Afghanistan Rights Monitor Monitoring Cycle 3: August ...appro.org.af/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2017-02-26-ARM-Monitoring... · Afghanistan Rights Monitor Monitoring Cycle 3: August

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AfghanistanPublicPolicyResearchOrganization

AfghanistanRightsMonitorMonitoringCycle3:August–November2016

December2016ProjectReport

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AcknowledgmentsThisisthethirdmonitoringreportoftheAfghanistanRightsMonitor(ARM)fortheyear2016.Itfollowsthefirstandsecondmonitoringreports,whichwerereleasedinAprilandAugust2016.ThisreportwasmadepossiblethroughfundingfromtheMinistryofForeignAffairs,theNetherlands.APPROwishestoexpressitssincerethankstoallthosewhoparticipatedindatacollectionforthisreport.AboutAfghanistanRightsMonitorTheAfghanistanRightsMonitor(ARM)isdesignedtomeetthefollowingobjectives:

1. RegularmonitoringofthecurrentconditionsoffundamentalrightsinAfghanistanusingasetofindicatorsbasedoninternationallyrecognizedstandardsformonitoringCivic,SocialandEconomicrights.

2. Informed,pragmatic,andconstructiveadvocacymessagingonfundamentalrightsneeds,basedonempiricaldata,anddeliveredbycivilsocietyactors.

3. IncreasedcapacityandresponsivenessofpublicinstitutionsinattendingtofundamentalrightsneedsofAfghancitizens.

FormoreinformationonARM,see:www.nac-pp.netAboutAPPROAfghanistanPublicPolicyResearchOrganization(APPRO)isanindependentsocialresearchorganizationwithamandatetopromotesocialandpolicylearningtobenefitdevelopmentandreconstructioneffortsinAfghanistanandotherlessdevelopedcountriesthroughconductingsocialscientificresearch,monitoringandevaluation,andtrainingandmentoring.APPROisregisteredwiththeMinistryofEconomyinAfghanistanasanon-profitnon-governmentorganization.ItisheadquarteredinKabul,AfghanistanwithregionalofficesinMazar-eSharif(north),Herat(west),Kandahar(south),Jalalabad(east),andBamyan(center).APPROisthefoundingmemberofAPPRO-Europe,registeredinBelgium.Formoreinformation,see:www.appro.org.afandwww.appro-europe.netContact:mail@appro.org.afAbouttheResearchersTheresearcherswhoworkedonthisreportwere(inalphabeticalorder):RahmatullahAloko,FarebaAuob,EnayatBashardost,SamadEbrahimi,TairahFirdous,EhsanullahKhalili,FatimaKhavari,RaziaHaidari,MahmoodOmar,SaeedParto,BaryalaiQayoumi,MarziaRahmani,MohammadAnwarRahimi,AhmadSamirRanjbar,AlamuddimRizwan,EhsanSaadat,ZarghonaSaify,LemaSakhizai,NazaninSayed,IsmailZahid,andAhmadullahZiar.TairahFirdous,SaeedParto,andEhsanSaadatauthoredthisreport.APPROtakesfullresponsibilityforallomissionsanderrors.©2016.AfghanistanPublicPolicyResearchOrganization.Somerightsreserved.Thispublicationmaybestoredinaretrievalsystemortransmittedonlyfornon-commercialpurposesandwithwrittencredittoAPPROandlinkstoAPPRO’swebsiteatwww.appro.org.af.Anyotheruseofthispublicationrequirespriorwrittenpermission,whichmaybeobtainedbywritingto:[email protected]

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ListofAbbreviationsAIHRC AfghanistanIndependentHumanRightsCommissionALP AfghanLocalPoliceANP AfghanNationalPoliceAOG ArmedOppositionGroupAPPRO AfghanistanPublicPolicyResearchOrganizationARM AfghanistanRightsMonitorDOWA DirectorateofWomen’sAffairsEUI EuropeanUniversityInstituteEVAW EliminationofViolenceAgainstWomenFGD FocusgroupdiscussionFRU FamilyResponseUnitIDP InternallyDisplacedPersonIOM InternationalOrganizationforMigrationNAP NationalActionPlanOHCHR UnitedNationsHumanRightsOfficeoftheHighCommissionerSTD SexuallytransmittablediseaseUN UnitedNationsUNAMA UnitedNationsAssistanceMissioninAfghanistanUNHCR TheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesUNICEF UnitedNationsChildren’sEmergencyFundUNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationVAW Violenceagainstwomen

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TableofContentsIntroduction ........................................................................................................................... 4

ObjectiveandMethodology............................................................................................................. 6Scope,SampleSelection,Methods................................................................................................... 7

LimitationsandChallenges ................................................................................................................. 8

FindingsfromQualitativeData ............................................................................................... 9Balkh ............................................................................................................................................... 9Bamyan ......................................................................................................................................... 11Daikundi ........................................................................................................................................ 13Herat ............................................................................................................................................. 16Kabul ............................................................................................................................................. 19Kandahar ....................................................................................................................................... 22Khost ............................................................................................................................................. 25Kunduz........................................................................................................................................... 27Nangarhar...................................................................................................................................... 29Nimruz.................................................................................................. Error!Bookmarknotdefined.SurveyResults ............................................................................................................................... 33CivicRights .................................................................................................................................... 33SocialRights................................................................................................................................... 36EconomicRights............................................................................................................................. 37

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 38CivicRights .................................................................................................................................... 38SocialRights................................................................................................................................... 39EconomicRights............................................................................................................................. 40GenderRelations,Corruption......................................................................................................... 40

Appendix1:MonitoringIndicators........................................................................................ 41

Appendix2:ListandDefinitionofCodes............................................................................... 43

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Introduction

AttheBrusselsConferenceinOctober2016theinternationalcommunityreneweditssupportforAfghanistantoachieveitsnationalpriorities,setoutintheTokyoDeclarationandreaffirmedattheLondonConferencein2014.TheinternationalpartnersaffirmedtheirpartnershipwiththeNationalUnityGovernmentofAfghanistanandstrengthenedtheircommitmenttowardhelpingAfghanistantoemergeasasecure,prosperous,anddemocraticnation.ItwasnotedattheBrusselsConferencethatAfghanistanhadmadeimportantprogressincreatingafunctioning,accountableandincreasinglysustainablenationstate,butthatsubstantialchallengesremainedinsafeguardingandbuildingontheseachievements.Thefollowingcommitmentsweremadeondeliveryoffundamentalrights:

1. Strengtheningtheruleoflawandpursuingjudicialreformstostrengthenstatelegitimacyandprotectthesafetyandsecurityofjudges,prosecutorsanddefenseattorneys.

2. EnsuringthatallAfghancitizenshaveaccesstoaformaljusticesystemthatisfairandrespectedinitsapplicationofthelaw.

3. ReducingpovertyinAfghanistanbycreatingemploymentandaddressingparticularlywidespreadproblemssuchaschildmalnutrition,foodinsecurity,poorsanitation,andconflictrelatedimpoverishment.

4. ProtectingandimplementingconstitutionalrightsandinternationalhumanrightsinAfghanistan,withspecialconsiderationoftherightsofwomenandchildren,includingmeasurestopreventviolenceagainstwomenandchildrenandforcedmarriage,andtocombattortureandilltreatmentaswellasdiscrimination.

5. Affirmingthekeyroleofwomenindevelopment,justiceandpeace,includingthecontinuedcommitmenttoprotectingandpromotingtherightsofwomenandgirls,increasingtheiraccesstohealthandeducationservices,improvingtheircapacityforself-reliance,andexpandingtheiropportunitiesforandparticipationineconomicprosperity.ThisalsoincludestangiblesupportfortheNationalPriorityProgramonWomen'sEconomicEmpowermentandtheNationalActionPlantoimplementUNSecurityCouncilResolution1325onwomen,peaceandsecurity(NAP1325),aswellastheAfghangovernment'scommitmenttoensuringtheparticipationofwomeninallaspectsofthepeaceprocess.

6. RecognizingtheroleofcivilsocietyandmediainAfghanistan'sdevelopmentandtheneedtoincludecivilsocietyinpoliticalprocesses.

7. RecognizingthechallengetoAfghanistanandtheregioninmeetingtheprotractedneedsofdisplacedpeopleandrefugees.Therootcausesofdisplacementmustbeaddressedandthereisneedtoprovideongoingsupportandassistance,includingenhancingthecapacitiesofAfghancommunitiesandlocalauthoritiestohelpreturneesandinternallydisplacedpersons(IDPs).1

1Seeforexample,USDepartmentofStatePressNote,“CommuniqueontheBrusselsConferenceonAfghanistan”athttps://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2016/10/262797.htm

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ThecommitmentslaidoutattheBrusselsConferencefacemountingimplementationchallengesbecauseofgrowinginsecurityinthecountry.ThesecuritysituationinAfghanistanremainedcriticalinthethirdquarterof2016withincreasedfightingbetweengovernmentsecurityforcesandarmedoppositiongroups(AOGs).ThefallofKunduztotheTalibanforasecondtimewasoneindicationoftheirgrowinginfluenceinthecountry.

InitsquarterlyreportreleasedinOctober,theUnitedNationsAssistanceMissioninAfghanistan(UNAMA)documented8,397conflict-relatedciviliancasualtiesfromJanuary1toSeptember30,2016,including2,562deathsand5,835injured.Thenumberoffemaleciviliancausalitieswas877(240deathsand637injured)andthenumberofchildrenstoodat2,461(639deathsand1,822injured)forthefirstninemonthsof2016,a15percentincreaseoverthesameperiodin2015.

Theintensificationofgroundfightingisdirectlyrelatedtotheincreaseinciviliancasualties.GroundengagementsbetweengovernmentsecurityforcesandAOGscaused3,254civiliancasualties(829deathsand2,425injured),accountingfor39percentofallciviliancasualties.Thismarksan18percentincreasecomparedtothesameperiodin2015.Groundengagementsremainedtheleadingcauseofciviliancasualties,followedbysuicideattacksandimprovisedexplosivedevices(IEDs).

