After the Civil War

After the Civil WarReconstruction

President Lincoln was killed and Andrew Johnson takes over

North wins but South needs to be rebuilt

What do you do with the freed slaves?

What Problems did the Country have after the War?

Time to rebuild the South after the war

Slaves free but South passes Black Codes

Slaves contracted to work the land

Limits rights of freed slaves

Reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan (KKK): white supremacist hate group (1866)

Civil Rights Act of 1866: African Americans become citizens and have equal rights as citizens

Reconstruction

After the Civil War 13th Amendment:

ended slavery 1865 after the Civil War

40 Acres & a mule: Sherman orders land in GA & SC to be given to former slaves but Pres. Johnson vetoed it

Freedman’s Bureau: established by Lincoln to aide freed slaves (Bill later vetoed by Johnson)

Protecting Rights 14th

Amendment: granted due process rights to all citizens

Equal Protection Clause: laws can not discriminate against people

Segregation Segregation: separate

by race, religion, gender, nationality, etc

De jure Segregation: by law

De facto Segregation: not by law but usually economic

Jim Crows Laws: 1876-1965 De jure segregation varied throughout the country

Case heard in 1896 by Supreme Court

Plessy was a light skinned black man who sat in a white train car in Louisiana

Arrested when refused to move.

Judge Fergusen sentences him

Plessy argues 13th and 14th Amendments give him equal rights

Supreme Court rules “separate but equal”

Plessy V. Fergusen

1954 Topeka, Kansas 7 yr old Linda Brown

lives closer to a white school but must go to the black school

Parents said violated equal protection

Court ruled separate but equal unconstitutional

Schools desegregated

Brown V. Board of Education

Thurgood Marshall

Howard University Law School 1933 Chief Counsel NAACP (National Advancement of Colored People) Lawyer Brown Family Brown vs. Board Education 1967 LBJ appointed him 1st African American Supreme Court

Justice Died 1993

Suffrage: right to vote

15th Amendment: can not discriminate against race when voting

1898

15th Amendment

Poll Tax: Charged a tax to vote

Literacy Test: had to pass a test

Registering to vote was hard

Grandfather clause: if your grandfather could vote you had the right to vote. Helped whites who could not pass the test or afford the tax.

How Were African American Men Prevented from Voting?