3 2017 *This designation, found here and thereafter in this publication, shall not be construed as recognition of a state of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the member states on this issue. **No data available for 2010. How did the Arab Spring affect the MENA and its population? Prison population trends - change (%) in number of prisoners before and after the Arab Spring (based on average accessible data) Youth unemployment rate (age 15-24) 2010 vs 2016 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 Bahrain Egypt Jordan Yemen Lebanon Morocco Iraq Saudi Arabia Qatar Algeria Tunisia Kuwait Libya EU member states 301 2013 116 2016 150 2015 53 2013 128 2015 227 2016 150 2014 161 2013 53 2013 155 2014 206 2016 112 2015 99 2014 117 2014 FREE PARTLY FREE NOT FREE Freedom of press in the MENA 2010 vs 2016 (Freedom House score) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Middle East and North Africa World Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen Population growth in the MENA (%) of the MENA's population (87 million people) live in four countries directly affected by war: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen At over 44%, female youth unemployment in the MENA is 18 percentage points higher than for male youths Compared to 2010, youth unemployment in the MENA has risen by 7 percentage points, and remains the highest rate globally at 32% 1/3 Morocco 17.7% 20.6% Algeria 22% 26.6% Tunisia 29.5% 35.7% Libya 42.9% 48.1% Egypt 25.2% 33.4% Saudi Arabia 29.4% 31.2% Yemen 30.4% 33.8% Oman 45.5% 50.8% United Arab Emirates 11.4% 11.5% Qatar 1.4% 0.7% Syria 19.1% 31.5% Jordan 30% 34% Lebanon 20.9% 21.3% Palestine* 38.7% 41.1% Bahrain 5.1% 5.6% Kuwait 10% 13.3% 0 30 60 100 Bahrain Kuwait Libya Lebanon Morocco Tunisia Yemen United Arab Emirates Syria Egypt Jordan Oman Palestine ** Saudi Arabia Iraq Algeria Qatar Iraq 32.7% 36.1% Prison population rate (per 100,000 of national population) After the Arab Spring: what’s changed? European Union Institute for Security Studies May 2017 1 When the Arab Spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Europe, saw the popular uprisings as a chance to enact region-wide reforms and advance towards more accountable, democratic and economically sus- tainable societies. However, today the overall picture in the region looks bleak: most of the main factors contributing to popular dissat- isfaction – including repressive political landscapes, and high levels of violence and unemployment – are worsening to varying degrees.
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*This designation, found here and thereafter in this publication, shall not be construed as recognition of a state of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the member states on this issue. **No data available for 2010.
How did the Arab Spring affect the MENA and its population?
Prison population trends - change (%) in number of prisoners before and after the Arab Spring (based on average accessible data)
Youth unemployment rate (age 15-24) 2010 vs 2016
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Bahrain Egypt Jordan Yemen Lebanon Morocco Iraq Saudi Arabia
Qatar Algeria Tunisia Kuwait Libya EU member states
3012013
1162016 150
2015 532013 128
20152272016
1502014 161
2013532013
1552014
2062016
1122015
992014
1172014
FREE PARTLY FREE NOT FREE
Freedom of press in the MENA 2010 vs 2016 (Freedom House score)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5 19
99
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Middle East and North Africa World Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen
Population growth in the MENA (%)
of the MENA's population (87 million people) live in four countries directly affected by war: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen
At over 44%, female youth unemployment in the MENA is 18 percentage points higher than for male youths
Compared to 2010, youth unemployment in the MENA has risen by 7 percentage points, and remains the highest rate globally at 32% 1/3
Morocco17.7% 20.6%
Algeria22% 26.6%
Tunisia29.5% 35.7%
Libya42.9% 48.1%
Egypt25.2% 33.4%
Saudi Arabia29.4% 31.2%
Yemen30.4% 33.8%
Oman45.5% 50.8%
United Arab Emirates
11.4% 11.5%
Qatar1.4% 0.7%
Syria19.1% 31.5%
Jordan30% 34%
Lebanon20.9% 21.3%
Palestine*38.7% 41.1%
Bahrain5.1% 5.6%
Kuwait10% 13.3%
0 30 60 100
Bahrain
Kuwait
Libya
Lebanon
Morocco
Tunisia
Yemen
United Arab Emirates
Syria
Egypt
Jordan
Oman
Palestine **
Saudi Arabia
Iraq
Algeria
Qatar
Iraq32.7% 36.1%
Prison population
rate (per 100,000 of national population)
After the Arab Spring: what’s changed?
European Union Institute for Security Studies May 2017 1
When the Arab Spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Europe, saw the popular uprisings as a chance to enact region-wide reforms and advance towards more accountable, democratic and economically sus-tainable societies. However, today the overall picture in the region looks bleak: most of the main factors contributing to popular dissat-isfaction – including repressive political landscapes, and high levels of violence and unemployment – are worsening to varying degrees.
Compiled by: Julia Lisiecka, Junior Analyst at the EUISS.
In the light of the Arab Spring, the European Union and its member states re-defined their priorities with regard to the Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the MENA. Combined, aid flows from the EU institutions and the member states have in-creased by 52%. European funding focused on addressing the most pressing humanitarian crisis (Syria), while continuing the extensive support provided to the countries neighbouring the EU. The Union and its member states collectively remain the biggest donor in the MENA, and account for one-third of all aid sent to the region.
European Union Institute for Security Studies May 2017 2
Data sources: International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Bank, World Prison Brief of the International Centre for Prison Studies, Freedom House, Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD).
How did the Arab Spring impact European Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the MENA?
Five biggest recipients of European ODA in the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)
European Official Development Assistance to the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)
Main recipients of European Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the MENA 2010 - 2015 (current $ millions)
Breakdown of global ODA to the MENA in 2015 (current $ millions)
2010 2015
2015
EU member states
United States EU institutions United Nations
Palestine1,029
Palestine839
Morocco882
Egypt594
Tunisia564
Algeria246
Morocco1,222
Syria1,127
Tunisia695
Egypt615
EU institutions33%
Germany22%
United Kingdom15%
France14%
The Netherlands3%
Italy3%
Others10%
Breakdown of European donors 2015
2010
4,3986,679
$
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Algeria Egypt Morocco Syria Tunisia Palestine
EU donors account for 86% of total EU member states'aid in the MENA51The EU is the world's number
donor to the MENAof European ODA to the MENA goes to five main recipients67%
Data sources: International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Bank, World Prison Brief of the International Centre for Prison Studies, Freedom House, Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD).
How did the Arab Spring impact European Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the MENA?
Five biggest recipients of European ODA in the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)
European Official Development Assistance to the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)
Main recipients of European Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the MENA 2010 - 2015 (current $ millions)
Breakdown of global ODA to the MENA in 2015 (current $ millions)
2010 2015
2015
EU member states
United States EU institutions United Nations
Palestine1,029
Palestine839
Morocco882
Egypt594
Tunisia564
Algeria246
Morocco1,222
Syria1,127
Tunisia695
Egypt615
EU institutions33%
Germany22%
United Kingdom15%
France14%
The Netherlands3%
Italy3%
Others10%
Breakdown of European donors 2015
2010
4,3986,679
$
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Algeria Egypt Morocco Syria Tunisia Palestine
EU donors account for 86% of total EU member states'aid in the MENA51The EU is the world's number
donor to the MENAof European ODA to the MENA goes to five main recipients67%