Attacksintentionallytargetingpeacefuldemonstrations,educationalfacilities,judicialandmediaworkers,populatedurbanareassuchasbazaars,andreligiousplacesincreasedinthethirdquarterof2016.Forexample,onJuly23,2016DaeshcarriedoutasuicideattackinKabulagainstpeacefulHazarademonstrators,killing85andinjuring413.ThiswasthedeadliestsingleincidentrecordedbytheUnitedNationsinAfghanistansince2001.Conflict-relatedincidentstargetinghealthcareandeducationalfacilitiesaswellashumanitariande-miners,poliovaccinators,andhumanitarianaidworkerswerealsoreported.UNAMAalsodocumented75incidentsofattacksdeliberatelytargetingeducationalinstitutions,includingasuicideattackattheAmericanUniversityofAfghanistan,whichkilled13civiliansandinjured48.2

ReliefandrehabilitationforreturneesandIDPsisoneofthebiggestchallengesforAfghanistantoday.Thecountryisfacingenormousdifficultiesinreintegratingitscitizensfromneighboringcountries.AccordingtoaUNHCRreport,300,451documentedrefugeesreturnedtoAfghanistanbyendofOctober2016,madeupof298,153returneesfromPakistan,2,151fromIranand147fromothercountries.3AreportbytheInternationalOrganizationforMigrationinOctober2016citedthereturnof210,998undocumentedAfghanreturneesfromPakistan,mostofwhomreturnedtoKabul,Nangarhar,Kandahar,Herat,Balkh,Ghazni,BaghlanandKunduzprovinces.4

ThesuddenexodusofAfghanrefugeesfromPakistanbacktoAfghanistanthreatenstooverwhelmaidagenciesthatarealreadyoverstretched,withtheWorldFoodProgramestimatingthataround600,000Afghanswillhavereturnedbytheendoftheyear2016.5AsofNovember2016,around5,000refugeeswerereturningeachdayfromPakistan.Withfiercefightingcontinuingthroughoutthecountry,manymoreareexpectedtofleetheirhomesandbecomingIDPs.Conditionsareespeciallydireforundocumentedreturnees,whodonotreceivethesamesupportasthosewhohavebeenformally

2UNAMA,2016QuarterlyReport,ProtectionofCiviliansinConflict3UNHCRReport,AfghanAssistedReturnWeeklyComparisonof2015/20164IOMReport,UndocumentedAfghanReturneesWeeklySituationReport22–28October20165https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04/afghan-exodus-from-pakistan-could-be-catastrophic-without-urgent-aid

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registeredasrefugees.6

DataforthisthirdmonitoringreportwerecollectedbetweenAugustandNovember2016in29urbanandruraldistrictsacross10provinces.ThisreporthighlightsthechangessincethelastroundofmonitoringduringMay-August2016.Thesefour-monthlymonitoringreportsareintendedtounderlineconflict-inducedchangestofundamentalrightsinAfghanistan,andpathwaystoprotecttheserightsdespiteheightenedconflict.ThefundamentalrightsbeingmonitoredaregroupedunderthethreepillarsorCivic,Social,andEconomicrights.Themonitoringdoesnotprovidein-depthanalysisofthecausesofchangesinfundamentalrightsconditions.In-depthanalysisoftheunderlyingcausesofchangeiscarriedoutincasestudies.7

ObjectiveandMethodology

TheobjectiveoftheARMmonitoringroundsistoassesschangesinfundamentalrightsconditionsacrosstentargetprovincesfromJanuary2016toDecember2017.“FundamentalRights”areconceptualizedbroadlytoincludeCivic,Social,andEconomicrights,basedoninternationalstandardsandprotocolsonhumanrights(Table1).8AbaselineassessmentwasconcludedinDecember2015toestablishthebasisagainstwhichtomonitorchangesinfundamentalrightsconditions,followedbytworoundsofmonitoringintheperiodsJanuary-April2016andMay-August2016.ThisreportcoverstheperiodAugust-November2016.Table1:IndicatorsbyPillar9Pillar Indicator

RightstoLife,Liberty,SecurityandDignityofPersonRighttoEfficientandFairJusticeChildren’sRightsRighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs

CivicRights

RighttoFreedomofOpinionandExpressionRighttoHealthRighttoAdequateHousingandFacilitiesFoodSecurityRighttoEducation

SocialRights

FamilyRightsRighttoWorkandFairnessinEmploymentEconomicRightsRighttoDecentWorkingConditions

6https://www.irinnews.org/news/2016/09/13/afghanistan-overwhelmed-refugees-return-pakistan7Thefirstofthesecasestudiesisavailableat:http://appro.org.af/rights-in-afghanistan-human-or-fundamental/8RightspillarswereconceptualizedbasedontheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(UDHR),theinternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights(ICCPR),theInternationalCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights(ICESCR),andprotocolsoftheGenevaConventionastheyrelatetotheprotectionofrightsinsituationsofarmedconflict.Theworkingdefinitionsforeachright’spillarwereadaptedfortheAfghancontextasaresultofthebaselineassessmentinordertoreflectgroundrealities.

9ForafulllistoftheproxiesforeachoftheseindicatorsseeAppendix1.

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Scope,SampleSelection,Methods

Twenty-ninedistrictsin10provinceswereselectedforfundamentalrightsmonitoring(Table2).TheprovincesareBalkh,Bamyan,Daikundi,Herat,Kabul,Kandahar,Khost,Kunduz,Nangarhar,Kandahar,andNimruz.Theselectionoftargetprovinceswasbasedonfactorsincludinggeographicalrepresentationandheterogeneityofsocio-economicconditions,civilsocietyengagement,securitysituation,anddevelopmentfocus.Table2:BreakdownofProvincesandDistrictsProvince Districts

Balkh Mazar-e-Sharif,Khulm,Balkh

Bamyan BamyanCenter,Shibar,Yakawlang

Daikundi Nili,Shahristan

Herat HeratCenter,Kohsan,Guzara

Kabul KabulCenter,KhakJabbar,Istalif

Kandahar KandaharCenter,Arghandab,Daman

Khost Matun,MandoZayi,TereZayi

Kunduz KunduzCenter,ImamSahib,Aliabad

Nangarhar Jalalabad,Kama,Surkhrod

Nimruz Zaranj,Chakhansur,ChaharBurjak

10Provinces 29DistrictsAtotalof662individualswereengagedforthisthirdmonitoringcycle,consistingof86femalesand197maleswhowereinterviewedaskeyinformants,and197femalesand182maleswhoparticipatedinfocusgroupdiscussions(FGDs).AbreakdownofsourcesofinformationisprovidedinTable3.Table3:SourcesofInformation

ProvincialCenters OutlyingDistricts• Workingwomen,inparticularteachersandEPDprovincialwomennetworkmembers

• Workingmen,includingshopkeepers,farmersandteachers

• Representativesofoneyouth-focusedCSO

• RepresentativesofonewomanfocusedCSO

• Representativesofmediaorganizations/journalists

• RepresentativesofAIHRC• ProvincialCouncilMember(Male)• ProvincialCouncilMember(Female)

• AttorneyDirectorforFightingViolenceAgainstWomen

• Legalorganization• DepartmentofWomenAffairs• DepartmentofJustice• DepartmentofEducation• DepartmentofHealth• DepartmentofLaborandSocialAffairs

• DepartmentofMigration• DepartmentofHumanRightsinPolice

• UniversityStudent(Male)• UniversityStudent(Female)

• Workingwomeninparticularteachersandhousewives

• Workingmen,includingshopkeepers,farmersandteachers

• Onecommunityleader(male)• Oneinfluentialwoman• Huqooq• DepartmentofEducation• DepartmentofHealth• DepartmentofPolice

Semi-structuredinterviewswithkeyinformants,focusgroupdiscussions,andaquantitativesurveywereusedtocollectthemonitoringdata.ThemonitoringfindingsreportedbelowarereferencedinfootnotesusingthecodingkeysdescribedinAppendix2.

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LimitationsandChallenges

Anumberofchallengesweremetandovercomeduringthedatacollectionwithoutcausinganyadverseimpactsonthefindings.Thesechallengeswere:• DuetosecurityconstraintsinKunduzitwasdifficulttoconductFGDswithmaleparticipantsinthe

center.Assessingthesecuritysituationfortheresearchers,itwasdecidedtodropthemaleFGDforthethirdmonitoringround.

• InBalkh,aseniorpublicofficialsandanimportantkeyinformantfortheARMresearch,hadbeenreceivingthreatsfromAOGsforgivinginterviews.Shedeclinedtheinterviewforthethirdroundofmonitoring.

• Someoftheintervieweesaskedformoneyinexchangeforbeinginterviewed.Theteammanagedtomakethemunderstandthatthemonitoringwasbeingdonetohighlighttheirplightandthatnomonetarygainscouldbeexpectedbythosewhoagreedtobeinterviewed.Thisissuecausedsomedelaysinfindingintervieweeswhoagreedtointerviewswithoutexpectingmonetaryreward.

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FindingsFromQualitativeData

Balkh

Therearereportsofimprovementsinthebehaviorofpolicetowardthepublic,accesstojustice,freedomofexpressionandpublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLawsinceAugust2016.Atthesametime,however,therehavebeenincreasesinviolenceagainstchildren,childlaborandtherecruitmentofchildreninarmedconflicts.Thesecuritysituationdeterioratedduringthethirdmonitoringround.Andpublicinterestinparticipatinginfutureelectionscontinuedtodecline.Accesstoeducationforbothboysandgirlsisreportedtohaveincreased,andfamilyrelatedissueshaveimprovedsincethesecondmonitoringround.Asignificantimprovementwasnotedinaccesstowater,whiletherehavebeennochangesinaccesstohealthservices,foodsecurity,oraccesstobasichousing.AnincreaseinemploymentopportunitieswasnotedinKhulmdistrictduetoimplementationofvariousdevelopmentalprojects,however,inrestoftheprovinceunemploymentcontinuedtoincrease.Therearereportsofadecreaseingenderdiscriminationinaccesstoformalandinformaljustice,andinaccesstohealthservices.Accesstobasicservicessuchaseducationandpaidemploymentisaffectedbycorruptionthoughtherehasbeenadecreaseincorruptionintheformaljusticesystem.Table1:SummaryProfile–Balkh

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔4 ✔5FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔6

SocialRights: RighttoHealth ✔

RighttoAdequateHousingandFacilities ✔7

FoodSecurity ✔ RighttoEducation ✔8

FamilyRights ✔9

EconomicRights:

RighttoWorkandFairnessinEmployment ✔10

RighttoDecentWorkingConditions ✔

CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔11 Corruption ✔12 ✔13

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Notes:101. Securitysituationdeterioratedduringthethirdmonitoringround.Policeperformanceandbehavior

stayedpositive.2. Accesstobothformalandtraditionaljusticesystemsreportedlyincreasedintheprovince.No

significantimprovementwasnotedintheperformanceofformaljusticeorganizations,however,thegeneralperceptionremainedpositivetowardthem.

3. Incidentsofchildren’sissuessuchaschildlabor,engagementinarmedconflicts,sexualharassment,forcedmarriage,andunderagemarriagehavereportedlyincreasedsinceAugust2016.Children’saccesstojustice,reformcentersandorphanagesremainedunchanged.

4. Interestamongrespondentsinjoiningpoliticalpartiescontinuedwithoutanysignificantchange.Therehasnotbeenanymajorchangeinthehiringprocessforgovernmentvacanciesforeithermenorwomen.

5. Respondents’interestinparticipatinginelectionscontinuedtodecreaseduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

6. Accordingtoamajorityoftherespondents,nothreatsagainstjournalistswerereportedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.HalfoftherespondentsalsostatedthattherehasbeenanincreaseinawarenessoftheAccesstoInformationLaw,mainlyduetoworkshopsconductedbycivicinstitutionsincludingtheMinistryofJustice.

7. Accesstowaterhasreportedlyshownanimprovement,whileaccesstootherbasicservicesremainedunchanged.

8. Accesstoeducationforbothboysandgirlsincreasedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.However,nochangewasnotedinthequalityofeducationservicesinthethreedistrictsoftheprovince.

9. Themajorityofrespondentsreporteddecreasesinviolenceagainstwomen,disputesrelatedtoinheritanceanddivorcecases.However,someoftherespondentsdisagreedandsaidthatnomajorchangehashappenedinfamilyrelatedcasesinlastfourmonths.

10. RespondentsfromKhulmdistrictstatedthattherehasbeenanincreaseinemploymentopportunitiesduetotheimplementationofvariousdevelopmentalprojectsinthedistrict.Intherestoftheprovince,accesstoemploymentcontinuedtodrop.

11. Women’saccesstobothformalandinformaljusticehasincreasedandnogenderdiscriminationinaccesstohealthserviceswasnotedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

12. Corruptionintheformaljusticesystemhasreportedlydecreasedduetotheincreasedsalariesofjudicialstaff.Corruptioninrelationtothepoliceandinaccesstogovernmentjobsremainedunchanged.

13. Intervieweesmentionedanincreaseincorruptionandnepotisminhiringintheeducationsectorandinaccessingpaidemploymentgenerally.

10Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-M-Bal-Go-12,FGD-F-Bal-Go-5,KI-M-Bal-NG-2،KI-M-Bal-Go-11,KI-M-Bal-Go-14,FGD-M-Bal-CS-1,KI-F-Bal-Go-15,KI-F-Bal-PI-1,KI-M-Bal-NG-3,KI-F-Bal-NG-4,KI-F-Bal-NG-1,KI-M-Bal-Go-13,KI-M-Bal-Go-10,KI-M-Bal-CS-9,KI-F-Bal-Go-8,FGD-M-Bal-CS-3,KI-M-Bal-CS-5,KI-M-Bal-Go-21,KI-F-Bal-CS-7,FGD-F-Bal-Go-4,KI-F-Bal-Go-19,KI-F-Bal-CS-6,KI-M-Bal-Go-18,FGD-F-Bal-Go-3,KI-M-Bal-Go-16,FGD-M-Bal-CS-2,KI-M-Bal-CS-4,KI-M-Bal-Go-6,KI-F-Bal-Go-20,KI-M-Bal-Go-2,KI-M-Bal-Go-17,KI-F-Bal-Go-1,KI-M-Bal-Go-7andKI-F-Bal-CS-8

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Bamyan

Intermsofcivicrights,mostindicatorsremainedunchanged,specificallysecurityconditions,policebehaviortowardcivilians,accesstoformaljustice,accesstogovernmentpositions,freedomofexpressionandpublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLaw.Therewerereportsofadecreaseinthesexualabuseofchildren,butanincreaseinchildlabordue,reportedly,toincreasedpovertyanddisplacement.Undersocialrights,basicservices,healthcare,foodsecurity,educationandhousingforIDPsremainedunchangedsinceAugust2016,whilefamilyrelatedissuessuchasdomesticviolenceandforcedmarriagesreportedlydecreased.Undereconomicrights,nosignificantchangewasnotedinaccesstopaidemployment;however,safetyatworkplaceshasreportedlyimproved.Genderdiscriminationinaccesstoformaljusticereportedlydecreased.Corruptioninaccessingbasicservicesmostlyremainedunchanged,thoughtherehasbeenadecreaseincorruptioninhiringteachersintheeducationsector.Table2:SummaryProfile–Bamyan

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3 ✔4RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔5 FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔6

SocialRights: RighttoHealth ✔7

RighttoAdequateHousingandFacilities ✔

FoodSecurity ✔8 RighttoEducation ✔

FamilyRights ✔9

EconomicRights:

RighttoWorkandFairnessinEmployment ✔

RighttoDecentWorkingConditions ✔10

CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔11 ✔12Corruption ✔13 ✔14

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Notes:111. Thegeneralsentimentaboutpolicebehaviorandperformancecontinuedtostaypositive.The

securitysituation,whichshoweddeteriorationinthesecondmonitoringcycle,remainedasbeforewithnochangereportedduringthethirdcycle.

2. Accesstoformaljusticeforbothmenandwomen,whichhadshownimprovementinthesecondmonitoringcycle,hadnosignificantchangesinceAugust2016,accordingtothemajorityoftherespondents.Likewise,nomajorchangewasnotedintheperformanceofformaljusticeorganizations.

3. SexualviolenceagainstchildrenhasreportedlydecreasedsinceAugust2016.4. Childlaborcontinuedtoincreaseaccordingtothemajorityoftherespondents,mainlydueto

increasedpovertyanddisplacement.Otherchildren’srelatedissues,suchasforcedandearlymarriage,andaccesstoeducation,justiceandorphanages,remainedunchangedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

5. Whilehalfoftherespondentsreportednochangeinaccessinggovernmentjobs,othersallegedadecreaseinaccesstogovernmentpositions.

6. Freedomofexpressioncontinuedtobelimitedbyinterferencefromdifferentagenciesespeciallythegovernment.NochangewasreportedinpublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLaw.

7. Anewhospitalwithmodernfacilitiesopenedduringthethirdmonitoringphase.However,accordingtotherespondents,therehasbeennosignificantchangeinaccesstoandqualityofhealthservicesintheprovince,includingmaternalhealthservices,sinceAugust2016.

8. Accordingtotherespondents,amajorityofthepopulationintheprovincedoesnothaveaccesstoadequatefoodandnochangewasnotedinfoodsecuritysinceAugust2016.

9. Familyrelatedcasessuchasdomesticviolenceandforcedmarriageshavereportedlydecreasedduringthethirdmonitoringround.

10. Safetyattheworkplaceshasimproved,butnochangewasnotedinotherservicesatworkplacessuchashealthcareandhygiene.

11. Women’saccesstoformaljusticehasimprovedbecauseoftheraisedawarenessofbothwomenandtheirfamilymembersaboutwomen’slegalrights.

12. Women’saccesstogovernmentjobsremainedlimitedbecauseoflackofinformationandlimitedavailabilityoftheInternetforwomen.

13. Corruptionintherecruitmentofteachersshowedadecline.However,corruptioninthepolice,theformaljusticesystem,andinaccesstopaidemploymentandhealthservicescontinuedasbefore.

14. Corruptionhasreportedlyincreasedinaccessinggovernmentjobs.

11KI-M-Bam-Go-9,KI-M-Bam-NG-4,KI-M-Bam-NG-3,KI-M-Bam-PI-1,KI-M-Bam-Go-2,KI-M-Bam-Go-11,KI-M-Bam-CS-9,KI-F-Bam-CS-8,KI-M-Bam-CS-4,KI-F-Bam-Go-21,KI-M-Bam-Go-7,FGD-M-Bam-CS-3,FGD-F-Bam-Go-4,KI-M-Bam-NG-2,KI-F-Bam-NG-1,KI-M-Bam-GO-12,KI-F-Bam-GO-8,KI-F-Bam-GO-15,KI-F-Bam-GO-13,FGD-M-Bam-CS-1,FGD-F-Bam-GO-5,KI-F-Bam-CS-7,KI-M-Bam-CS-5,KI-M-Bam-GO-19,KI-M-Bam-GO-17,FGD-M-Bam-CS-2,KI-M-Bam-GO-20،KI-F-Bam-CS-6,KI-M-Bam-GO-16,KI-M-Bam-GO-6,KI-F-Bam-Go-1

