagen Accord”

Mention of 2 degree target

Kick–start finance of $30 billion between 2010-2012, growing to $100 billion per annum by 2020

Carbon markets mentioned, but no reference to sectoral mechanisms

Internationally supported National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to be Measurable Reportable Verifiable (MRV)

Mention of a Technology Mechanism

Adaptation in LDCs, SIDS and Africa given “urgent” attention

Opportunity 1 for transport: Role of climate finance after Copenhagen – Transport Window

Approaching$100 Billion p.a.

by 2020

$ TrillionsNow!

$30 Billion (new and additional)

for 2010-2012

Opportunity 2 for transport: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

No guidance in the Accord!!!

A new definition?

“A NAMA is what developing countries will provide in

Appendix 2 of the Copenhagen Accord.”

NAMAs Unilateral Actions

Supported Actions

(Non-traded)

Supported Actions

(Traded)

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and their supporting pillars

MRV Requirement

Technology / knowledge

transfer

Capacity Building Financing

Type of NAMA

Applicability Opportunities Barriers

Unilateral

TDM relies on domestic policy intervention (e.g. setting up and enforcing regulations, planning

entire networks etc)

limited institutional, financial and technical resources to implement TDM measures

Non-tradable (Supported)

TDM can be supported by the international community, in terms of capacity building,

technology transfer and financing

Difficulty of MRV-ing support and its actions

Tradable Crediting under a sectoral target (with boundaries set at city level)

may work

Level of intervention (i.e. a city or district-wide level) not

inductive to project-based crediting (CDM)

Applying transport to NAMAs: Opportunities and Barriers (Jakarta Case Study for ADB - SLoCaT)

Transport NAMAs – potential applications

NAMA categories(based on LCA negotiating text)

Potential transport applications

(a) Sustainable development policies and measures

Local, regional & national sustainable development strategies incorporating transport elements

(b) Low-emission development strategies and plans

Regional and national transport plans/strategies with low-carbon objectives

(c) Programmatic CDM, technology deployment programmes or standards, energy efficiency programmes and energy pricing measures

CDM based on transport PoAs Fuel economy/vehicle standards Taxation and fiscal policy on fuels and

vehicles

(d) Cap-and-trade schemes and carbon taxes

Cap-and-trade of transport fuels (upstream trading)

Fuel taxes

(e) Sectoral targets, national sector-based mitigation actions and standards, and no-lose sectoral crediting baselines

Sectoral targets, either absolute or intensity based.

Sub-sectoral targets for car, rail, maritime and aviation transport.

Source: Dalkmann et al (2009)

Opportunity 3 for transport

Important date: January 31- Developed countries to submit targets for 2020

- Developing countries to submit NAMAs

Urgent: Get transport on NAMA registry

Champions needed!

Transport

TransportTransport

Transport

Opportunity 4 for Transport: Technology

Copenhagen Accord mentions a Technology Mechanism

AWG-LCA text further refers to:- Technology Executive Committee (to replace the Expert Group on Technology Transfer at COP16) and

- Climate Technology Centre (CTC)

- Need for appropriate, affordable and applicable technology transfer

CTC with a transport division and regional center

New TNA: “Transport Needs Assessment”

Technologies appropriate for developing countries

Measure Frequency of mention in TNA Country Reports

Included in UNDPTNA Handbook

Public Transport Improvements

28

Non-Motorized Transport

6

Land Use Planning 3

Emission / Fuel Standards, Technical Checks

16 ()

Cleaner Technologies 31

Biofuels 6

Economic and Fiscal Instruments

3

Public Awareness 4

Traffic and Demand Management

9 ()

Source: Bongardt (GTZ) (2009)

Opportunity 5 for transport: A Future for Transport CDM (CMP5)?

Executive Board (EB)asked to improve the efficiency of the CDM

Development of standardized baselines

EB called to prioritise development of methodologies for ‘under-represented project activity types’

Parties, IGOs and observer organisations invited to make recommendations on standardised baselines

>> Input open until 22 March 2010

Next steps for transport

In particular:- Opp1: Transport window for kick-start funding

- Opp2: Pilot transport NAMAs to be supported and getting Transport NAMAs into Appendix 2

- Opp3: Technology Mechanism for Sustainable T.

- Opp4: New chance for (PoA) CDM?

- Opp5: Adaptation Fund and Integration into NAP/CAFI

For further information

Please see our new“Bridging the Gap” paper on the outcome of Copenhagen and implicationsfor transport

www.transport2012.org

Thank you for your attention

Holger Dalkmann

Programme DirectorSustainable Transport and Climate ChangeEmail: [email protected]

Thank you to our financial and technical supporters / partners: