african development bank

The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector

Contents

Aboutthisprimer 2

Acronyms 3

Chapter1 Whyisitimportantforcivilsocietyorganisationstounderstand theAfricanDevelopmentBank(AfDB)? 4

Chapter2 WhatistheAfDB? 5 WhatisthehistoryoftheAfDB? 5 WhoownstheAfDB? 6 HowdoestheAfDBcomparewithotherbilateralandmultilateral donorsinthewatersector? 6 WhatotheragenciesdoestheAfDBworkwith? 7

Chapter3 HowistheAfDBorganisedandhowaredecisionstaken? 8 HowistheAfDBgoverned? 8 HowistheAfDBorganisedbelowexecutivelevel? 8 WhichpartoftheAfDBisresponsibleforwaterandsanitation? 9

Chapter4 WheredoestheAfDBgetitsfundsandwhatservices doesitprovide? 10 WheredoestheAfDBlendfrom? 10 HowdoestheAfDBgroupraisefunds? 11 Onwhatcriteriaaredecisionstolendmade? 13 HowdoestheAfDBlendmoney? 13 Whattermsandconditionsareattachedtoloans? 14 WhatistheAfDB’scurrentfundingstrategy? 14

Chapter5 HowistheAfDBinvolvedinwaterandsanitation? 15 RuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI) 15 AfricanWaterFacility(AWF) 16 NEPADWaterResourcesManagementProgramme 16 InfrastructureConsortiumforAfrica(ICA) 17

Chapter6 WhatistheAfDBprojectcycle? 18

Chapter7 Transparencyandaccountability 20 DisclosureofInformationPolicy 20 Waysofaccessinginformation 21 HowistheAfDBheldtoaccountfortheimpactofitspolicies? 22 CivilsocietyandtheAfDB 22 WhatarethemechanismsforNGOengagement? 23

Annex Usefulcontactdetails 25

2 TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector

About this primer

Thisprimerisaresourceforcivilsocietyorganisationsactiveinthewaterandsanitationsector.

ThepurposeoftheprimeristodeepenunderstandingoftheAfricanDevelopmentBank(AfDB)atatimewhenitsworkinthesectorisexpanding.WehopethisknowledgewillenablecivilsocietytoengagewiththeAfDBfromamoreinformedposition.

Theprimerisacompilationofmaterialfrommanysources.Allmaterialsarereferenced.TheprimerhasbeencheckedforaccuracybystaffoftheAfDB.WewouldliketothanktheBankforthiscontribution.

Theprimerwasjointlywrittenin2007bythefollowingorganisations:

• FreshwaterActionNetwork(FAN)

• AfricanCivilSocietyNetworkonWaterandSanitation(ANEW)

• UgandaWaterandSanitationNetwork(UWASNET),Uganda

• Relaispourledéveloppementurbainparticipé(ENDARUP),Senegal

• SouthAfricaWaterCaucus,SouthAfrica

• ArabOfficeforYouthandEnvironment(AOYE),Egypt

• WaterEnergyandSanitationforDevelopment(WESDE),Cameroon

• WaterAid

TheAfricanDevelopmentBankandthewaterandsanitationsector 3

Acronyms

AfDB AfricanDevelopmentBankADF AfricanDevelopmentFundAMCOW AfricanMinisters’CouncilforWaterAPPR AnnualProjectPerformanceReviewAWF AfricanWaterFacilityCBO Community-basedorganisationCRMU ComplianceReviewandMediationUnitCDP CountrydialoguepapersCGP CountrygovernanceprofileCPA CountryperformanceassessmentCPIA CountrypolicyandinstitutionalassessmentCSO CivilsocietyorganisationCSP CountrystrategypaperEC EuropeanCommissionGFTAM GlobalFundtofightAids,TuberculosisandMalariaGTI GlobalTransparencyInitiativeHIPC HeavilyindebtedpoorcountryICA InfrastructureConsortiumforAfricaIDA InternationalDevelopmentAssociationIFAD InternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentIFI InternationalfinancialinstitutionIRM IndependentreviewmechanismIWRM IntegratedwaterresourcemanagementRMC RegionalMemberCountryNGO NongovernmentalorganisationNTF NigeriaTrustFundOECD/DAC OrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment/Development AssistanceCommitteeOWAS OperationsforWaterandSanitationDepartmentMOPAN Multi-lateralOrganisationsPerformanceAssessmentNetworkNEPAD NewPartnershipforAfrica’sDevelopmentPAR ProjectappraisalreportPIC PublicinformationcentrePPB ProspectiveprojectbriefRWSSI RuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiativeSTAP ShorttermactionplanTWRM Trans-boundarywaterresourcemanagementUNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUNFPA UnitedNationsPopulationFund


Chapter1 Why is it important for civil society organisations to understand the AfDB?

• Becausein2006theAfDBcommittedatotalofUS$3.4billiontomembercountriesinloans,grantsanddebtrelief.Thiswasa32%increaseonthepreviousyear

• BecausetheAfDBisbecomingmoreselectiveinitsapproachwithanewemphasisonwater,infrastructure,energyandtransportnowaccountingfor40%ofoperationsinlow-incomecountries

• Byend2006,theAfDBhadcommittedmorethanUS$4billiontowaterandsanitation,representingabout7.7%oftotalBankapprovalssince1967.Totalapprovalsforwaterin2005and2006amountedtoUS$624million1

• Becauseitsannualinvestmentinthewatersectorissettorise–in2003itlaunchedaUS$14.2billioninitiativecalledtheRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative.TheInitiativeaimstoattain66%accesstowatersupplyandsanitationinAfricaby2010and80%by2015

• TheAfDBiscurrentlystrengtheningitsstatisticalcapabilitiesandanalyticalworktosupportpolicyevolutioninregionalmembercountries.ThiswillenabletheAfDBanditspartnerstodevelopastrongervoiceondevelopmentissuesinAfrica

Investmentinwaterandsanitation,2000-2006(millionsofEuros)2

1 PresentationbyDonaldKaberuka,PresidentoftheAfDBGroup,toAmbassadorsfromMemberStatesoftheBankaccreditedtoTunisiaandRepresentativesofInternationalOrganizationson18January2007

2 Ibid


Chapter2What is the AfDB?

TheAfDBisamultilateraldevelopmentbankthatmakesgrantsandloanstoAfricangovernmentsandtopublicandprivateenterprisesinvestinginAfrica.TheAfDBisAfrica’slargestdevelopmentfinanceinstitutionwhichisdedicatedtocombatingpovertyandimprovinglivingconditionsacrossthecontinent.TheAfDBisalsoengagedinmobilisingresourcesfortheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofitsRegionalMemberCountries(RMCs).

TheAfDB’smandate3isto:“contribute to the economic development and social progress of its regional members – individually and jointly”. TheAfDB’smissionistopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentthroughloans,equityinvestmentsandtechnicalassistance.

TheAfDBGroupcomprisesthreeinstitutions–theAfDB,theAfricanDevelopmentFund(ADF),andtheNigeriaTrustFund(NTF).

WhatisthehistoryoftheAfDB?

In1961,theLiberiancapitalhostedtheMonroviaConferencebringingtogetherHeadsofStateandGovernment.DiscussionsatthismeetingandlaterinLagoscentredontwodraftcharters;onefortheOrganisationofAfricanUnity,andonefortheAfDB.

AdraftaccordwaspreparedandsubmittedtotopAfricanofficials,andthentoAfricanMinisters.OnAugust4,1963,23AfricanGovernmentssignedanagreementestablishingtheAfDB.EightmorecountriessignedupinDecember.TheinauguralassemblywasheldinNovember1964inLagos.

Intheearly1990s,non-regionalmembersexpresseddisappointmentattheperformanceoftheAfDBGroup.Inresponse,theAfDBinitiatedacommissionledbyformerWorldBankVicePresident,DavidKnox,toevaluatetheorganisation.Publishedin1994,theKnoxReportdrewattentiontoanumberofproblems,includingpoorqualityoflending;lackoffocuscausedbytheconflictinginterestsofshareholders;andadiscrepancybetweenofficialpoliciesandactualpractices.Aroundthesametime,Standard&Poor’s,oneoftheworld’sforemostcreditratingagencies,downgradedtheAfDB’sseniorlong-termdebtbecauseofthe“increasingpoliticization”oftheAfDB’scorporategovernanceandmanagement.ThedowngrademadeitmoreexpensivefortheAfDBtoborrowmoneyoninternationalmarkets,andhadaprofoundeffectontheAfDB’sfinancialstability.

TheAfDBmadeeffortstorestoreitscredibilityunderPresidentOmarKabbaj,whotightenedfinancialcontrols,centraliseddecision-makinganddown-sizedstaffnumbers.BytheendofPresidentKabbaj’stermin2005,Standard&Poor’sgavetheAfDBatripleArating(orexcellentcreditrating).WiththeelectionofthenewPresident,DonaldKaberukainJuly2005,theAfDBisintheprocessofdefiningitsfocusandseekingtore-establishitselfasapremier,results-orientateddevelopmentinstitutionwithacomparativeadvantage.

3 Article1oftheAgreementEstablishingtheAfricanDevelopmentBank,http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/LEGALINFORMATION/AGREEMENT_ESTABLISHING_ADB_JULY2002_EN.DOC

� The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector

“President Kaberuka inherited an institution whose financial standing has been restored, but whose operational credibility remains a work-in-progress”4

Who owns the AfDB?

Shareholder support for the African Development Bank

The AfDB is owned by its members. There are 77 members comprising 53 African (Regional) members and 24 non-regional members. Originally an all-African institution, the non-regional members joined in 1982, allowing the AfDB to increase its capital base. Each member country in the AfDB has an equal number of basic votes in addition to a number of votes proportional to its paid-up shares. No one member country or group of countries has veto power. The regional members who currently have the greatest voting power (as of December 200�) are Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa. Non-regional members with the highest voting power are the US, Germany and Canada. The non-regional members hold approximately 40% of the total votes.

How does the AfDB compare with other bilateral and multilateral donors in the water sector?

OECD/DAC statistics show that between 2000 and 2004, around two-thirds of aid for water and sanitation was provided bilaterally and one third by multilateral agencies. On average, the AfDB provides less funding to the sector than some bilateral donors (Japan, United States, Germany, and France). Among the multilateral donors, IDA and the European Commission provide over three-quarters of multilateral support to the sector, with the African and Asian Development Banks providing a substantial share of the remaining quarter.

Links between the AfDB and the World Bank are strong. In 2000, the AfDB and the World Bank signed a Memorandum of Understanding, outlining a strategic partnership between the two institutions.5 The strategic partnership was revised in 2002. The two institutions have drafted a set of action plans that delineates planned cooperation in a set of sectors/themes and countries.

4 Center for Global Development (200�), Building Africa’s Development Bank: Six Recommendations for the AfDB and its Shareholders http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/10033/

5 See World Bank website, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0, ,contentMDK:202�7225~menuPK:538�73~pagePK:14�73�~piPK:22�340~theSitePK:258�44,00.html

The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector �

Source: Development Initiatives, Background Paper for the Human Development Report 2006

What other agencies does the AfDB work with?

The AfDB was criticised in 2004 by the Multilateral Organisations Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN)6 for its failure to engage with other development actors.� However, the AfDB has since become a signatory to both the Rome Declaration on Harmonisation and the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the agreement among donors to better align and harmonise their policies behind recipient country policies. The AfDB works closely with a number of organisations in addition to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, in particular, IFAD, UNDP, the European Union and certain bilateral agencies. The AfDB also has strategic alliances with the following pan-African institutions: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the African Union (including AMCOW and NEPAD), the African Business Roundtable and the African Economic Research Consortium. The AfDB is currently handling some aspects of the NEPAD programme, the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa supported by the G8, the Joint Africa Institute (with IMF and the World Bank) and since 2005 the African Water Facility at the request of the African Ministers’ Council for Water (AMCOW).

Cumulative aid to water and sanitation from multilateral agencies 1990 to 2004 $ millions

AfDB

ADB ECID

A

IDB S

p.Fun

dIFA

D

UNDP

UNICEF

UNFPA

GFTAM

6 MOPAN network members are the Governments of Austria, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The aim of the MOPAN survey is to generate knowledge about multilateral performance at a country level.

� “The AfDB mostly works separately from other donors, and its participation in regular donor coordination activities and cooperation with bilateral donors is weak. AfDB-funded project consultants participate passively at (sector) coordination meetings. They rarely make technical contributions; they are not involved in strategic discussions.” The MOPAN survey 2004, Synthesis report http://www2.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/MOPAN2004.pdf


Chapter3 How is the AfDB organised and how are decisions taken?

HowistheAfDBgoverned?

TheBoardofGovernorsisthehighestpolicymakingorgan.TheBoardcomprisesonerepresentativefromeachmembercountry.TheBoardofGovernorsissuesgeneraldirectivesonBankoperationsandapprovesamendmentstotheAgreement,theadmissionofnewmembers,andincreasestotheAfDB’scapital.TheGovernorsmeetannuallyormoreoftenattherequestoffiveormoremembers.Regionalmemberscontrol60%ofthevotingpowerontheBoard,and40%forthenon-regionalmembers.

TheAfDBBoardofGovernorselectsan18-memberBoardofDirectors.TwelveDirectorsareelectedfromRMCsandsixfromnon-RMCsforathree-yearterm,renewableonce.TheBoardofDirectorsoverseesallBankoperations.TheBoardofDirectorsisresidentattheheadquartersoftheAfDBandmeetsforbusinessasoftenastheworkoftheAfDBmayrequire.Votingrightsareallocatedinproportiontothenumberofsharesheldbyeachoftheregionalornon-regionalmembercountriesrepresentedbyanExecutiveDirector.

TheBoardofGovernorselectsthePresidentoftheAfDBGroupforafive-yearterm,renewableonce.ThePresident,whomustbefromanRMC,chairstheBoardsofDirectors,appointsVice-Presidents–inconsultationwiththeBoards,andmanagestheAfDB’sdailyoperations.ThecurrentPresidentisDonaldKaberuka,aformerMinisterofFinancefromRwanda.ThePresidentistheChairoftheBoardofDirectorsandtheChiefofStaff.

TheAfDBisdividedintofivevicepresidencies:threefocusedonoperations(CountryandRegionalProgrammesandPolicy;SectorOperations;Infrastructure,PrivateSectorandRegionalIntegration),oneforfinanceandoneforcorporatemanagement.

HowistheAfDBorganisedbelowexecutivelevel?8

TheAfDBunderwentrestructuringduring2006andanumberofnewdepartmentswereestablished.TheAfDBisintheprocessofestablishinganetworkof25countryoffices.Atthetimeofwriting,therearefieldofficesinBurkinaFaso,Chad,Cameroon,Egypt,Ethiopia,Gabon,Madagascar,Mali,Mozambique,Morocco,Nigeria,DRC,Rwanda,SaoToméandPrincipé,Senegal,UgandaandTanzania.OpeningnewfieldofficesisintendedtoincreasetheeffectivenessofBankoperationsandenableBankstafftoengagefullywithnationalgovernmentsandotherdonors.TheAfDBisseekingtorecruitawaterandsanitationexperttofifteencountryoffices.

8 AnorganisationchartcanbefoundontheAfDBwebsite:http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/141D5CE76812D186E040C00A0C3D4DC3


WhichpartoftheAfDBisresponsibleforwaterandsanitation?

AWaterandSanitationDepartment(OWAS)wasrecentlyestablishedundertheVicePresidencyforInfrastructure,PrivateSectorandRegionalIntegration.ThedepartmentaimstocentralisetheAfDB’swatersectoractivitiesandtomanagethelargeincreaseinfinancingforthesector.ThedepartmentwillsupporttheimplementationoftheRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI)andensurefundingforprojectsandstudiesinthewatersector.ItwillalsoserveasatrusteefortheAfricanWaterFacilitySpecialFundandwillprovidesupporttotheNEPADWaterandSanitationProgramme,themulti-donorRWSSItrustfund(Denmark,FranceandtheNetherlands)andamulti-donorWaterPartnershipProgrammefundedbytheNetherlands,France,DenmarkandCanada.

TheAfDBisseekingtoincreaseitsprofessionalstaffcapacitythroughtherecruitmentofmorewaterandsanitationengineers,socio-economists,genderexperts,financialanalysts,andsectoreconomists.Anumberofdonorpartners,includingFinland,Denmark,UK,FranceandtheNetherlands,areassistingwiththeprovisionoftechnicalassistants.


Chapter4 Where does the AfDB get its funds and what services does it provide?

Keyfacts

• TheAfDBraisesfundsbyissuingbonds,loanrepayments,fromdonorcontributionsandfromco-financing

• TheAfDBhasthreelendingwindows–theAfDB,ADFandtheNTF

• TheAfDBprovidesloanstowealthierregionalmembersatnearmarketrateswhereastheADFprovideslong-termlowinterestloansandgrantstotheleastdevelopedmembers.TheNTFalsoprovidesfinancingatbelowmarketratesforthepoorerregionalmembers

WheredoestheAfDBlendfrom?

TheAfricanDevelopmentGrouphasthreelendingarms:

1)TheAfDBprovidesnon-concessionalloanstocreditworthymembersandin‘blend’countries(thatiscountriesthathaveGNIlevelshighenoughforthemtobeeligibleforbothcheaploansandlendingathigher‘nearmarket’rates,suchasNigeriaandZimbabwe).In2006,US$1.4billionwasfornon-concessional(ormoreexpensive)lending.9

2)TheAfricanDevelopmentFund(ADF)provideshighlyconcessionalloans(orloansatverylowinterestratesandwithlongrepaymentperiods)andgrantstolowincomemembersthatareunabletoborrowatmarketratesfromtheAfDB.‘Blend’countriescanalsoborrowfromthefund.Thesefundsareforbasiceconomicandhumandevelopmentprojects.In2006,ADFactivitiesamountedtoUS$2billion.10

3)TheNigeriaTrustFund(NTF)isthethirdandsmallestarmoftheAfDBgroup.FundedbytheNigeriangovernmentandfinancedbyoilrevenues,theNTFassiststhedevelopmenteffortsofthepoorerAfDBmemberswhoseeconomicandsocialconditionsandprospectsrequirefinancingonnon-conventionalterms.TheNTFisunderAfDBmanagement.Itlendsata2to4%interestrate,andoffersflexibletermsforinvestment.

9 StatementbyDonaldKaberukatoAmbassadorsfromthememberstateson18January2007http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/SPEECHES/TUNISIA-01%2018%202007-STATEMENT%20BY%20DONALD%20KABERUKA%20TO%20AMBASSADORS.DOC

10 Ibid


HowdoestheAfDBgroupraisefunds?

TheAfDBraisesfundsforitsoperationsby:

• Issuingbondsonthemarket–AfDBhasatripleArating(orexcellentcreditrating)andbeganlastyeartosellbondstoAfricanmarkets

• Loanrepaymentsfromborrowingmembers

• Contributionsfromdonorcountries

• Co-financingwithbilateralandmultilateraldonorsand,inthecaseofprivatesectoroperations,withprivatebanksandequityinvestors

TheAfDB,liketheWorldBank,reliesonperiodiccapitalincreasesofitslendingfacilitiesbymembercountries.DonorcountriescontributenewfundstotheADFeverythreeyears.TheAfDB’sdependenceonthesefundsgivesdonorsinfluenceoverthewaythemoneyisused,andallowsthemtoshapethepoliciesandstrategicdirectionsoftheinstitution.

TheADFisreplenishedeverythreeyears.The11threplenishmentoftheADF,whichwillrunfrom2008through2010,isexpectedtobemoreselectiveinitsfocus.NegotiationsregardingdonorcontributionsandrelatedconditionsbeganinMarch2007.

Toprecipients

Since1967whentheAfDBfirstbeganlending,NorthAfricahasreceivedapproximatelyone-thirdoftheAfDB’sportfolio(overUS$17billion),atrendthatcontinuestodaywithMoroccoandTunisiabeingthelargestborrowers.WestAfricareceivedroughlyaquarterofallloans,withNigeriathelargestrecipient.East(15.2%),Southern(13.7%)andCentral(12.3%)AfricaarethenextlargestrecipientsofAfDBloans,withEthiopia,MozambiqueandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongorepresentingthehighestrecipientsfromtherespectiveregions.11

“BorrowerslegitimatelyhavebeendissatisfiedwiththequalityandspeedofBankservices.Wemuststripawayneedlesssteps,bureaucracy,andbuildaninternalservicedeliveryculture.”

DonaldKaberuka,PresidentoftheAfDB,statementmadeattheADFmid-termreview,December200612

11 SeeBankInformationCentre,http://www.bicusa.org/en/Institution.Lending.1.aspx12 http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/SPEECHES/ADF%20MID-

TERM%20REVIEW%20STATEMENT.DOChttp://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/AFDB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/SPEECHES/ADF%20MID-TERM%20REVIEW%20STATEMENT.DOC

12 The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector

The map shows that far fewer RMCs are eligible to borrow from the AfDB than from the ADF

MOROCCO

MALI NIGER

NIGERIA

CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.

CHADSUDAN

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

SOMALIA

KENYAUGANDA

TANZANIA

BURUNDI

RWANDA

MOZAMBIQUE

SWAZILAND

MALAWI

COMOROS

MADAGASCAR

MAURITIUS

SOUTH AFRICA

LESOTHO

BOTSWANA

ZIMBABWE

ZAMBIA

ANGOLA

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

CONGO REPUBLIC

GABON

NAMIBIA

AfDB beneficiary countries

ADF beneficiary countries

AfDB and ADF beneficiary countries

CAMEROONBENIN

LIBERIA

GUINEA

BURKINA FASOGUINEA BISSAU

THE GAMBIA

SENEGAL

SIERRA LEONE

TOGO

GHANA

COTE D’IVOIRE

MAURITANIA

WESTERNSAHARA

ALGERIA

TUNISIA

LIBYA EGYPT

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

CAPE VERDE

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE


Onwhatcriteriaaredecisionstolendmade?

Countryperformancehasastronginfluenceontheallocationofresources,andgovernanceisanimportantfactorintheassessmentofcountryperformance.

TheAfDBusesatoolcalledtheCountryPolicyandInstitutionalAssessment(CPIA)designedtoassessthequalityofacountry’spolicyandinstitutionalframework.ThistooliscloselyalignedtoindicatorsdevelopedbytheWorldBank.TheCPIAisusedtoassignaratingtoeachborrowingcountry,whichdetermineshowmuchlendingitwillbeeligibletoreceive.DonaldKaberuka,PresidentoftheAfDBhasdrawnattentiontosomeoftheproblemsinherentinthesystem,whichfailstotakeintoaccounttheparticularcontextofpost-conflictcountriesandwhichcanmakeaiddeliveryvolatile,andproduceperverseresults.13

HowdoestheAfDBlendmoney?

Projectloansarethemainfinancinginstrument.Projectlendingin2005amountedto45.6%oftotalapprovals.14

Policy-basedlending(sectorandstructuraladjustmentloans)islesssignificant,accountingforonly12%oftotalapprovalsin2005.Thetrendsuggeststhatthistypeoflendingmaybeontheincreasealongwithanincreaseduseofbudgetsupport.

TheAfDBalsomakesgrants(18.3%oftotalapprovalsin2005).Infrastructurereceivedthelargestshareofgrantapprovals(48.5%oftotalgrantapprovals),withwaterandsanitationreceivingthelargestshare.

TheAfDBparticipatesintheWorldBankandIMF’sdebtreliefoperations(22.2%oftotalapprovalsin2005)withintheframeworkoftheHIPCinitiative.

Guaranteesandequityfinance(accountfortheremaining1.8%ofapprovalsin2005).TheAfDBdirectlyinvestsinprivatesectorfirmsbypurchasingequity(stocksanddebentures)inprivately-ownedcompanies,withanemphasisoncompaniesinthefinancialsector,andonpublicsectorcompaniesthatareintheprocessofbeingprivatised.TheAfDB’spolicyprohibitstheGroupfromowningmorethan25%ofanyspecificcompany.15

Technical assistance

“Beyondourroleasachannelofdevelopmentfinancing,thereisanothercriticalcontributionwhichourcountriesdesperatelyneed–andthatisnotresources,butpolicyadvicesupportonhowbesttodothings”

OpeningstatementbyDonaldKaberukaattheAfDBinauguralannualeconomicconference,November2006

13 SeespeechbyDonaldKaberukaattheADFMid-termReview,December200614 AfricandevelopmentBankGroupAnnualreport2005http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/

ADB_ADMIN_PG/DOCUMENTS/FINANCIALINFORMATION/ANNUALREPORT2005_FULLVERSION_ENGLISH.PDF

15 Ibid

14 The African Development Bank and the water and sanitation sector

Technical assistance grants are provided by the ADF. These grants support the design, development and implementation of projects and programmes. Technical assistance grants are also available for the strengthening of national institutions and regional agencies. A Project Preparation Facility also provides reimbursable resources for feasibility studies, baseline data surveys, environmental impact assessment and other preparatory activities.

In 2006 the AfDB approved the establishment of the Office of the Chief Economist to develop the AfDB’s statistical and analytical capabilities, and to support economists in the AfDB including sector specialists. The Office is also responsible for developing a network of development economists and practitioners with the aim of supporting policy evolution in member countries.

What terms and conditions are attached to loans?

Disbursement of loans is usually made in several tranches over an agreed disbursement period and is contingent on the fulfilment of conditions specified in the loan agreement.

Loans from the AfDB

The AfDB provides loans at non-concessional rates. Repayment of public sector loans takes place over a maximum of 20 years (including a grace period not exceeding five years). Private sector loans normally have a shorter repayment period.

Loans from the ADF

No interest is charged on ADF loans but there are small service charges on outstanding balances. Project loans have a 50 year repayment period with a maximum of five years grace.

What is the AfDB’s current funding strategy?

“Resource allocation has been opaque, narrowly incremental, and driven by the pipeline rather than future strategic objectives and priorities.”

Donald Kaberuka, Statement at the ADF X Mid-Term Review, December 2006

In May 1999, the Board of Governors adopted the ‘Vision of the AfDB: A Re-Invigorated Bank: an Agenda for Moving Forward’. This Vision sets out the ambitions of the AfDB. The Millennium Development Goals, which have been endorsed by African leaders, also provide a basic framework for the AfDB’s development activities.

The AfDB’s 2003-2007 strategy states that the AfDB Group will give priority to agriculture and rural development, with special emphasis on water and sanitation initiatives in rural and peri-urban areas and to human capital development through primary education and basic health services.

A high level panel co-presided by former President Joachim Chissano of Mozambique and former Prime Minister Paul Martin of Canada, is currently developing a new strategic plan for the AfDB. The Panel, which is independent, consulted widely with stakeholders and produced an interim report at the AfDB’s annual meetings in May 2007.


Chapter5 How is the AfDB involved in water and sanitation?

“WearetryingtohelpAfricaclosethegaps[…]–thecredibilitygapbutalsothegapininfrastructure,becausebetterinfrastructureiscritical.Inthisregard,theAfDBhasputanemphasisonroadbuildingandonprovidingaccesstowaterforruralpeopleacrossthecontinent”

DonaldKaberuka,June200616

Byend2006,theAfDBhadcommittedmorethanUS$4billiontowatersupplyandsanitation,representingabout7.7%oftotalBankapprovalssince1967.ThenumberofwatersectoroperationsandtheassociatedfinancingoverthelastfiveyearshaveincreasedincomparisontoothersectorsfinancedbytheAfDB.

TheAfDB’sStrategicPlanforthe2003-2007periodplacesemphasisonimprovedwaterandsanitationservicesinruralandperi-urbanareas.Overrecentyears,theAfDBhastakentheresponsibilityfordevelopingseveralregionalwaterinitiatives,mostnotablytheRuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI);theAfricanWaterFacility(AWF)andtheNEPADWaterandSanitationProgramme;aswellasestablishingtheWaterPartnershipProgramme(WPP)withdonorpartnerstostrengthenitsowncapacitytopromoteintegratedwatermanagementprinciplesandpractices.

RuralWaterSupplyandSanitationInitiative(RWSSI)

TheRWSSIisthelargestandmostimportantoftheAfDB’swaterinitiatives.

• Theaimoftheinitiativeistoprovidesafewaterandbasicsanitationto66%oftheruralpopulationinAfricaby2010,and80%by2015,withthepossibilityofreaching100%coverageby2025

• TheRWSSIseekstoachievethisaimbymobilizingfundsfromarangeofsources;fast-trackingthepreparationandimplementationofnationalWSSprogrammes;encouraginggreatercoordinationwithinthesector;capacitybuildingfordecentralisedGovernment,communities,privatesectorandartisans;andensuringbeneficiaryparticipation

• Thecumulativeinvestmentrequiredtoachieve80%coverageby2015isestimatedtobeUS$14.2billion.Ofthis,US$9.7billionisforprovidingwatersupplyinfrastructureandassociatedinvestments;US$4.4billionisforprovisionofsanitation;andUS$95.5millionisforprogrammepreparationandotherfacilitation

• Theseresourceswillneedtobemobilizedfrominternationalsourcestocoverapproximately80%oftheoverallrequirements–30%throughADFreplenishmentand50%fromotherbilateralandmultilateraldonors–withtheremaining20%financedfromgovernmentresources–15%–andbeneficiaries–5%

16 InterviewwithDonaldKaberuka,June2006http://allafrica.com/stories/200606120096.html


Implementationwilltakeplaceinthreephases:Thefirstphase(2004-2007)isestimatedatacostofUS$4.6billion;thesecondphase(2008-2010)isestimatedatUS$4.2billion;andthethirdphase(2011-2015)isestimatedatUS$5.4billion.

Since2003,theAfDBhasapproved13RWSSIprogrammesandprojectsforatotalfinancingofUS$546million(2003:38million;2004:35million;2005:233million;and2006:240million).ItisexpectedtoreachaboutUS$760millionbyend2007for19RWSSIprogrammesandprojects.

US$4.5billionwasrequiredfromallstakeholders(AfDB,donors,Governmentsandcommunities)tosupportthefirstphaseofRWSSIin18countries.Thistargetwillbereachedintermsofnumberofcountries,butnotintermoffinancing.KeydonorstoRWSSIarethosecontributingtotheADFreplenishments.Inaddition,Denmark,FranceandtheNetherlandsareprovidingearmarkedsupportthroughamulti-donortrustfund.

Atthetimeofwriting,thethreedonorcountrieshadprovidedgrantstotallingUS$90million(US$40millionfromFrance,DKK230millionfromDenmarkandUS$25.5millionfromtheNetherlands).Anumberofdonorpartners,includingFINIDA,DANIDA,DFID,theGovernmentsofFranceandtheNetherlandsaresupportingtheinitiativethroughtheprovisionofTechnicalassistants.

Thereare13benefitingcountriestodate:Mali,Rwanda,Ghana,Benin,Senegal,Uganda,Madagascar,Ethiopia,Morocco,Chad,Tanzania,Mauritania,Zambia.Projectedbeneficiarycountriesin2007includeNiger,BurkinaFaso,Kenya,Mali(SecondProgramme),MozambiqueandNigeria.

AfricanWaterFacility(AWF)

TheAWFisaninitiativeoftheAfricanMinisters’CouncilforWater(AMCOW)tomobilisefinancialresourcesforwaterresourcedevelopmentinAfrica.TheAWFishostedandmanagedbytheAfDB.AWFfundsareprimarilyusedtofundprogrammesandprojectsconcernedwithwaterresourcemanagementwithalong-termviewtocreatinganenablingenvironmentwhichwillattractgreaterinvestmentinAfrica.

TheAWFisgovernedbyaCouncilofthirteenmembers;fiveareappointedbyAMCOWonasub-regionalbasis,onebytheAfDB,onebytheAfricanUnion,oneappointedbyUNWaterAfrica,fivefromthedonorstotheFacilityandtheDirectoroftheAWF.

Centralandlocalgovernments,municipalities,NGOs,CBOsandregional,sub-regionalandsectoralagenciesarealleligibleforgrantsrangingbetweenm50,000andm5,000,000.FinancingorotherformofassistanceprovidedfromtheAWFissubjecttotheapprovaloftheBoardofDirectorsoftheAfDBforamountsofoverm500,000.

NEPADWaterResourcesManagementProgramme

Atthecontinentallevel,NEPADprovidestheoverarchingframeworkfordirectingeffortstoensurewatersecurityacrossthewholeofAfricathroughwaterresourcedevelopmentandmanagement.TheAfDBhastheresponsibilityofassistingNEPADtoimplementitswaterandsanitationinfrastructuredevelopmentprogram.

NEPADandtheAfDBhavepreparedafive-yearShort-TermActionPlan(STAP)whichincludesthedevelopmentof:

• nationalintegratedwaterresourcesmanagement(IWRM)policies

• mitigationoffloodsanddroughts


• meetingbasicneeds

• trans-boundarywaterresourcemanagement(TWRM)

TheimplementationofSTAPhasfocusedonsevenriverbasins:theRiversNigerandSenegalinWestAfrica,RiverCongoandLakeChadinCentralAfrica,RiverNileinEastAfrica,andRiversZambeziandOkavangoinSouthernAfrica.

TheAfDBisalsoassistingNEPADintheformulationofthemediumtolong-termstrategicframework(MLTSF)fortheWaterandSanitationInfrastructureProgramme.

InfrastructureConsortiumforAfrica(ICA)

TheICAisamulti-donorinitiativewhichfocusesoninfrastructureforwaterandsanitation,energy,transport,telecommunicationsandurbanareasinSub-SaharanAfrica.Itisnotafinancingagencybutseeksinsteadtoimprovedonorcoordination,raisetheprofileofthesector,buildcapacityandmobilisefinance.ItssecretariatisintheAfDB.Sinceitsestablishmentin2005,ithasinvestedinanalyticalwork,forexample,theAfricaInfrastructureCountryDiagnosticStudy(AICD)andthemediumtolong-termstrategicframework.


Chapter6What is the AfDB project cycle?

AfDBdevelopmentassistanceadoptsaprojectcyclewhichfollowsanumberofstages,similartothatoftheWorldBank.Belowisastep-by-stepguidetotheprojectcycle.

DevelopmentofaCountryStrategyPaper(CSP)

TheCSPcoversaperiodoftwoyearsandisbasedontheprioritiesoftheregionalmembercountry’sPovertyReductionStrategy.CSPssetthedevelopmentandreformagenda,pointtoinvestmentandpolicyprioritiesandsuggesthowresourcesshouldbeallocated.OncetheAfDB’sBoardofDirectorsadoptsacountry’sCSP,theybecomethebasisforAfDBengagementinprojects,studiesandprogrammeagreementswiththatcountry.

Projectidentification

• SubmissionofaspecificprojectrequestbyRMCgovernment

• ConsiderationofthefeasibilityoftheprojectbytheAfDB

• Elaborationofprojectdesign,involvinganexaminationanddetaileddescriptionoftheproject’seconomic,financialandtechnicalrequirementsaswellastheconditionstoensureitssuccess

Projectsthengoforwardinthefollowingstages:

1)Projectpreparation

• Feasibilityandimplementationstudybygovernment

• FieldvisitbyBankstaffandappraisaloftheprojecttoclarifyobjectives,institutionalandorganisationalimplications,technical,economicandfinancialjustification,andenvironmentalandsocialimpact.

• PreparationofaBankappraisalreport,whichconstitutesthebasisonwhichtheAfDBmakesitsdecisiontofinancetheproject.

2)Formalnegotiations

• DiscussionsbetweentheAfDBandthegovernmenttodefinemodalitiesforthedisbursementoftheloans

• Productionofarecordofthemajorpointsraisedduringnegotiations,signedbybothparties,andalegalagreementthatdefinestheprojectandspecifiestheprogrammetomeetitsobjectives

• SubmissionoftheappraisalreporttotheAfDB’sBoardofDirectorswhomaydecidetoapproveorrejecttheprojectorprogramme,orauthoriseanadditionalappraisaltobemade


3)Projectappraisal

Finalisationofprojectdesign,operationaldetailsandproceduresfullydevelopedandendorsedbyallparties.

4)Projectimplementation

UsuallytheAfDBdoesnotplayadirectrolehere.

5)Projectmonitoringandevaluation

Atpresent,theAnnualProjectPerformanceReview(APPR)servesasthebasisformonitoringperformanceandenablestheAfDBtoidentifyproblematicprojectsandprojectsinneedofmoreintensesupervision.However,theAfDBacknowledgestheneedtodevelopanimprovedperformanceframeworkwithclearandeasilymonitorableindicators.TheAfDBhandbookonstakeholderconsultationandparticipation17recommendsthatprovisionsforparticipatorymonitoring,includingbyprojectbeneficiaries,bebuiltintoprojectdesign,butinpracticethisisnotbeingimplementedconsistently.

6)Projectcompletion

Assessmentofwhethertheprojectobjectiveshavebeenachieved.

7)Portfolioreview

OpportunitytocollectstakeholderfeedbackonBankoperations.

EngagingwiththeAfDBoperations:somequestionsforCSOstoask

1.Whatisthedegreeofinvolvementofsectorpractitioners,endusersandotherdomesticstakeholdersintheprojectdesignstage?

2. Towhatextentaretheproject’sgoals,purposes,andoutputswiththegovernment’sdevelopmentstrategy?

3.WhatformsofparticipationhastheAfDBopenedupintheoversightoftheimplementationandmonitoringphases?

4.Whatlevelsofintegrationdoestheprojecthavewithcentralplanningandfinancingmechanisms?Inotherwords,aretherepredictableandstableformsoffinancenecessaryforrecurrentexpendituresandprojectsustainability?

5.Areloansbeingusedtomeetcapitalexpendituresonly?

6. Intheloancontractionprocess,whateffortsarebeingmadetodisseminateinformationonthevolume,termsandpurposesoflending?

7.Whatpercentageofloanandtotalprojectcostsarereachingbeneficiaries?

8. Towhatextentarecommunityparticipationandbeneficiaryincentivesadequatetomaintaintheprojectbenefitsoverthelongterm?

17 AfricanDevelopmentBank(2001)Handbook on Stakeholder consultation and participation in ADB operationshttp://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/F5F73D98F326C243E030A8C0668C7C52


Chapter7 Transparency and accountability

DisclosureofInformationPolicy

TheAfDBdevelopedanewpolicyondisclosureofinformationin2004,whichwasreviewedagainin2005.Themainthrustofthepolicyisto“discloseallinformationonitsoperationsandactivitiesunlesstherearecompellingreasonsnottodoso”.18

Arangeofoperationalinformationistobemadeavailable(seetablebelow)aswellasinformationonenvironmentalandsocialimpactassessments;progressreportsonprojectimplementation;evaluations;informationonprocurementandservices;Bankfinancialinformationandsomeadministrativeandlegalinformation.Notably,therecentreviewmadeavailablesummarydecisionsoftheBoardofDirectors(seethedisclosurepolicyforfulldetails).Informationthatwillnotbedisclosedincluderecordsofinternaldeliberativeprocesses;legaladviceandmattersindispute;internalfinancialinformationthatmayaffectgroupactivitiesincapitalandfinancialmarkets;informationdealingwithinternaladministration.

WhiletheAfDB’spolicyisrecognisedtobeprogressive,inpracticetheDisclosureofInformationPolicyisnotknowntothepublicortocivilsocietyorganisations.

OperationalinformationavailablefromtheAfDB

Typeofinformation Whatdoesittellyou? How/whencanyouaccessit?

Economicandsectorstudies,reviewsandstrategypapers

PubliclyavailableafterconsiderationbytheBoard

CountryStrategyPapers(CSP)

Outlinespriorityareasforbankintervention.

Draftshouldbeavailableaspartofthein-countryconsultationprocess.

CountryGovernanceProfile(CGP)

Assessesgovernanceandmapsotherdonorinterventionsinthisarea

PubliclyavailableafterconsiderationbytheBoard

CountryDialoguePapers(CDP)

InlieuofCSPsforcountriesinchronicarrearsorinnon-accrualstatus(arrearsofsixmonthsormore);servesasabasisfordialoguetoaccelerateresumptionofBankoperations

PubliclyavailableafterBoardapproval

18 TheAfDBGroupPolicyonDisclosureofInformation,October2005http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/18605BE4282F0594E040C00A0C3D1115


Policybasedloandocuments(afterBoardapproval)

Documentsrelatingtoquick-disbursingfundsforpolicyandinstitutionalreform.

Publiclyavailableafterapprovaloftheloan.

CountryPerformanceAssessment(CPA)

Madeupoftwoparts,theCountryPolicyandInstitutionalAssessment(CPIA)andtheCountryPortfolioRating(CPR).

TheoverallCPAisavailableontheAfDBwebsitealongwiththeCPRandtheCPIAquestionnaire.

HIPC-relateddocuments

ProvidesinformationonamountofHIPCdebtreliefacountryisentitlestoaswellastheplantofinancethebalanceoftheAfDBgroup’sshare.

DocumentsavailableafterBoardreviewunlessthecountryconcernedobjects.

ProspectiveProjectBrief(PPB)

Makesprojectinformationavailablewhileaprojectisstillunderpreparationandsubjecttochange.

Publicdisclosureonlyafterconsultationwithcountrygovernmentconcerned.

ProjectAppraisalReports(PAR)

DescribestheprojectaswellastheAfDB’sassessmentofthefeasibilityofandjustificationfortheproject.

PubliclyavailableafterBoardapproval.

OperationsPolicyPapers

Includessectoralpolicypapersandguidelines.

AvailableonrequestthroughthePublicInformationCentre(PIC),fieldofficesandthewebsitewithin2weeksofapprovalbytheBoardofdirectors.Draftpolicypaperswillbeavailableonthewebsite50dayspriortoBoardapproval.

Waysofaccessinginformation

TheAfDBhasrecentlyoverhauleditswebsite,makingiteasiertoaccessawiderrangeofinformationonBankoperationsandprojects.Althoughthisiscommendable,itshouldbenotedthatmanyAfricanorganisationsdonothavereliableaccesstotheinternet.

Thewebsiteprovidesasearchfacilitywhichallowsyoutoaccessdetailsofprojectsbycountry,alongwitharecordofloanandgrantapprovalsorganisedbyyear,sector,andlendinginstrument.ThecountrypagesalsoprovidelinkstoProjectAppraisalReports,CountryStrategyPapers,tenders,newsandevents.MostinformationontheAfDBwebsiteisavailableinbothFrenchandEnglish.

Forthosewhohavefurtherenquiries,thereisaPublicInformationCentre(PIC)locatedattheAfDBheadquartersinTunis.ThePICisthereferencepointforthoseseekinginformationontheAfDB’soperationsandactivities,althoughasdecentralisationgets


underway,informationonnationalprogrammesmaybemoreeasilyavailablefromcountryoffices.Whenrequestingprojectdocumentation,itisbesttobeasspecificaspossibleandwhenpossible,toaskfordocumentsbyname.Afeemaybechargedforsomepublications.TheAfDBwebsiteprovidescontactdetailsforthePICandcountryoffices.

In2005,theGlobalTransparencyInitiative(GTI)conductedresearchtotestthedisclosurepoliciesofanumberofInternationalFinancialInstitutions(IFIs).TheymaderequestsforminutesofBoardmeetings,thecurrentCSPforSouthAfricaandforinformationregardingtheconsultationprocessforanewCSPthatwasabouttobedeveloped.

AfterbeingadvisedwheretoaddressrequestsforinformationbyamemberofstaffinTunis,therequestswentcompletelyunacknowledged.GTIwastoldthattheOfficeofthePresidentincountrywouldbeabletoprovidetheinformation.Thisprovedtobeuntrue.19

HowistheAfDBheldtoaccountfortheimpactofitspolicies?

In2004,theAfDBestablishedanIndependentReviewMechanism(IRM)whichissimilartoaccountabilitymechanismsfoundatotherIFIs(forexample,theWorldBank’sInspectionPanel).ThestatedpurposeoftheIRMis“toreceiverequestsfrompersonsadverselyaffectedbyaprojectfinancedbyaBankGroupentity.”TheIRMwillreceivesuchrequestsfromtwoormorepeoplewhocandemonstratethattheirrightsorinterestshavebeennegativelyaffectedbytheAfDB’sfailuretocomplywithitsownoperationalpoliciesandprocedures.

TheIRMconsistsofaComplianceReviewandMediationUnit(CRMU)andaRosterofExperts.TheCRMUisaunitwithintheAfDBthatdeterminestheeligibilityofarequest,managestheprocessandcarriesout‘problemsolving’.TheCRMUmayalsorecommendremedialactionbywayofaComplianceReview.IfapprovedbytheBoardofDirectors,externalexperts(remuneratedbytheAfDB)willinvestigatetheAfDB’spolicycomplianceintheprojectandsubmitfindingsandrecommendationstotheBoard.Theoverallprocedureislengthyanditisnotclearwhethercompensationisavailabletothosewhoserequestisjudgedtoberightful.

CivilsocietyandtheAfDB

Cooperationwithcivilsocietyisstillweak.TheAfDBpublisheditspolicyandguidelinesoncooperationwithcivilsocietyorganisationsin1999.20Thepolicyissaidto‘reflectBankcommitmenttoseekeffectivecollaborationwithselectedpartsofAfrica’scivilsociety’.ThedocumentsetsoutwaysinwhichCSOscanengagebothinpolicyformulationandinoperations.Atthecountrylevel,CSOsmayonlyparticipateinoperations“aftertheconsentoftheRMCgovernment,atleastona‘no-objection’basis”.InadditiontheAfDBhasitsown‘CSOeligibilitycriteria’,whichareadapteddependingonthecontextofeachprojectandprogramme.

19 IDASAandtheGlobalTransparencyInitiative(2006),Behind Closed Doors: Secrecy in International Financial Institutions, editedbyCatherineMusuva

20 AfricanDevelopmentBank(2001),Cooperation with Civil Society Organisations, Policy and Guidelines http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/url/ITEM/F878940A108BFECCE030C00A0C3D15DE


Civil society concerns with the AfDB

• ItisfeltthattheAfDBisheavilyinfluencedbythemorepowerfulinternationalfinancialinstitutions.ThemajorityofAfricanmembershavelimitedcapacitytocontributefinancially.RelianceoncontributionsfromnonAfricanmembersmeansAfricacedingameasureofpoliticalcontrol.Asaresult,theAfDBfacesresourceuncertaintiesandpossiblesabotagebythosethatwouldbethreatenedbyahighprofileBank

• InformationabouttheAfDB’soperationsisnoteasilyaccessible.AlthoughtheAfDBhasrecentlyupdateditswebsite,thisinformationisnotpracticallyaccessibletothemajorityofAfricanCSOswithoutaccesstotheinternet

• ThereislimitedawarenessoftheAfDB’soperations,activities,policies,programmesandproceduresamongthelocalgroupsmostaffectedbythem.Thatsaid,theresponsibilityforkeepingcivilsocietyinformeddoesnotliewiththeAfDBalone,butalsowithmembergovernments

• LimitedunderstandingorconfidenceinCSOsandlimitedeffortstoincreaseengagement

WhatarethemechanismsforNGOengagement?

ItisunclearwhatmechanismshavebeenputinplacetoprovidefortheparticipationofcivilsocietyandNGOsintheprojectandprogrammeprocesses.SomecivilsocietyorganisationsandNGOsareregisteredwiththeAfDBatitsheadquarters.However,AfricanCSOsandNGOshavestruggledtomeettheAfDB’scriteriaforparticipationinBankfundedprojectsandprogrammes.

TheAfDB’sEnvironmentalandSustainableDevelopmentUnitisresponsibleforthecoordinationanddevelopmentofitsoverallrelationshipwithNGOs.ThisunitworkscloselywiththeoperationsdepartmentsoftheAfDBtoensurethatNGOviewsaretakenintoaccountinselectedBankoperationsandinpolicydialoguewithRMCs.WiththedecentralisationoftheAfDB’soperations,thereismorescopeforCSOengagementatthecountrylevel.However,thisrelationshipisoverseenandlimitedbygovernments.Effortstoinvolvestakeholdersin,forexample,thedevelopmentofCountryStrategyPapers,hassofarbeenincidental.

AfDB/CSOs Permanent Committee

Thecommitteewasestablishedin1996andwassupposedtomeeteveryyearbutthishasnotbeenthecase.

• ThiscommitteewaschairedbyAfDBRepresentativeandarepresentativeofAfricanCSOsandtherearetworepresentativesfromeachsub-regioninAfrica

• Discussionshavenothadaclearfocus.Thecommitteewasmeanttomeettodiscusskeyissuesindevelopmentthatfacethecontinent

• EngagingCSOsandNGOsinPolicymakingwasconsideredtobeoneofthemainobjectivesofthecommittee,butithasnotbeenachievedbecauseofpoorinterdepartmentalcoordinationwithintheAfDB

• ThecommitteeexpressedanintentiontoinvolvelocalNGOsinthemonitoringandevaluationprocess,butthishasnothappenedbecauseofAfDBrulesandlegislation


Annual meetings

TheAfDBannualmeetingsareheldinmidtolateMayeachyear.ThemeetingsmaybeavenuethroughwhichcivilsocietyorganisationscanexertinfluenceonBankmanagementandpolicies,althoughthishasnotbeenthecasesofar.Themeetingstaketheformofaministerialroundtablefollowedbyaseriesofseminars.

TheAfDBhasalsoorganisedaWaterWeekinthepast(2004).ThiseventbringstogetherAfDBwaterstaff,aswellasinvitedexternalstakeholders,includingclients,donororganisations,NGOs,andprivatesectorrepresentatives.


Annex Useful contact details

HeadquartersRueJosephAnoma01BP1387Abidjan01Coted’IvoireTel:(225)20204444Fax:(225)20204943Contact:Mr.N.SANGBE,OfficialRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

TemporaryRelocationAgencyAngledestroisrues:AvenueduGhana,RuePierredeCoubertin,RueHediNouiraBP.3231002TunisBelvedèreTunisiaTel:(216)71333511/71103450Fax:(216)71351933Email:[email protected]

Fieldoffices

BurkinaFasoGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationaleduBurkinaFaso(BFFO)ImmeubleAdministratifetTechniquedel’ARTEL(AutoritéNationaledeRégulationdesTélecommunications)5èmeEtageOuagadougouBurkinaFasoTel:(226)50375750/51/53Fax:(226)50375749Contact:Mrs.AntoinetteDINGA-DZONDO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

CameroonGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduCameroun(CMFO)ImmeubleNo1067bisRue1750NouvelleRouteBastosYaoundéCamerounTel:(237)5520354Fax:(237)2200796/0799Contact:Mr.GilbertGALIBAKA,OfficerinChargeEmail:[email protected]


ChadGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduTchad(TDFO)ImmeubleBCC2emeetageAvenueCharlesdeGaulleBP193N’DjamenaTchadContact:Mr.PascalD.BITOUMBOU,ResidentRepresentativeTel:(235)524679,(235)524312/523311Fax:(235)524397Email:[email protected]

DemocraticRepublicofCongoGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauRégionalduR.D.Congo(CDFO)ImmeubledelaBCDC(BanquedeCommerceduCongo)Boulevarddu30Juin–KinshasaNRCKinshasa340KINSHASAIRépubliqueDémocratiqueduCongoTel:(243)0815705989Contact:Mr.MedjomoCOULIBALY,ReprésentantRésidentEmail:[email protected]

EgyptAfDBGroupEgyptCountryOffice(EGFO)1Al-GazayerSquare1stFloor,NewMaadiCairoEgyptTel:(202)5160906Fax:(202)5160868Contact:Mr.O.AW,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

EthiopiaAfDBGroupEthiopiaCountryOffice(ETFO)SEVITABuilding,7thFloorAfricaAvenue(closetoAddisAbabaInternationalAirport)P.O.Box25543Code1000AddisAbabaEthiopiaTel:(251)1627741Fax:(251)1627742Contact:LucyFYE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]


GabonGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauRégionalduGabon(GAFO)ImmeubleSaintGeorgesQuartierKalikakB.P.4075LibrevilleGabonTel:(241)768576/+241768579Fax:(241)768577Contact:MrBassaryTOURE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

GhanaAfDBGroupGhanaCountryOffice(GHFO)HeritageTower7thFloorAccraGhanaTel:(233)21662840,(233)21662818Fax:(233)21662855Contact:Mr.AlieuJENG,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

Guinea-BissauAfDBGroupGuinea-BissauNationalProgrammeOffice(NPO)BissauGuinea-BissauContact:Mr.AnsumaneMANE,NationalProgrammeCoordinator

KenyaAfDBGroupKenyaCountryOffice(KEFO)11thFloor,LandmarkPlazaArgwingsKodhekRoadUpperHillNairobiKenyaCellNo:(254)721940557Contact:Mrs.DominaBUZINGO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]


MadagascarGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationaldeMadagascar(MGFO)ImmeublePleinCiel,9èmeétageAnkorondranoRueRavoninahitriniarivoAntananarivoMadagascarTel:(261)(0)320461418Fax:(261)202264232Contact:Mr.NadjirSAFIR,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

MalawiAfDBGroupMalawiCountryOffice(MWFO)2ndFloor,Kang’ombeHouseBox30732CityCentreLilongweMalawiTel:(+265)01774460-62/64Fax:(+265)01774469Contact:MrFrankKUFAKWANDI,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

MaliGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationaldeBamako(MLFO)ImmeubleInvestimBâtimentBEx-BaseAérienne(QuartierduFleuve)BP2950BamakoMaliTel:(223)6973989Ext:6050-6099Contact:Mr.ThizierSEYA,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

MoroccoGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduMaroc(MAFO)Immeuble“EspaceslesLauriers”1erEtageAngledesavenuesAnnakhiletMehdiBenBarkaHayRiadRabatMarocTel:(212)37565937/37713826/27Fax:(212)37565935Contact:M.MATONDO-FUNDANI,ReprésentantRésidentEmail:[email protected]


MozambiqueAfDBGroupMozambiqueRegionalOffice(MZFO)JAT4Building25SeptemberAvenueMaputoMozambiqueTel:(258)21326409or(258)823945374or(258)823025980Contact:Ms.AliceHAMER,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

NigeriaAfDBGroupNigeriaCountryOffice(NGFO)Plot813LakeChadCrescentMaitamaDistrictAbujaNigeriaTel:(234)94133261/262,(234)96721738/738Fax:(234)94133260/13219563851

RwandaGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauNationalduRwanda(RWFO)ImmeubleBCDI8AvenuedelaPaixBP7329KigaliRwandaTel:(250)504297/Secretariat:+(250)504298Mobile:(250)08308701Contact:Mr.JacobDikoMUKETE,ReprésentantRésidentEmail:[email protected]

SenegalGroupedelaBanqueafricainededéveloppementBureauRégionalduSénégal(SNFO)Appartements3,4,et5RésidenceRokhayaRouteHotelMéridienPrésidentLesAlmadiesDakarSénégalTel:(221)5276686Ext:3821-3826Contact:M.MohamedH’MIDOUCHE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]


SierraLeoneAfDBGroupSierraLeoneCountryOffice(SLFO)BishopBuildingNo13LaminaSankohStreetFreetownSierraLeoneMobile:23276572828Contact:Mrs.MargaretKILO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

TanzaniaAfDBGroupTanzaniaCountryOffice(TZFO)InternationalHouse,5thFloorGardenAve,P.O.Box6024DarEsSalaamTanzaniaTel:(255)222125281/2(office),(255)222125286(Direct)Fax:(225)222125283Contact:Mrs.SiphoMOYO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

UgandaAfDBGroupUgandaCountryOffice(UGFO)14thFloorCrestedTowersBuildingHanningtonRoadP.O.Box28509KampalaUgandaTel:(256-41)236166/(+256-41)236167Fax:(256-41)234011Contact:Mr.M.A.OJELADE,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

ZambiaAfDBGroupZambiaCountryOffice(ZMFO)ABCPyramidPlazaChurchRoadandNasserRoadCathedralHillPOBox51449RidgewayLusakaZambiaTel:(260)1254613Mobile:(260)096643626Fax:(260)1251415or1250114Contact:Mrs.VivienneAPOPO,ResidentRepresentativeEmail:[email protected]

African Civil Society Network on Water and Sanitation (ANEW)

c/o Maji na Ufanisi

Theta Lane, off Lenana Rd, Hurlingham, Nairobi, Kenya

PO Box 58684-00200

Nairobi, Kenya

Tel + 254-20-2727107/8

Fax + 254-20-2726332

[email protected]

www.freshwateraction.net/anew

Freshwater Action Network (FAN)

2nd Floor

47-49 Durham Street

London

SE11 5JD, United Kingdom

Phone: +44 20 7793 4522/4509

Fax: +44 20 7793 4545

[email protected]

www.freshwateraction.net

WaterAid

2nd Floor

47-49 Durham Street

London

SE11 5JD, United Kingdom

Phone: +44 207 793 4500

Fax: +44 20 7793 4545

[email protected]

www.wateraid.org

All three charities are registered no.288701