African Peace Facility - Africa-EU · PDF fileTHE AFRICAN PEACE FACILITY ... themselves to taking practical steps to address the challenges to peace and security ... a Continental

African Peace Facility

Annual Report 2012

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

1. THE AFRICAN PEACE FACILITY (APF): BACKGROUND & KEY CHARACTERISTICS .............. 6

1.1. EU response to an African-led Initiative ....................................................................................... 6 The African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Establishment of APF to support the African Peace and Security Agenda Embedded in a wider EU Strategy Security-Development-Nexus

1.2. Strategic Orientations .................................................................................................................................. 9 Objectives Underlying Principles

1.3. Continental/Regional Focus ................................................................................................................... 10

1.4. Beneficiaries & Partners ......................................................................................................................... 10

1.5. Legal Basis .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

1.6. Type of Actions financed under APF .............................................................................................. 11

1.7. APF Budget .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 APF Support under the 9th EDF APF Support under the 10th EDF

1.8. Replenishments ............................................................................................................................................... 12

1.9. Official Development Aid (ODA) Eligibility ............................................................................... 12

1.10. Eligibility ............................................................................................................................................................... 13

1.11. Decision-making processs ...................................................................................................................... 13 Standard procedure for non-urgent interventions Accelerated procedure for urgent interventions Procedure for THE Early Response Mechanism (ERM)

1.12. Aid Modalities ................................................................................................................................................... 14

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2. ACTIVITIES IN 2012 ....................................................................................................................................................... 14

2.1. Capacity Building: APSA-related activities ............................................................................... 15 APSA Support Programme Joint Financing Arrangement – Salaries Joint Financing Arrangement - AU Liaison Offices AMANI AFRICA II Support Programme African Training Centres in Peace and Security

2.2. Early Response Mechanism (ERM) .................................................................................................... 17 Activities Completed in 2012

Support to AU's efforts to coordinate action against the Lord's Resistance Army AU/SADC Liaison Office in Madagascar

ECOWAS - Support to Financial Management of a possible Peace Operation in Mali

Activities Started in 2012 and On-going IGAD support for pre-election engagement in Kenya COMESA request on the Assessment of the Validity of COMWARN Indicators COMESA request on the Assessment of the Validity of COMWARN Indicators

2.3. Peace Support Operations (PSOs) .................................................................................................... 19 On-going missions

AMISOM – The mission for the establishment of peace and security in Somalia

MICOPAX – The Mission for the consolidation of peace in the Central African Republic

Preparation for new activities The Crisis in Mali Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Support for the AU Regional Cooperation Initiative for the elimination LRA

2.4. Horizontal issues ............................................................................................................................................ 24 APF Evaluation

APF Expert Pool Management (AU and RECs) Coherence Communication and Visibility

3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW IN FIGURES AND GRAPHS ......................................................................... 28

4. APF AT A GLANCE .................................................................................................................................................. 32

GLOSSERY .......................................................................................................................................................................... 37

CONTACTS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 39

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Based on the recognition that peace and security are necessary preconditions for sustainable development the EU decided to establish the African Peace Facility (APF) in 2004 in order to support the African peace and security agenda. Over the years, the APF has become the key instrument for implementing the Africa-EU Partnership on Peace and Security, and substantial and predictable funding of more than €1.1 billion has been channelled through this instrument. The strategic orientation of the APF is based on a dual approach, which combines short-term funding of crisis response with a longer-term support of institutional capacity building in Peace and Security. The APF supports the African Union (AU) and the regional African organisations (RECs) having a mandate in Peace and Security. The funded activities fall in three categories: 1) financial support to African-led Peace Support Operations, 2) operationalisation of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) and 3) enhancing the political dialogue on challenges to peace and security. The year 2012 has been a very active year with a continuation of support for the two peace support operations AMISOM in Somalia and MICOPAX in the Central African Republic and for the operationalisation of APSA. A total amount of EUR 210.3 million has been contracted in 2012. According to current OECD statistical criteria, most of these activities are not considered to be ODA-eligible and therefore not reported by the European Commission as Official Development Assistance. An important pipeline of new APF programmes is being prepared for commitment in 2013, including financial support to a new Peace Support Operation in Mali (AFISMA) as well as continued support to MICOPAX in the Central African Republic and AMISOM in Somalia. In view of increasing funding requirements and following extensive consultations with all key stakeholders, an additional replenishment of the APF with an amount of EUR 126.2 million was completed in 2012. The Early Response Mechanism (ERM) under the APF is set up to provide immediate support to early phases of mediation, fact finding for possible Peace Support Operations, etc. Funds can be released within 2 weeks and this mechanism has in 2012 funded 5 AU/REC activities focused on crisis mediation in Kenya, actions against the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) (South Sudan/Uganda/RDC/CAR) and the establishment of an AU/SADC Liaison Office in Madagascar. Important work has taken place over the year to strengthen coherence among EU-funded Peace and Security activities in Africa funded by different EU instruments, such as the APF, Regional Indicative Programmes of the European Development Fund, the Instrument for Stability, and in the framework of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy. Following a policy-oriented first phase of an external evaluation, the second phase was launched in October 2012. It will focus on APF implementation, impact and sustainability and is intended to inform the upcoming programming for the period 2014-2020. It is expected to be completed by August 2013.

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INTRODUCTION The Nobel Peace prize for 2012 has been awarded to the European Union (EU) in honour of its long-term role in uniting the European continent and contributing to peace- and reconciliation, democracy and human rights. Over time, the EU has extended its efforts beyond its borders and is successfully promoting peace and security in Africa. The African Peace Facility (APF) is one of its major instruments. Since its establishment in 2004, the APF has supported African-led efforts in the area of peace and security. In the year 2012, this support was continued by providing funds for capacity building, peace support operations and short-term assistance for urgent initiatives. Additionally, a newly launched two-year service contract will ensure the rapid provision of highly qualified and

specialised experts for short-term technical assistance to the African Union (AU) and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs). As in the years before, the APF has turned out to be a valuable tool offering the Africa financial and technical support for their efforts in the area of peace and security.

"The African Union has benefited from the European Union's unrelenting contributions to important programs dealing with peace and security [. . .] in Africa. I am confident that we can continue to build on successes made in the area of ensuring peace and security across the continent. The African Union looks forward to strengthening the existing strategic partnership with the European Union tackling areas of important issues with a common interest." (AU Commission Chairperson Dr. Dlamini Zuma in a congratulatory letter to Commission President Barroso for the award of the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize to the EU)

José Manuel Barroso, President of the EC, Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council and

Martin Schulz, President of the EP at the ceremony to award the Nobel Peace Prize to the EU (Oslo, 10th of December 2012)

"Over the last sixty years, the European Union has reunified a continent split by the Cold War around values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. These are also the values that the European Union promotes in order to make the world a better place for all. The European

Union will continue to promote peace and security in the countries close to us and in the world at

large." (12 October 2012; Joint statement of José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, and Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council on the award of the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize to the EU)

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Objective of the Report The aim of this report is to present the activities and performance of the APF during the year 2012. Its overall objective is to inform key stakeholders about the APF and new developments in order to facilitate communication and information exchange as well as to enhance transparency and accountability. The report thus contributes to the fulfilment of the European Commission's (EC) legal commitment "to prepare an annual activity report on the use of the APF funds for information of the Council and the EDF Committee."1 The report starts with a general overview of the APF instrument including its origin and initiation, its objectives and priorities, its scope and legal and financial matters. After that, an update on the activities, developments and achievements/performance/progress for the period of January-December 2012 is provided. At the end of the report updated facts and figures are visually compiled to give an overview of the budget and initiatives supported.

1. THE AFRICAN PEACE FACILITY (APF): BACKGROUND & KEY CHARACTERISTICS

The African Peace Facility (APF) was created in 2004 as an innovative instrument constituting the main source of funding to support the African Peace and Security. Since its initiation the APF has been effective in backing African efforts in the area of peace and security on the continent by providing predictable aid. It has allowed a number of African-led peace operations to take place and provided a significant contribution to the strengthening of African institutional capacities and cooperation in peace and security at the continental and sub-regional level. Furthermore, from a broader EU-Africa perspective the APF has contributed to a more comprehensive political dialogue between the EU and Africa in the area of Peace and Security.

1.1. EU response to an African-led Initiative

The APF was established in response to a request by African leaders at the African Union (AU) Summit in Maputo (2003).2 Hence, the initiation of the new EU instrument originates from an African initiative. This underlines the important and pro-active role that the AU has taken since its establishment in 2002 in the area of promoting peace, security and stability on the continent. Indeed, the AU's Member States entrusted the organisation with a broad political mandate in the area of conflict prevention, management, resolution and peace building. The AU and the African Regional Economic Communities and Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) have since committed themselves to taking practical steps to address the challenges to peace and security through African-owned and African-led initiatives. The European Union is effectively providing financial support and technical assistance to these endeavours through the APF.

1 Article 12 of Council Regulation (EC) No 617/2007 of 14 May 2007 on the implementation of the 10th European

Development Fund under the ACP-EC Partnership Agreement 2 Assembly of the AU, Decision on the Establishment by the European Union of a Peace Support Operation Facility for the

African Union, Maputo, Mozambique, 2003 [Assembly/AU/Dec.21 (II)], available at <http://www.africa-union.org/Official_documents/Decisions_Declarations/Assembly%20AU%20Dec%2021%20II.pdf>

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The African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) In the framework of the new agenda on peace and security, the AU has set up a comprehensive African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) as a structural, long-term response to the peace and security challenges on the continent. The APSA consists of several components, structures and themes. The main standing decision-making organ for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts is the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC).3 Its efforts is supported by four mechanisms: (1) a 'Panel of the Wise' (PoW) which is composed of five highly respected African personalities; (2) a Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) to ensure the timely provision of information in order to anticipate and prevent conflicts; (3) an African Standby Force (ASF) to be deployed in peace support operations, and (4) an Africa Peace Fund made up by AU member states' and partners' contributions to finance activities related to peace and security.4 Furthermore, while the AU plays the leading role, the RECs/RMs are the pillars of the overall security architecture and regional components are key elements of the CEWS and of the AFS. The links between the AUC and the RECs/RMs have been formalized through the signature in 2008 of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).5 Since 2002, the AU has gradually emerged as a major political and security actor, engaging in concrete actions. In parallel with political initiatives leading to the prevention and resolution of conflicts, a number of African-led peace support operations have been deployed, often in a very hostile environment and sometimes in an extremely sensitive political context. The ongoing African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and the mission of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in the Central African Republic (MICOPAX) as well as the preparations of a mission in Mali in 2012 show the important role played by the AU and the RECs. Establishment of APF to support the African Peace and Security Agenda The EU has strongly supported, politically and financially, its African partners to take bigger responsibilities in the area of peace and security. With the establishment the APF, the EU is at the forefront of international support to the African Peace and Security agenda, providing, in parallel to EU political backing, substantial and predictable funding to African peace support operations (PSOs) and relevant staff and trainings (capacity building) at the regional and continental levels and to interim mediation efforts through the Early Response Mechanism (ERM). Moreover, a strengthened cooperation between the AU and the RECs/RMs as well as a harmonized approach in developing the different components of the APSA are key conditions for a coherent and well-functioning continental peace and security framework and are, therefore, supported. In total, the EU has channelled more than €1.1 billion through the APF. This support enables the AU and the RECs/RMs to strengthen their respective roles in peace and security, take

3 Article 2(1) of the Protocol relating to Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, [AU Document

Assembly/AU/Dec. 2]; available at <http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/organs/psc/Protocol_peace%20and%20security.pdf> 4 Articles 11-13 and 21 of the Protocol 5 Available at <http://www.paxafrica.org/areas-of-work/peace-and-security-architecture/peace-and-security-architecture-

documents/mou-in-the-area-of-peace-and-security-between-the-au-and-the-recs>;

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responsibility for the stability of the continent and emerge as internationally recognized, major players in the political and security areas. Embedded in a wider EU Strategy Politically, the EU outlined Peace and Security as one of the main pillars in its comprehensive Strategy for Africa (2005)6 and committed to further enhance its overall support to Africa in this area. With a view to a more consolidated and coherent EU framework for addressing specific African needs, an "EU Concept for strengthening African capabilities for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts"7 was put forward in 2006. In December 2007, the relationship between the EU and Africa was put on a new strategic footing with the adoption of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy (JAES) in Lisbon8 and its confirmation at the third Africa-EU Summit in Tripoli in 2010.9 The Strategy and its successive Action Plans (2007-2010 & 2011-2013)10 reflect mutually agreed objectives and priorities and provide a coherent and comprehensive framework for joint initiatives in eight thematic Partnerships. Peace and Security is one such priority area of cooperation with the APF as the main financial instrument. In this respect, the APF has experienced an evolutionary development in two dimensions. Firstly, it has evolved from a stand-alone instrument to an instrument that is embedded in a wider EU strategy. Secondly, while in the beginning it financed merely peace support operations and capacity building, the scope of the APF was broadened. In a joint decision of the AU and the EU in 2007 it was decided that it also covers conflict prevention and post-conflict stabilisation and that an accelerated decision-making and coordination processes created under the newly established Early Response Mechanism (ERM). Overall, the close EU-AU cooperation on peace and security has been a driving force of the JAES which underlines the success and effectiveness of the APF over the past six years. Security-Development-Nexus The APF is funded under the European Development Fund (EDF) (see p. 12). The rationale for the APF is based on the recognition that peace and security are preconditions for sustainable development and vice versa. The recognition of this relationship was underlined in the EU Council Conclusions on "Security and Development" of November 200711 according to which the nexus between development and security should inform the EU strategies and policies. The second revision of the Cotonou Agreement also recognizes the interdependence between security and development stating that "without peace and security there can be no sustainable development.12

6 Available at <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2005:0489:FIN:EN:PDF> 7 Available at < http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Capabilities_Africa_20.11.pdf> 8 Available at <http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/sites/default/files/eas2007_joint_strategy_en.pdf>

9 Available at <http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/sites/default/files/doc_tripoli_declaration_en.pdf>

10 Available at <http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/sites/default/files/doc_jaes_action_plan_2011_13_en.pdf> and < http://www.africa-

eu-partnership.org/sites/default/files/doc_jaes_action_plan_2011_13_en.pdf> 11 Available at <http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/07/st15/st15097.en07.pdf> 12 Article 11 of the consolidated version of the second revision of the Cotonou Agreement, 2010, available at

<http://ec.europa.eu/development/icenter/repository/second_revision_cotonou_agreement_20100311.pdf>

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1.2. Strategic Orientations Objectives The overall objective of the APF is to support peace, stability and security in Africa and provide the basis for long-term sustainable development through targeted support at the continental and regional levels in the area of conflict prevention, peace building, management and resolution. Responding to the reiterated priorities of the Joint Africa-EU Strategic Partnership on Peace and Security, and building on lessons learned and past experience, the APF will continue offering substantial, predictable and flexible funding to the AU and RECs/RMs in order to address in a comprehensive ("continuum"), harmonized and timely manner the challenges posed to peace, stability and security on the African continent. The specific objectives aim at providing a response to all three priorities of the Africa-EU partnership on Peace and Security under the current Second Action Plan 2010-2013, which mutually reinforce each other, namely:

I. Enhanced political dialogue on challenges to peace and security, including through systematic and regular dialogue, consultations, coordination of positions, sharing of information and analysis, joint assessment missions and exchange of experience;

II. Operationalisation of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), including working towards the development of a fully-fledged Continental Early Warning System, the Panel of the Wise, overall strengthening of conflict prevention mechanisms and effective post-conflict reconstruction, as well as operationalisation of the African Standby Force;

III. Predictable funding for African-led peace support operations (PSOs), in particular through the establishment of an EU predictable and sustainable funding scheme to provide sustainable and predictable financial support for these operations.

The APF specifically support PSOs, the operationalisation of the APSA and the Early Response Mechanism (ERM). Underlying Principles

The APF's approach and strategy is based on three principles that are also part of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy (JAES) and guide the implementation of the financial instrument.

African Ownership The principle of African ownership implies that the missions and activities are initiated, planned and carried out by the African side. Therefore, a formal African request to the EU is necessary before initiatives can be funded through the APF instrument. The fact that only African-led operations can be funded is a specific feature of the APF. African-EU Partnership

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The principle of Africa-EU partnership is the building block of the APF and the JAES plays a central role in it. To facilitate close cooperation, the EU, AU, RECs and interested African and European member states meet in annual meetings and participate in dialogues on peace and security issues to exchange views and information and to jointly plan future initiatives.

African Solidarity The principle of African solidarity is based on the recognition that peace and security on the continent is beneficial to all African nations. This means that they cooperate under the aegis of the AU and/or the RECs and share the financial and logistical burden of implementing missions. In respect to the APF, it also comprises the acceptance that funds are not distributed equally among the African states but used on a need-basis. Hence, conflict-driven countries such as Somalia and the Central African Republic in which APF-supported PSOs are carried out directly benefit from the financial instrument while other states do not. Furthermore, in the post-Lisbon context, this solidarity principle also means that non-ACP African countries that benefit from greater regional peace and stability are invited to provide contributions that will strengthen the APF and the impact of its actions on a regional and continental scale. 1.3. Continental/Regional Focus

Peace and security challenges often have a regional and trans-boundary dimension. Efforts are being undertaken by the AU and RECs to address these challenges through a comprehensive, structured and continental approach. In this respect, the APF is a pan-African instrument in nature involving all African countries. As a consequence, undertakings at national levels (e.g. training and funding of national armies) are not eligible for funding and the financial support has to be channelled through the AU and/or the RECs. The continental framework is of particular importance for the effective functioning of APSA, which relies on harmonized and coherent contributions from all African regions, in particular for the Continental Early Warning System and the African Standby Force.

1.4. Beneficiaries & Partners

Beneficiaries

The direct beneficiaries of the APF are the AU, the RECs with a mandate in peace and security and relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). This includes the Regional Mechanisms (RMs) for conflict prevention, management and resolution, namely the Eastern Africa Standby Force (EASF) and the North African Regional Capability (NARC). Under the 10th EDF (2007-2013) other organisations that are formally linked to APSA have become eligible to submit requests for APF funding via the AU and RECs.

Partners The EU is not the only actor that is providing assistance to the AU and the RECs in the area of peace and security. A wide range of other donors such as international organisations (e.g. UN),

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political and military alliances (e.g. NATO) and individual states (e.g. USA, China, Japan and EU member states) are active in this field as well. Notably with regard to PSOs (e.g. MICOPAX, AMISOM), considerable support is provided by other International Organisations, EU and non-EU states. To ensure the complementarity of support to AU, an AU Partners Group on Peace and Security meets regularly.

1.5. Legal Basis

The Cotonou Agreement, which represents the partnership agreement between the EU and seventy-nine countries from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP countries), forms the overall legal framework of the APF. It was signed on 23 June 2000 in Bénin's capital, Cotonou, and will be operational for a twenty-year period until February 2020. It specifically mentions the promotion of stability, peace and conflict prevention as one of its general objectives as well as area of cooperation.13 1.6. Type of Actions financed under APF

The APF delivers support for the following five components:

I. Operationalisation of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA)/Capacity Building; II. Peace Support Operations (PSOs); III. Early Response Mechanism (ERM);

These three major components, that comprise the main African-led activities, will be analysed in greater details in Part 2 of the report. Besides, the APF also allocates funds to:

IV. Audit, Monitoring, Evaluation, Technical Assistance, Lessons learned and Visibility V. Contingencies

For the overall monitoring of the Peace Facility, a Joint Coordination Committee (JCC) has been established in order to review, inter alia, the general progress of APF implementation. The JCC, which is jointly chaired by the AU Commission and the EU and comprises representatives of the EU (EC and EEAS) and the AU/RECs/RMs, monitors the implementation of the three-year Action Programme. The budget for audit and evaluation is used to organise external audits of each operation financed under the APF programme. Contingencies are used to complement any on-going APF-funded intervention upon EC decision, following an AU or RECs/RMs request.

1.7. APF Budget The APF budget finances the above-mentioned five components. It is funded through the EDF and has been part of the intra-ACP envelopes EDF9 and EDF10. In total more than €1.1 billion have been allocated to the APF since its inception.

13 Article 1 (on "Objectives of the partnership"), Article 8(5) (on "Political dialogue"), Article 11 (on "Peace building policies, conflict

prevention and resolution, response to situations of fragility"), Articles 28(2)(a) and 29(1) (on "Regional Cooperation and Integration")

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APF support under the 9th EDF Under the 9th EDF the original APF allocation of € 250 million was replenished four times during the period 2004-2007 (three times through EDF funds with a total of €150 million in additional funding and once through the mobilization of nearly €40 million Additional Voluntary Contributions from EU Member States), reaching a final amount of nearly €440M.

APF support under the 10th EDF Under the 10th EDF a further €600 million (€300 million for each of the two Three-Year Action Programmes 2008-2010 and 2011-2013) was committed to the APF. It was allocated as follows:

I. Operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue – €105 million; II. Peace Support Operations – €440 million; III. Early Response Mechanism – €17 million; IV. Audit, Monitoring, Evaluation, Technical Assistance, Lessons learned and Visibility – €13

million; V. Contingencies – €25 million.

1.8. Replenishments

Under the 10th EDF the initial allocation for the APF amounted to €300 million for the APF First Three-Year Action Programme (2008-2010). Already at that time, a reserve of €300 million was set aside in the Intra-ACP envelope of the 10th EDF for the APF for the period 2011-2013. Given that the first allocation of the fund under the 10th EDF was exhausted by mid-2011 and to avoid any financial gap, in particular in the support of AMISOM, the APF was replenished with the above-mentioned amount in mid-2011 (APF Second Three Year Action Programme 2011-2013. Due to increasing financial contributions to African-led Peace Support Operations, in particular for the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMSIOM), the APF Second Three-Year Action Programme 2011-2013 was replenished again in 2012 by €100 million from unallocated resources of the 10th EDF and by €26.2 million of residual funds under the APF's First Action Programme 2008-2010. As a consequence, the total amount allocated to the APF under the 10th EDF currently amounts to €700 million.

1.9. Official Development Aid (ODA) Eligibility

The APF financed activities under the 9th EDF were not considered ODA-eligible (or DAC-able) as a whole. Under the 10th EDF, the scope of the APF has been enlarged and now includes the pre-conflict and post-conflict phases. Some APF-activities could thus be ODA–eligible and it is therefore necessary to analyse this issue on a case-by-case basis in order to establish a correct overview of the ODA-eligibility issue.

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For APF commitments made in 2012, the following table provides a detailed overview :

Table 1: ODA Eligibility of APF-funded Initiatives

This analysis is based on DCD/DAC Statistical Reporting Directives. The European Commission intends in 2013 to further develop contacts with the OECD Development Cooperation Directorate on the issue of ODA eligibility of non-UNDPKO bilateral operations.

1.10. Eligibility The list of non-eligible APF expenditure includes ammunition, arms and specific military equipment, spare parts for arms and military equipment, salaries and military training for soldiers. In case of Peace Support Operations (PSOs), the costs such as deploying peace-keeping forces, transporting troops, soldier's living expenses and deployment can be supported. An indicative list of eligible expenditure includes: per diems, rations, medical consumables and facilities, transport, fuel, troop allowances, and communication equipment. 1.11. Decision-making process

To ensure African ownership, each intervention to be financed by the APF has to be specifically requested by the AU and/or RECs with a mandate in Peace and Security. When a regional organisation takes an initiative, it requires the political approval of the AU. Upon this request from the African Union or the African regional organization, the External Action Service (EEAS) and European Commission (EC) circulate to EU Member States an Information Note on the

Individual

commitments million

EUR

Nature of activities ODA

eligibility

MICOPAX 1D 14.3 Continued support to MICOPAX. Mainly allowances for peace keepers, rations, transport and logistics, DDR/SSR.

0 %

AMISOM VII and VIII

153.0 Continued support to AMISOM, Somalia; Allowances for peace keepers, police component, international staff, operational costs.

12 %

APSA Support Programme

28.0 Policy coordination between AU and RECs/RMs. Enhancing conflict Early Warning Systems. Support to the panel of the wise and mediation, operationalisation of the African Standby Force. Policy Development and implementation in Peace and Security.

55 %

Support to African Training Centres

11.4 Support to the implementation of the ASF training policy at continental and regional level. Support to 17 individual Training Centres in Peace & Security.

0 %

AU Liaison Offices

3.6 Support to the AU's network of Liaison Offices in post-conflict countries

100%

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intervention envisaged. On the basis of the Note, the Commission consults/informs the relevant Council preparatory working groups and seeks the approval of the EU Political and Security Committee (PSC) on the political appropriateness of the intervention requested. The request is then adopted by a European Commission decision, on the basis of a description of the intervention which includes a detailed budget.

There is a more rapid procedure for the Early Response Mechanism (ERM), taken in agreement with the European External Action Service (EEAS). Neither is the ERM subject to consultations of relevant preparatory Council working groups nor does it require a specific PSC approval on political appropriateness. Upon the EC/EEAS decision, the ERM becomes operational, i.e. will be directly accessible to beneficiaries further to the approval of each specific action eligible under the ERM by the EC. The PSC and the relevant Council working groups are kept informed on activities supported by the Mechanism.

1.12. Aid Modalities

The Commission delivers its aid to beneficiaries through three aid modalities: (1) Contribution Agreements under the system of joint management; (2) grant contracts under the centralised management of the EC; and (3) service contracts under the centralised management of the EC.14

For individual interventions, Contribution Agreements are signed between the EC and the organisation receiving the funds, i.e. the AU and RECs. The pre-condition, thereby, is that the latter complies with the internationally accepted standards of accounting, audit, internal control and procurement (the so called "four pillars" requirements) and have the status of an international organisation.15 Grant and service contracts do not impose this requirement.

The procedures to be used by the implementing organisations, notably with regard to procurement and award of grants, are defined in the Contribution Agreement, depending on the institutional capacity of the organisation and the conformity of its procedures with internationally accepted standards.

2. ACTIVITIES IN 2012

In 2012, the EU continued to support the African peace and security agenda through the APF in the framework of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy (JAES) and its Partnership on Peace and Security. In line with the priorities of the Partnership on Peace and Security, APF activities have been funded within the following areas:

14 For more information, please refer to chapter 2.2. "Management modes" of the Practical Guide to Contract Procedures for

EU External Actions: http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/eprag/document.do?chapterId=2.2.&id=141&id=141 15 http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/work/procedures/faq/international_organiszations_en.htm. For grants and service contracts

the implementing organisation does not need to comply with the four pillars requirement.

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2.1. Capacity Building: APSA-related activities Capacity building (CB) is a major component of the APF since 2007. It aims at strengthening basic institutional capacities and efficiency of the AU and the RECs/RMs in the planning and conduct of peace support operations in Africa as well as in the operationalisation of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). The long-term goal is to enable the AU and RECs/RMs to handle activities related to peace and security on their own without external assistance. An amount of €105 million (€65 million for 2008-2010 and €40 million for 2011-2013) has been allocated for this purpose under the 10th EDF. Under the APF five specific programmes supporting the operationalisation of the APSA have been put in place at both the continental and regional levels. The current flagship programme is the €40 million APSA Support Programme which was launched in 2011. Backing is being or has been provided to the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), the African Standby Force (ASF), administrative and financial capacity, African Training Centres in Peace and Security, and RECs/RMs liaison offices to the AU. This support has been complemented by funding under several EDF Regional Indicative Programmes and the Instrument for Stability (IfS).

I. APSA Support Programme

The APSA Support Programme was launched in 2011 and represents a continuation of former CB programmes in support of the AU Commission (AUC) and the RECs/RMs. This new programme is financed under the current three-year Action Programme 2011-2013 with a total amount of to EUR 40 million for a period of 44 months (from 1 May 2011 to 31 December 2014).

The objective of the new APSA support programme is to ensure continuity of on-going support to APSA and to help increase the capacity of the AU and the REC/RMs in the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts on the continent. The programme is intended to deliver six main outputs directly linked to the overall objective of operationalisation of APSA:

I. Better synergy between AU and RECs/RMs in dealing with conflict prevention,

management and resolution; II. Enhanced capacity of the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) to anticipate and

prevent conflicts; III. Optimal functioning of the Panel of the Wise and other mediation structures; IV. Fully operational African Standby Forces (ASF) by 2015; V. Enhanced strategy/policy development and implementation capacity; VI. Developed APSA project and finance capacity.

The EC is inter alia financing staff reinforcement, training and office equipment of the AUC, of REC/RMs and of the ASF and is, thus, contributing to strengthening the planning and preparation capacities of peace support operations (PSOs). Other main elements of this support include mobilization of special short- and long-term expertise, public relations and visibility documentation, and operational activities such as workshops, seminars and missions, all of which represent an essential support for the proper functioning of APSA. Moreover, the programme supports the development of peace and security continental policies and strategies including

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harmonization of policies on cross-cutting issues such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), maritime safety and security etc.

II. Joint Financing Arrangement – AUC Salaries in Peace and Security

The "Joint Financing Arrangement on Support to the Employment of AUC Personnel working in the Peace and Security Programme" (JFA Salaries), launched in 2010, was extended until 31 March 2013. Overall, the EC has contributed an amount of €10 million for the two and half years and, thus, has provided predictable funding for the personnel of the AU Peace and Security Department (PSD) and its various divisions (Conflict Management Division, Peace Support Operations Division, Defence and Security Division, Secretariat of the Peace and Security Council).

III. Joint Financing Arrangement - AU Liaison Offices

Another programme under a Joint Financing Arrangement is the "Support to the African Union Liaison Offices in post-conflict countries." With a contribution of €3.6 million for a period of twelve months (January to December 2012) this programme supported the establishment of AU Liaison Offices in countries affected by, or emerging from, crisis and/or conflict. The Liaison Offices provide a vehicle for monitoring fragile situations and contributing to the AU's decision-making bodies and the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) and as such feed into the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). A positive result is an enhanced dialogue between the AU and the RECs/RMs leading to more coordinated activities in the field of peace and security.

IV. AMANI AFRICA II Support Programme

AMANI AFRICA II is an exercise cycle to help develop, assess and determine the operational readiness of the African Standby Forces (ASF). In the period from 8 May 2012 to 31 April 2015, the EU will contribute an amount of €5.2 million to cover the following categories of costs: Training and planning activities, other preparatory activities, deployment of headquarters during the field training exercise, post-exercise activities, and human resources. Joint EU-AU Technical working groups ensure that AMANI AFRICA II activities are conducted in the general objective of achieving long-term and sustainable capabilities, particularly in the areas of Communications, Strategic Lift, and Logistics.

V. African Training Centres in Peace and Security

The African Training Centres in Peace and Security for which an amount of €11.4 million has been allocated started in February 2012 and will last until 31 January 2014. The programme addresses the issue of training at three different levels: continental (AU), regional (RECs) and training centres. This process is a first step towards the implementation of a sustainable demand-driven AU training policy.

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2.2. Early Response Mechanism (ERM)

The purpose of the ERM is to endow the AU and RECs/RMs with a source of immediate funding for the first stages of actions aimed at the prevention, management or resolution of crises. The necessity for this innovative tool allowing rapid response to urgent needs was the outcome of a lessons learned exercise on the APF led jointly by the EC, AU and RECs/RMs in Djibouti in November 2007. The contribution agreement for the ERM was signed on 16 June 2009 with an allocation of €15 million (€2 million are earmarked as a reserve in the Three-Year Action Programme 2011-2013). The duration is normally limited to around six months. Thereby, the following three activities are primarily supported:

I. First stages of mediation actions, decided by the African Union or by Regional Economic Communities within the framework of preventive diplomacy;

II. Identification and fact finding missions by the African Union or Regional Economic Communities to initiate the planning process for a peace support operation;

III. Temporary ad hoc reinforcement of the planning cell for a potential peace support operation.

ERM Initiatives in 2012 I. Support to AU's efforts to coordinate action against the Lord's Resistance Army - LRA II The EU has contributed an amount of €1.2 million for the period 20 December 2011 - 31 December 2012, to support the operationalisation of this AU-led mission to coordinate action against the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) in the affected countries (Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic and South Sudan). The funds have covered the costs of: establishing and running the office of the AU Special Envoy and his travels; an AU Technical Assessment Mission in June 2012, Joint Coordination Mechanism conferences and establishing and running the Regional Task Force headquarters and Joint Operations Centres.

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Table 2: ERM missions since 2010

II. AU/SADC Liaison Office in Madagascar The ERM funding has contributed €484.824 in the period from 15 March 2012 to 15 December 2012 to set up an AU/SADC Liaison Office in Madagascar. The aim of this initiative was to facilitate mediation activities, monitor the political situation in the country and provide support to political dialogue between political stakeholders. The Office also aims at contributing to the achievement of sustainable progress toward the holding of successful legislative and presidential elections. III. IGAD support for pre-election engagement in Kenya The initiative of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) to engage in a pre-election peace campaign in Kenya aims to prevent post-election violence in the upcoming election and to sensitize and mobilize key target groups, and notably eminent personalities from the Region, for a peaceful election process. The EU emphasizes the added value of an initiative showing the regional commitment to peaceful elections in Kenya, with the clear advantage of being regarded as credible and impartial. From 01 August 2012 until 31 March 2013 the ERM will contribute €385.000 to support IGAD.

Title Implementing

partner

Amount in € Start date End date Status

Madagascar AUC 421.670 15/02/2010 14/08/2010

Completed

AUHIP I AUC 1.401.010 15/02/2010 31/10/2010

Guinea AUC 372.998 15/02/2010 14/08/2010

Somalia IGAD 352.342 01/04/2010 31/12/2010

Niger AUC 250.000 09/04/2010 30/09/2010

Guinea Bissau AUC 336.941 09/04/2010 31/10/2010

LRA I AUC 1.194.000 28/12/2010 30/06/2011

Côte d'Ivoire AUC 300.000 04/02/2011 31/07/2011

AUHIP II AUC 1.230.000 05/02/2011 31/10/2011

Libya AUC 265.000 17/03/2011 15/09/2011

LRA II AUC 1.200.000 20/12/2011 31/12/2012

AU/SADC LO AUC/SADC 434.824 15/03/2012 15/12/2012

Kenya IGAD 395.000 01/08/2012 31/03/2013 On-going

Total 8.153.785

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2.3. Peace Support Operations (PSOs) The AU and the African regional organisations (REC/RMs) have committed themselves to taking practical steps to address the challenges to peace and security through African-owned and

African-led initiatives. In these endeavours several African-led peace support operations (PSOs) have been established since 2004. They are often deployed in very hostile environments and in an extremely sensitive political context. So far, the EU has earmarked more than €940 million (€400 million under the 9th EDF and €540.6 million under the 10th EDF) for PSOs. Hence, from a financial perspective, support to African-led PSOs represents the principal area of commitment within the APF framework. This EU support facilitates the planning and implementation of PSOs. On-going peace support missions

I. AMISOM – The mission to support the establishment of peace and security in Somalia

The EU has been continuously supporting the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) since its initiation in March 2007 mainly through eight Contribution Agreements (CA) financed by the African Peace Facility (APF). The total committed APF contribution to AMISOM amounted to €411.4 million at the end of 2012. Costs covered by the APF include troop allowances, salaries for police officers and civilian staff, as well as operational costs of the mission's offices in

African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) commanders discuss inside Mogadishu Stadium, 6 July 2011 (Source: AU-UN IST PHOTO / STUART PRICE)

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Nairobi. The UN and other donors provide either direct support to AMISOM or cover other costs of the mission such as logistical support and equipment for AMISOM personnel.

APF Support as Integral Part of Broader Efforts Since the start of AMISOM, the AU has received significant EU support for AMISOM through the APF as well as bilateral contributions from EU Member States. By contributing to AMISOM, the EU plays an active and important role among other international and national actors – like the United Nations. The APF's financial support to AMISOM is also an integral part of the EU's comprehensive and long-term approach to support security and development efforts in Somalia. This approach contains political, diplomatic, civilian, military, humanitarian, and development dimensions. Besides the APF contribution to AMISOM, there are three EU missions in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) contributing to regional security: the European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Operation ATALANTA, which improves maritime security by fighting piracy in the Indian Ocean and escorting ships transporting humanitarian assistance of the World Food Programme, as well as the EU military training mission - EUTM Somalia - that contributes to the training of the Somali Security Forces. On 16 July 2012, the EU launched a CSDP civilian training mission to support land-based coastal police forces and the judiciary in Somalia, as well as sea-going (coast guard) capacities in Djibouti, Kenya and the Seychelles (EUCAP NESTOR). Moreover, complementary support to AU planning capacity has been also provided by the Instrument for Stability (IfS). Through its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO), the EU also provides substantial humanitarian aid to Somalia.

AMISOM Crucial for Security – APF Crucial for AMISOM

So far, AMISOM has proved to be crucial for the survival of the Somali Transitional Institutions and now the new Federal Institutions after the end of the transition in Somalia in September 2012 by helping to create the minimum security pre-conditions for continuing the peace process and providing humanitarian assistance to the Somalis. Over the course of 2012, AMISOM and the Somali forces have made significant military achievements against the Islamic Al-Shabaab (AS) insurgents including the capture of the port city and former AS stronghold Kismaayo. However, the situation is still far from being

HR/VP Catherine Ashton opens the EU's new field office in Somalia, 27 August 2012 (source: European Union)

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stabilized in Mogadishu and its surroundings, where suicide bombing attacks by AS continue to cause considerable casualties on AMISOM side and among the Somali civilian population. Overall, the EU has contributed to these positive developments in 2012 through the financial support of AMISOM by the APF. This demonstrates the vital importance of this instrument. Therefore, with regard to remaining security challenges in Somalia, continued support to AMISOM remains essential.

II. MICOPAX – The Mission for the consolidation of peace in the Central African Republic.

The mission for the consolidation of peace (MICOPAX)16 in the Central African Republic (CAR) was created by the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) on 12 July 2008. It is the successor mission of the Multi-national Force of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (FOMUC). Since the establishment of the mission, the EU has contracted an overall amount of €68.7 million through the APF, out of which €60.6 million have been paid so far. The mission budget for MICOPAX in 2012 was €14.3 million and contributed to funding of a 6-month training of CAR armed forces (FACA) covering training costs and nourishment, the other half geing borne by ECCAS. Adding the EU contribution to the predecessor FOMUC, a toal amount of €102.3 million was channelled through the APF to the CAR since 01 November 2004.

16 French for Mission de Consolidation de la Paix

Operational center of MICOPAX in Paoua, CAR (Source: EuropeAid Photo Library)

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Objectives MICOPAX overall objective is to contribute to durable peace and security in the CAR by creating the preconditions for sustainable development in the country. In more specific terms, the regional peace support operation (PSO) aims at securing the country, creating a conducive environment for the continuation of national political dialogue, restructuring of the security forces (part of a broader SSR programme), effectively ensuring the ownership of national security to CAR authorities. Since 12 January 2009 onwards, the MICOPAX has adopted a multi-dimensional approach, which includes in addition to the military component a police and civilian component assisting in the political process and deploying a police unit of 150 officers. Moreover, its mandate has been extended to allow ECCAS to contribute to the monitoring and implementation of the agreements between the rebels groups in the North and Northeast of the CAR and the government. The mission also plays a role in the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) process through the deployment of military observers in charge of securing and overseeing the "DD" process. The Operation contributes, within its capabilities and in its areas of deployment, to the improvement of the security conditions. Its presence, in areas affected by rebels, has provided a stabilizing effect recognized by the population, the local authorities and the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). The success story of MICOPAX Overall, the operation in the CAR is generally considered a success story since the creation of the - an example of an African conflict addressed by Africans. The third joint EU/AU/ECCAS evaluation mission that was conducted in September 2012 in the framework of the Africa-EU partnership reflected this positive result. It concluded that MICOPAX contributes to stability in the CAR. On

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11 April 2012, ECCAS Heads of States adopted an exit plan ("plan de retrait") for the end of 2013 on the grounds of the positive developments in the CAR. Subsequently, a joint directive was adopted by the Ministers of Defence on 28 August 2012 to operationalize the exit strategy and launch the above mentioned FACA's training. … is challenged by hostile activities of armed rebel groups Growing hostile activities of armed rebel groups at the end of 2012 has led to an unexpected degradation of security and stability in the CAR. In response to the degrading development a Special Summit of ECCAS was assembled on 21 December 2012. The Heads of states called for the deployment of an interposition force consisting of the elements of MICOPAX and encompassing the Chadian contingent deployed in the CAR to prevent an escalation of the crisis. ECCAS asked for the EU's continued assistance in these efforts which possibly necessitate a reconsideration of the exit strategy and a reconfiguration of the mission.

Preparation for new peace support actions

I. The Crisis in Mali Since the beginning of 2012, a twofold crisis has emerged in Mali which has led to a serious destabilisation of the country: A Turaeg/Islamist rebellion in the North and a military coup on 22 March 2012. On 6 April 2012, the rebels declared the independence of the North as the Republic of Azawad. While the Tuaregs' influence has subsequently weakened, the armed islamist groups took over control over the North. This take-over was accompanied by oppression of local populations, human rights violations, the destruction of cultural heritage and the development of organised crime including drug trafficking.

The EU is committed to support the preservation of the security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Mali and has contributed to the preparation of an African-led peace support mission in Mali. In this respect the EU Council agreed to earmark €50 million for AFISMA in the 2013.

II. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) The EU has – with AU - started working on a Joint Verification Mechanism in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) which might be funded under the APF in 2013.

III. Support for the AU Regional Cooperation Initiative for the elimination of the Lord Resistance Army Following the direct financial contribution to the AU Regional Cooperation Initiative (AU-RCI) through the Early Response Mechanism (ERM) the AU requested further support in 2013 from the APF/PSO envelope. These funds would cover the cost of the AU Special Envoy and his office and Regional Task Force (RTF) headquarter and the Joint Operations Centre (JOS).

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2.4. Horizontal issues

I. APF Evaluation With the adoption of the three-year Action Programme (2008-2010) for the APF, the EC committed to organise a two phased evaluation of the APF which would feed into future

discussions of the overall political and strategic orientation of the APF. Following the first APF evaluation exercise in early 2011 that specifically reviewed APF sources of funding and procedures, the second phase of the APF Evaluation was launched in 2012.17 The purpose of the second phase is to assess the extension to which the APF has been relevant, efficient, effective and sustainable in providing the expected impacts in the African peace and security sector; the coordination and complementarity with other donors and actors; the coherence with the relevant EU policies and the partner governments' priorities and activities as well as with relevant international legal commitments. The submission of the final report is expected for end of August 2013 so that the findings and recommendations can feed into the next APF programming phase. II. APF Expert Pool In 2012, a two-year service contract, the so-called APF Expert Pool, has been concluded. The objective of this contract is to provide the AUC and RECs/RMs with high quality and timely external technical assistance (TA) for facilitating the implementation of programmes related to

17 This is in line with the provisions of Article 12 (f) of Council Regulation No 617/2007 of 14 May 2007 on the

implementation of the 10th European Development Fund.

Mali refugees in Gao, Mali March 2012 (EC/ECHO/Cyprien Fabre)

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the Action Plan of the Peace and Security Partnership. A particular focus is the operationalisation of the APSA, via individual long-term assignments as well as via short-term TA in a wide range of capacity building, crisis prevention/resolution and post crisis activities, including policy formulation. Three long-term experts have been recruited (see table 2) to allow for smooth management of the APSA support programme and other upcoming APF-funded programmes (i.e. support to Training Centers, AMANI, Joint Financing Arrangements), to consolidate the progress achieved in AMISOM financial management, and to support ECCAS for MICOPAX management. Moreover, three short-term assignments for TA have been launched in 2012 on the request of the AU and ECOWAS; two of these assignments have been completed (see table 3). II. Management (AU and RECs) One of the major challenges that the AU Commission (AUC) is facing is to strengthen its institutional capacities up to a level which is commensurate with its political role and ambitions. Financial ex-post audits are systematically conducted for all APF interventions, including AU-led peace support operations. Several of these audits have identified weaknesses in the AU financial management and the European Commission has, therefore, considerably increased its focus on this area. In June 2011, an "Aide Memoire on measures to strengthen AUC Financial Management and AU-EU cooperation" was signed outlining a number of measures to strengthen AUC financial management and improve cooperation between the two institutions. In 2012, the EU has

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continued to remain fully committed to support this institutional transformation process and has provided not only considerable financial support, but also technical assistance and general institutional support in this field. As a result of the joint efforts, the AUC has made considerable progress in this area. IV. Coherence With enhanced EU funding made available for the operationalisation of APSA under the 10th EDF, strengthening of coherence and complementarity as well as development of synergies become increasingly important. EU support should be delivered through one comprehensive framework mirroring AU and RECs/RMs strategic objectives and priorities, adapted to different stages of progress, filling gaps and enabling all actors to fulfil their tasks and responsibilities. This includes also that, in the spirit of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy and the principle of African solidarity, the

Assignment Requesting Organisation

Implementation period

Working time

Deliverables Status

Long-Term Expert

1 Programme Management Advice for APF-funded

capacity building

programmes

African Union

07/02/2012 - 22/01/2014

23 months

weekly reports

Ongoing

2 Financial Management Advice for AMISOM

African Union

15/03/2012 - 22/01/2014

22 months

weekly reports

Ongoing

3 Financial Management Advice for MICOPAX

ECCAS 08/08/2012 - 22/01/2014

17 months

weekly reports

Ongoing

Short-Term Experts

1 Support to the African Union in the Development of a Concept for the ASF continental e-library

African Union

02.07.2012 - 01.12.2012

50 days

2 interim reports submitted; Final report expected

Ongoing

2 Independent review of the first phase of the JFA Salary Fund for the Peace and Security Programme of the African Union Commission

African Union

31/08/2012 – 22/11/2012

35 days (x 2) (2 experts)

Report submitted

Completed

3 Support to ECOWAS in Financial Management of a possible Peace Operation in Mali

ECOWAS 06/11/2012 - 11/12/2012

30 days Report submitted

Completed

Table 3: Long- and Short Term Experts recruited in the framework of the APF Expert Pool

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APF should be a truly pan-African instrument that involves fully all African countries. Moreover, APF support is being fully aligned with the APSA Roadmap, notably the above mentioned €40 million "APSA support programme". Efforts are also being made to further strengthen coherence and complementarity between EU activities funded by the APF, EDF Regional Indicative Programmes, Instrument for Stability, CSDP and others. A permanent dialogue with other Partners, notably EU member states and UN, is being progressively intensified. The EU coordination on APF–supported operations and activities takes place in Brussels, in Addis Ababa and on the ground. In Brussels the coordination is inter- and intra-institutional, taking place in particular within the Council, and the recent creation of EEAS is expected to further strengthen the day-to-day coordination between the Commission and the Council Secretariat. In Addis Ababa, coordination among the different partners (within the EU and with other international partners) is facilitated by the EU Delegation to the African Union in the framework of the African Union Partners Group (AUPG). V. Communication and Visibility During 2012, the EU has maintained its focus on communication and visibility. EC and EEAS staff give regular presentations on EU support to the African Peace and Security sector, including the APF, at international meetings and conferences, give interviews to journalists and researchers and provide briefings for external Partners, NGOs etc.

Press releases and press briefings are prepared for international conferences and systematically for each funding decision by the European Commission. A dedicated APF website is in place, is regularly updated, and triggers considerable interest from the public. The annual APF report18 is widely circulated and a short video19 has been established providing an overview of the APF.

18 Available at <http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/acp/regional-cooperation/peace/documents/apf-annual-report

2010_en.pdf> 19 Available at <http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/multimedia/videos/peace-facility/index_en.htm>

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3. FACTS AND FIGURES

I. African Peace Facility financial overview under the 9th EDF (in million EUR)

Global Commitments Sub-total Individual Commitments (contracted) Sub-total Individual Commitments (paid) Sub-total

2004

EUR 250 m (March) (9 ACP RPR 22)

EUR 250 m

EUR 2.6 m (Jun) PSO (AMIS/I) EUR 6 m (Oct) CB (AUC) EUR 73.7 m (Oct) PSO (AMIS/II) EUR 3.4 m (Nov) PSO (FOMUC/I)

EUR 85.7 m

EUR 2.6 m (Jul) PSO (AMIS/I) EUR 1.6 m (Dec) CB (AUC) EUR 73.5 m (Dec) PSO (AMIS/II) EUR 2.8 m (Dec) PSO (FOMUC/I)

EUR 80.5 m

2005

EUR 8 m (July) PSO (FOMUC/II) EUR 70 m (Nov) PSO (AMIS/III)

EUR 78 m

EUR 6.8 m (Aug) PSO (FOMUC/II) EUR 61.6 m (Dec) PSO (AMIS/III)

EUR 68.4 m

2006

EUR 50 m (Aug) (9 ACP RPR 22)

EUR 50 m

EUR 1 m (Feb) CB (ASF) EUR 5 m (Mar) PSO (AMISEC) EUR 30 m (Apr) PSO (AMIS/IV) EUR 20 m (Jun) PSO (AMIS/V) EUR 7.5 m (Jul) PSO (FOMUC/III) EUR 30 m (Aug) PSO (AMIS/VI)

EUR 93.5 m

EUR 7.1 m (Jul) PSO (FOMUC/III) EUR 4 m (Jul) PSO (AMISEC) EUR 24 m (Jul) PSO (AMIS/IV) EUR 15.6 m (Sep) PSO (AMIS/V) EUR 0.6 m (Nov) CB (ASF) EUR 24 m (Nov) PSO (AMIS/VI)

EUR 75.3 m

200720

EUR 45 m (June) (9 ACP RPR 113) EUR 37.2 m (Oct) (9 ACP RPR 170) EUR 2 m (Oct) (9 ACP RPR 213) EUR 55 m (Dec) (9 ACP RPR 160)

EUR 139.2 m

EUR 15 m (Mar) PSO (AMISOM) EUR 20 m (Apri) CB (APSA) EUR 40 m (Apri) PSO (AMIS/VII) EUR 4.5 m (Jul) PSO (FOMUC/III bis) EUR 36.5 m (Sep) PSO (AMIS/VIII) EUR 0.5 m (Oct) PSO (AMISOM)

EUR 116.5 m

EUR 11.8 m (Apr) PSO (AMISOM) EUR 30.7 m (Jun) PSO (AMIS/VII) EUR 7.4 m (Aug) CB (APSA) EUR 4.1 m (Aug) PSO (FOMUC/III bis) EUR 23.7 m (Dec) PSO (AMIS/VIII)

EUR 77.7 m

2008

EUR 10.2 m (Feb) PSO (FOMUC IV) EUR 5 m (Oct) PSO (MICOPAX I) EUR 3.5 m (Dec) PSO (MAES) EUR 20 m (Dec) PSO (AMISOM II) EUR 14.6 m (Dec) PSO (MICOPAX 1A)

EUR 53.3 m

EUR 4.4 m (Mar) PSO (FOMUC/IV) EUR 1.5 m (Mar) CB (AUC) EUR 0.5 m (Jul) PSO (AMISOM) EUR 4 m (Dec) PSO (MICOPAX I)

EUR 10.4 m

2009

EUR 8 m (Jan) PSO (AMISOM II)

EUR 30.4 m

20

In addition to the above-listed operations and programmes, in February 2007, a EUR 7.5 million South Africa Contribution has been signed for Capacity Building in

Conflict Prevention in Africa. So far EUR 3.8 million has been paid.

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EUR 10.8 m (Mar) PSO (MICOPAX 1A) EUR 2.5 m (Nov) CB APSA EUR 5.4 m (Dec) PSO (AMISOM II) EUR 1.5 m (Dec) CB (AUC) EUR 2.2 m (Dec) PSO (MICOPAX 1A)

2010

EUR 3.8 m (Jun) CB APSA

EUR 3.8 m

2011

EUR 1.1 m (Jul) PSO (AMISOM II) EUR 0.45 m (Aug) CB (AUC) EUR 1 m (Dec) PSO (MAES)

EUR 2.55 m

Total EUR 439.2 m EUR 427 m EUR 349.05 m

II. African Peace Facility financial overview under the 10th EDF (in million EUR)

Global Commitments Total Sub-total Individual Commitments

(contracted)

Sub-total Individual Commitments (paid) Sub-total

2008

EUR 300.6 m (Dec) Three Year Action Programme 2008-2010

EUR 300.6 m

2009

EUR 15 m (Nov) ERM EUR 0.6 m (Nov) MICOPAX 1A N'dele EUR 60 m (Dec) PSO (AMISOM III)

EUR 75.6 m

EUR 3 m (Dec) ERM EUR 30 m (Dec) AMISOM III EUR 0.6 m (Dec) MICOPAX 1A N'dele

EUR 33.6 m

2010

EUR 14.7 m (Apr) MICOPAX 1B EUR 47 m (Sept) AMISOM IV EUR 10 m (July) Support to AUC Personnel in PSD

EUR 71.7 m

EUR 20 m (Apr) AMISOM III EUR 14 m (Apr-Oct) MICOPAX 1B EUR 2.5 m (Aug) Support to AUC Personnel in PSD EUR 25 m (Oct) AMISOM IV EUR 17 m (Dec) AMISOM IV

EUR 78.5 m

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2011

EUR 300 m (Aug) Three Year Action Programme 2011-2013

EUR 300 m

EUR 65.9 m (Mar) PSO AMISOM V EUR 50 m (Dec) PSO AMISOM VI EUR 19.5 m (Apr) PSO MICOPAX 1C EUR 12 m (May) APSA Support

EUR 147.4 m

EUR 0.9 m (Jun) PSO (AMISOM III) EUR 60 m (Apr-Jun) PSO (AMISOM V) EUR 45 m (Dec) PSO (AMISOM VI) EUR 17.6 m (Apr-Dec) PSO (MICOPAX 1C) EUR 5 m (Feb) ERM EUR 3.5 m (Sept) Support to AUC Personnel in PSD

EUR 132 m

2012 EUR 3.6 m (Feb) AULO EUR 28.0 m (Feb) APSA Support EUR 67.0 m (Mar) PSO AMISOM VII

EUR 14.3 m (Mar) PSO MICOPAX 1D

EUR 11.4 m (Apr) Training Centres

EUR 4.0 m (Jul) AMISOM VII

EUR 82.0 m (Oct) AMISOM VIII

EUR 210.3 m

EUR 1.95 m (Jan) PSO MICOPAX 1C

EUR 53.6 m (Mar) PSO AMISOM VII

EUR 2.9 m (Mar) AULO

EUR 11.4 m (Mar) PSO MICOPAX 1D

EUR 5.7 m (May) Training Centres

EUR 1.5 m (Jun) AUC personnel

EUR 1.9 m (Oct) AUC personnel

EUR 65.6 m (Nov) AMISOM VIII

EUR 13.85 m (Nov) PSO AMISOM VII

EUR 1.43 m (Nov) MICOPAX 1D

EUR 12.0 m (Dec) APSA Support

EUR 171.8 m

Total EUR 600.6 m EUR 505.0 m EUR 415.9 m

NOTA BENE: This table shows the Peace Support Operations, the Capacity Building programmes and the Early Response Mechanism financed by the APF over the years. For

the budget line Monitoring/Audits/Evaluations/Visibility/Technical Assistance, EUR 13 million has been earmarked (2008-2013), of which EUR 2.7 million has been

committed so far.

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III. African Peace Facility financial overview under the 9th + 10th EDF (in million EUR)

Global Commitments Total Individual Commitments (contracted)

(PSO, CB, ERM)

Individual Commitments (paid)

(PSO, CB, ERM)

Total EUR 1039.8 m EUR 932.5 m EUR 764.95 m

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4. APF AT A GLANCE

I. APF Financial Overview under the 10th EDF

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Peace SupportOperations

CapacityBuilding

Programmes

EarlyResponse

Mechanism

Audit,Evaluation, TA

Contingencies

540,6

105

17 13 25

417,8

65

15 6,4 7,2

APF Financial Overview 10th EDF (in million EUR)

Funds available (3-Year Action Programmes 2008-2010/2011-2013) Funds Committed by end 2012

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II APF Financial Overview 9th & 10th EDF - Individual Commitments

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

80 78 93 97

53 61 62

135 167,3

6

1 20

10

12

43

15

APF FINANCIAL OVERVIEW UNDER THE 9th and 10th EDF Individual Commitments (in million EUR)

Early Response Mechanism

Capacity Building

Peace Support Operations

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III. Initiatives supported by the Early Response Mechanism

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

AU/SADC LO

Kenya

LRA II

LRA I

Côte d'Ivoire

AUHIP II

Libya

Madagascar

AUHIP I

Guinea

Somalia

Niger

Guinea Bissau

20

12

20

11

20

10

435

395

1 200

1 194

300

1 230

265

422

1 401

373

352

250

337

INITIATIVES SUPPORTED BY THE EARLY RESPONSE MECHANISM (in thousand EUR)

ERM Initiatives

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IV. APF Financial Overview under the 9th & 10th EDF - Individual Commitments - Peace Support Operations

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

4 5 15 15 20 14 16

20

60 47

116

153

5 3 8 8

5

10 76 70

80 77

APF FINANCIAL OVERVIEW UNDER THE 9th and 10th EDF Individual Commitments - Peace Support Operations

(in million EUR)

AMIS (Sudan)

FOMUC (CAR)

AMISEC (Comoros)

AMISOM (Somalia)

MICOPAX (CAR)

MAES (Comoros)

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V. €40 million APSA Support Programme – Breakdown on beneficiaries and activities

-

1 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

6 000 000

7 000 000

8 000 000

AUC COMESA EAC ECCAS SADC IGAD ECOWAS CENSAD EASF NARC

APSA Support Programme breakdown in 2011-2014 (in EUR)

Management support

Other Peace & Security activies

African Standby Force

Mediation

Early warning

Liaison Officers

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GLOSSARY ACP African Caribbean Pacific states AFISMA African-led International Support Mission to Mali AMISOM AU Mission in Somalia APF African Peace Facility AUPG African Union Partners Group APSA African Peace and Security Architecture ASF African Standby Forces AU African Union AUC African Union Commission AUHIP African Union High Level Implementation Panel AU-RCI African Union Regional Cooperation Initiative CA Contribution Agreements CAR Central African Republic CB Capacity Building CEWS Continental Early Warning System COPS Comité politique et de sécurité CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union (EU) DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DEVCO Directorate General for Development and Cooperation, EuropeAid EASF Eastern Africa Standby Force EC European Community ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECHO EU Humanitarian Aid Department ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDF European Development Fund EEAS European External Action Service ERM Early Response Mechanism EU European Union EUCAP NESTOR European Union Mission on Regional Maritime Capacity Building in the

Horn of Africa EUMT EU Military Training FACA Forces armées centrafricaines (Military of the Central African Republic) FOMUC Force Multinationale en Centrafrique (Multinational Force of the Economic

and Monetary Community of Central Africa) IfS Instrument for Stability IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development JAES Joint Africa-EU Strategy JFA Joint Financing Arrangement JOC Joint Operations Centre LRA Lord Resistance Army

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LO Liaison Office MoU Memorandum of Understanding MICOPAX Mission de consolidation de la paix en République Centrafricaine NARC North African Regional Capability NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NAVFOR EU Naval Force NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ODA Official Development Assistance POW Panel of the Wise of the African Union PSC Political and Security Committee (COPS) of the Council PSC AU Peace and Security Council PSO Peace Support Operations PSD AU Peace and Security Department REC Regional Economic Community RM Regional Mechanism (namely EASF and NARC) RTF Regional Task Force SADC Southern African Development Community SSR Security Sector Reform TA Technical Assistance UN United Nations USA United States of America

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CONTACTS

Ms Françoise Moreau [email protected] European Commission DG Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid Head of Unit Africa-EU Partnership – African Peace Facility Mr José COSTA PEREIRA [email protected] European External Action Service Africa Department Head of Division Pan-African Affairs Mr Gary QUINCE [email protected] European External Action Service EU Delegation to the African Union Head of Delegation For more information:

http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/peace-facility www.africa-eu-partnership.org

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