Africa

AFRICA:

Amanda ParksHattie YoungDanielle Zamarchi

ETHIOPIA

Ethiopia FACTS:

Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa.

The capital of Ethiopia is ★Addis Ababa.

Ethiopia is about the size of Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico combined.

Ethiopia is one of Africa’s poorest countries.

Climate

The climate is moderate on the plateau and hot in the lowlands.

At Addis Ababa, maximum temperature is 26o C (80o F) and minimum 4o C (40o F).

The weather is usually sunny and dry with the short rains occurring February-April.

The big rains begin in mid-June, and end in mid-September.

Environment: Within Ethiopia, there has been a lot of overgrazing, deforestation, and poor agricultural practices which have lead to soil erosion.

In many areas farmland has also been degraded, and lost from cultivation practices.

Severe drought is also a cause to agricultural problems throughout Ethiopia.

Politics:Principal Government

Officials:Prime Minister--Meles Zenawi

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs--Hailemariam Desalegn

Minister of National Defense--Siraj Fegisa

Mayor of Addis Ababa--Kuma Demeska

Ambassador to the U.S.--Girma Birru

President--Girma Wolde-Giorgis

Religion:

Two major religions

Ethiopian Orthodox

Islam

Indigenous Religions

Ethiopian Orthodox

~40% of the population

Keep to days of fasting: Every Wed. and Fri. and the 2 months including Lent and Easter season

Clergy about 250 days

Laity and very devout 165

Saints days

Zar spirits: Adbar, male and female

IslamAdhere to Sunni or Orthodox branch

Signified by three elements

Traditional practices recognized only on Eritrean Coast

Indigenous Religions

Communicate to almighty god through spirits and rituals

Oromo tribe: “Supreme God called Waka”

Spirits in contact with Waka: ayana (contacted through the kallu)

Kallu = “ritual specialist capable of being possessed by these spirits” or in direct communication

Medicine80% rely on traditional over Western

Western incorporated in late 1800s and early 1900s

Practiced in Urban Areas

Traditional Medicine

Disease explained by mystical and natural occurrences

Evil Eye

Herbal components also often used in foods

Greater quantities for medicinal uses

Common herbs: garlic, ginger (colds), basil, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, flaxseed, peppermint

Ethiopian Ethnic Groups:There are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia!

Some of the ethnic groups include:

The Oromo (Galla) group (located in southern Ethiopia) represents about 40% of the Ethiopian population.

The Amhara and Tigrean groups represents approximately 32% of the population.

The Sidamo group represent 9%

The Shankella make up about 6% of the population.

The Somali group make up 6% and Afar make up 4%inhabit the arid regions of the east and southeast.

The Gurage account for 2% of the population; while the remaining 1% of the population is made up of other Ethiopian ethnic groups.

Ethiopian Tribe: Murzi

Ethiopia is one of Africa’s poorest countries.

More than 80% of the nation’s 77 million people live below the poverty line.

10 million who are at the risk of starvation.

Ethiopian Tribe: Murzi

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2oRlK_wI_s&feature=related

Hamar Tribe:The Hamar live on the eastern side of the Omo Valley in southern Ethiopia.

The tribe has distinctive rituals such as:

In order for men to reach adulthood, they must participate in unique tribal rituals such as a cattle-leaping ceremony.

Where as young Hamar tribal women get whipped to prove their love for their kinsmen.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej`prbd-sNgU

Costumes:The Ethiopian traditional clothing is made of woven cotton called gabbi or netella.

Women often wear dresses (Kemis) and netella.

Other ethnic groups and tribes throughout Ethiopia wear different clothing that reflect their own costumes and traditions.

Many ethnic groups and tribes cover their body with leather, or many do not wear clothes at all.

While many tribes decorate their faces and bodies with paints and images.

Ethiopian Languages: There are at least 77 different languages spoken in Ethiopia!

Most of the languages belong to the Semitic, Cushitic, and Omotic divisions of the Afro-Asiatic linguistic family.

Semitic languages are spoken in northern, central and eastern parts of Ethiopia.

The Cushitic languages are mostly spoken in central, southern and eastern Ethiopia.

Omotic languages are spoken between the Lakes of southern Rift Valley and the Omo River.

Amharic, is the official national language, it is part of the Semitic division.

It is the native language of about 30% of Ethiopia’s population.

Ethiopian Food:

The Ethiopian national dish is called wat. The favorite drink of many Ethiopians is bunna (coffee).

FlavorsBerbere: cumin, cloves, cardamom, black pepper, allspice, fenugreek seeds, coriander, red chilies, ginger root, turmeric, salt, paprika, and cinnamon

Spiced fermented butter

http://www.accidentalhedonist.com/media/berabere.jpg

Mannerisms: Eat with right hand only

Commonly share food – comes on one plate and is shared by many

No utensils used – use injera bread to scoop up food

What Food We Made:Chickpea Wat

Ingredients:• Extra virgin olive oil• Red onion• Carrot• Potato• Cayenne pepper• Paprika• Ginger• Salt• Black pepper• Cumin• Cardamom• Tomato paste• Chickpeas• Water• Peas

Open Ended Questions:

1. Why do people in Ethiopia use one plate while eating?

2. Why is it that there is hardly any variation, such as we see in more developed/first world countries in what they eat?

What do you think?

Work Cited:Flag: http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ethiopia&start=18&num=10&um=1&hl=en&biw=1219&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=V5xGzEB-pkf2aM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ipresscenter.com/content.php/704-Ethiopia-Newspapers&docid=PGsUCIJJWpXxvM&w=600&h=300&ei=RgeJToKUOsHX0QHlo_m4DA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=203&vpy=409&dur=1437&hovh=159&hovw=318&tx=172&ty=92&sqi=2&page=2&tbnh=92&tbnw=184&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:18

Africa map: http://www.google.com/imgres?q=africa+flag&um=1&hl=en&biw=1219&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=ZnXZ71UsualSHM:&imgrefurl=http://greatimesmultiplestudios.ning.com/profile/Godstime&docid=bN52KgxtJvYxbM&w=1825&h=1919&ei=7wiJTuCrFsLc0QHkusjlDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=486&vpy=169&dur=4814&hovh=230&hovw=219&tx=144&ty=111&page=1&tbnh=137&tbnw=130&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0

Slide 2 map: http://www.google.com/imgres?q=africa+map&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1219&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=LYzJfmjZVp7btM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mapsofworld.com/africa-map.html&docid=oXrrL9DD_JpnDM&imgurl=http://www.mapsofworld.com/africa-map.gif&w=725&h=750&ei=yQSeToTtCoj_4QSXqfXLCQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=438&vpy=325&dur=651&hovh=130&hovw=126&tx=108&ty=109&sig=109054415602057170129&page=1&tbnh=130&tbnw=126&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=girma+wolde-giorgis&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=919&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=1mMp0NhqRsNgGM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ethiopianreview.com/album/displayimage.php%3Falbum%3D4%26pos%3D27&docid=FzqhyBC__9ZYmM&imgurl=http://www.ethiopianreview.com/album/albums/userpics/10001/Girma-Woldegiorgis-079865865.jpg&w=640&h=480&ei=8v-eTuuOG8nZ0QHb3an_CA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=609&vpy=295&dur=459&hovh=155&hovw=198&tx=107&ty=138&sig=109054415602057170129&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=176&start=0&ndsp=11&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0

http://www.merlinusa.org/where-we-work/ethiopia/?_kk=ethiopian%20photo&_kt=1b1c6a6e-9cdc-4fbc-99c1-f098c91e7911&gclid=CIKWj4PN96sCFct-5QodIUJZKQ

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pictures+of+ethiopian+people&um=1&hl=en&biw=919&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=2yAzsNnG7mjePM:&imgrefurl=http://freeuganda.com/%3Fp%3D1370&docid=43Ouvch6HxWboM&imgurl=http://freeuganda.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/4475722847_1ba27b47a4_o.jpg&w=1024&h=683&ei=QEOgTtmJNIHZ0QH2oNyfBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=106&vpy=380&dur=389&hovh=146&hovw=191&tx=171&ty=154&sig=109054415602057170129&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=191&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0

http://racerelations.about.com/od/understandingrac1/a/Five-Common-Stereotypes-About-Africa_2.htm

http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/language.htm

http://www.alldaynatural.com/nutrition/for-your-dining-pleasure-ethiopian-food/

http://www.africanseer.com/african-articles/templates/?a=254

http://www.travelchannel.com/TV_Shows/Bizarre_Foods/Photos/ethiopia