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Daikundi

SinceAugust2016,therehavebeenimprovementsinpolicebehaviortowardcitizens,accesstoformaljustice,performanceoftraditionaljusticeorganizations,andchildren’sissuessuchasforcedmarriageandsexualviolence.Duringthesameperiod,therehasbeendeteriorationinthesecuritysituation,childlabor,schooldropoutrates,publicinterestinparticipatinginelectionsandaccesstogovernmentpositions.Threatsagainstjournalistsalsoincreased.Therehavebeennochangesinchildren’saccesstojustice,orphanagesorjuvenilehomes.Likewise,implementationandpublicawarenessoftheAccesstoInformationLawremainedunchanged.Therehavebeennomajorchangesinfoodsecurity,accesstoandqualityofhealthservices,orfamilyrelatedissues.Accesstobasicserviceshasimproved,thoughnochangewasnotedinIDPs’accesstoshelter.Educationservicesimprovedintermsofaccessandqualityduetotherecruitmentof1,600newteachers,however,ashortageoftextbooksandlackofinfrastructurecontinuedasbefore.BothinsecurityandalackofinfrastructurepromotingprivateinvestmentaresaidtobemajorreasonsforcontinuedhighratesofunemploymentinDaikundiprovince.NochangeswerereportedinworkingconditionssinceAugust2016.Whenitoccurs,theappointmentofwomentogovernmentpositionsisbelievedtobeonlysymbolicbecausewomenlackdecision-makingpoweringovernment.Corruptionhasincreasedinkeysectorssuchasthepolice,governmentemployment,andprivateemployment.Adecreaseincorruptioninformaljusticeorganizationswasreported,however.Table3:SummaryProfile–Daikundi

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 ✔2RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔3 Children’sRights ✔4 ✔5RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔6FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔7




FamilyRights ✔

EconomicRights:



CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔12Corruption ✔14 ✔15

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Notes:121. PoliceperformancehasimprovedsinceAugust2016,duetovariousadministrativereforms

includingeducationalworkshopsforthepolice.However,halfoftherespondentstillcomplainedaboutpolicebehavior.

2. Thesecuritysituationcontinuedtodeterioratewithanincreaseinrobberies,murdersandbombingattacks.Thegrowinginfluenceofarmedgroups,especiallytheTaliban,issaidtobeamajorcauseofinsecurityintheprovince.

3. Accesstoformaljusticehassignificantlyimprovedandmajorityoftherespondentsweresatisfiedwithformaljusticeorganizationsduringboththesecondandthirdmonitoringrounds.Thischangeiscreditedtoadministrativereformssuchaschangeinthestaffandintroductionofnewmechanismsforresolvingcourtcases.However,peoplestillpreferthetraditionaljusticesystemtoresolvetheircases.Thereasonforthisislengthycourtproceduresintheformaljusticesystem,whilethetraditionalsystemresolvescasesquickly.Theperformanceofthetraditionaljusticesystemhasalsoreportedlyimproved.

4. IssuesrelatedtochildrenthatimprovedsinceAugust2016includedecreasesinbothforcedmarriagesandincasesofchildsexualabuse.However,children’saccesstojustice,reformcenters,kindergartensandorphanagesremainedunchanged.

5. Childlaborandthenumberofschooldropsreportedlyincreasedduringthethirdmonitoringperiod.Therewasalsoanincreaseinthenumberofyounggirlsescapingfromtheirhomesbecauseoffamilyrestrictions.

6. Respondentscontinuedtoremainpessimisticabouttheprospectoffreeandfairelectionsinthefuture.Accesstogovernmentpositionscontinuedtobelimited,mainlybecauseappointmentsarethoughttobebasedonpoliticalaffiliation,nepotism,relianceonmiddlemen,andinterferencebygovernmentleadersinhiringprocess.

7. Threatsagainstjournalistscontinuedtoincrease.Threatsweresaidtoemanatefromvariousagenciesincludinginfluentialgovernmentemployeesandsecurityforces.NochangewasreportedinpublicawarenessoftheAccesstoInformationLaw.

8. DespiteconstructionofafewhealthcentersbytheGlobalWelfareFoundation,accesstoandqualityofheathservicesdidnotshowanysignificantchange.Likewise,accesstoandqualityofreproductivehealthservicesremainedunchangedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

9. Inthecenteroftheprovince,accesstobasicservicessuchasshelter,waterandelectricityhasreportedlyimprovedsinceAugust2016.

10. Someoftherespondentsreportedanimprovementinthequalityofeducationservicesmainlybecauseoftherecruitmentof1,600newteachers.However,therecontinuetobeshortagesofschoolbuildings,laboratories,andwaterandsanitationfacilities.

11. AccesstopaidemploymentremainedunchangedsinceAugust2016.Lackofemploymentopportunities,lackofinfrastructureforprivateinvestment,andinsecurityaresaidtobethemajorreasonsforunemploymentintheprovince.

12. Women’sappointmenttogovernmentpositionswasbelievedtobesymbolicandemployedwomenwerethoughttolackanydecision-makingpowers.

12Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-F-Dai-Go-1,KI-M-Dai-Go-2,KI-M-Dai-NG-4,KI-M-Dai-CS-9,KI-F-Dai-CS-8,KI-M-Dai-NG-2,KI-M-Dai-Go-14,KI-M-Dai-Go-15,KI-M-Dai-Go-13,KI-M-Dai-NG-3,KI-M-Dai-Go-20,KI-M-Dai-Go-18,FGD-M-Dai-CS-2,FGD-F-Dai-GO-5,FGD-M-Dai-CS-1,KI-M-Dai-GO-11,KI-M-Dai-GO-10,KI-M-Dai-GO-8,KI-M-Dai-GO-9,KI-M-Dai-PI-1,KI-M-Dai-GO-12,KI-F-Dai-NG-1,KI-F-Dai-CS-6,KI-M-Dai-CS-4,KI-M-Dai-GO-16andFGD-F-Dai-GO-3

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13. Corruptionintheformaljusticesystemcontinuedtodecreaseduringthethirdmonitoringperiod.However,corruptioninhealthservices,educationandbasicservicescontinuestoexistasbefore.

14. Corruptioninthepolicehasreportedlyincreased,withbribestakeninbothcashandkind.Accesstogovernmentpositionsandpaidemploymentissaidtobelimitedbywidespreadcorruption.

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Herat

FromAugusttoNovember2016,respondentsnotedimprovementsinaccesstoformaljustice.Therehasbeenanincreaseinchildlabor,earlyandforcedmarriages,baad,sexualabuseagainstchildren,andthreatsagainstjournalistsandcivilsocietyorganizations(CSOs).Publicinterestinjoiningpoliticalpartiescontinuedtoincreasewhilecitizens’interestinparticipatinginelectionsappearstohavedecreased.Conflictingviewsappearedinreferencetobothsecurityconditionsandpolicebehaviortowardcitizens.Whilehalfoftherespondentssharedpositiveviewsaboutthesecuritysituationandpolicebehavior,therestbelievedthatthesecuritysituationhasdeterioratedsinceAugust2016,pointingtoanincreaseinthenumberofabductionsandassassinations.Accesstobasicservicesandeducationhasincreased,whileIDPs’accesstoshelterhasdeterioratedinthewakeofincreasingdisplacementfromHelmand,Faryab,andelsewheretoHerat.Foodinsecuritycontinuedtoincrease.Respondentsmentionedadecreaseincasesrelatedtoinheritance,butincreasesindivorcecasesandinviolenceagainstwomen.Mixedviewswereheldaboutaccessandqualityofhealthservices.Halfoftherespondentsreportedimprovementsinhealthservices,althoughtherestcomplainedofshortageshospitalsandhealthclinicsintheprovince.Decreasingemploymentopportunitiescontinuedtoremainakeyconcern.Genderdiscriminationcontinuestobereportedinaccesstogovernmentpositions.However,adecreaseingenderdiscriminationwasnotedintheformaljusticesystem.Corruptionhasdecreasedintheformaljusticesystemandtheeducationsector,buthasincreasedinhealthservicesandinbasicservices.Table4:SummaryProfile–Herat

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 ✔RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔4 FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔5

SocialRights: RighttoHealth ✔6 ✔

RighttoAdequateHousingandFacilities ✔7 ✔8

FoodSecurity ✔9RighttoEducation ✔10

FamilyRights ✔11 ✔12

EconomicRights:




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Notes:131. Conflictingviewsexistedaboutthesecuritysituationandpolicebehaviorandperformance.

Whilehalfoftherespondentsstatedthattherehasbeenimprovementinthesecuritysituationandinpoliceperformanceandbehavior,therestinsteadclaimedthatthesecuritysituationhasdeterioratedsinceAugust2016,withanincreaseinnumberofabductionsandassassinations.Opinionsaboutpoliticalconflictswerealsodividedamongtherespondents.

2. Accesstoformaljusticeforbothmenandwomenhasreportedlyincreasedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle,mainlybecauseofpublicawarenessprogramsorganizedbyvariousorganizationssuchastheHumanRightsCommission.However,traditionaljusticeorganizationsstillreceivemorecasesthanformaljusticeorganizations.

3. Children’sissuessuchaschildlabor,physicalandsexualabuse,earlyandforcedmarriagesandbaadhavereportedlyincreasedsincethelastmonitoringperiod.Childrenfacephysicalviolenceatworkplacesandareengagedinheavyworkwhilereceivingfewerwages.

4. Interestinjoiningpoliticalpartiesamongrespondentscontinuedtoincrease.Widespreaddisappointmentwithelectionscontinuedasbefore.

5. Threatsagainstjournalistsandcivilsocietyactivistscontinuedtoincrease.Intimidationsandthreatsfrombothgovernmentandoppositiongroupshavereportedlyresultedinmediaself-censorship.

6. Conflictingviewswereheldabouthealthservicesamongrespondents.Halfoftherespondentsreportedimprovementinhealthservices,whiletherestcomplainedofshortagesofhospitalsandhealthclinicsintheprovince.NosignificantchangewasnotedinmaternalhealthservicessinceAugust2016.

7. Accesstobasicservicessuchaswater,electricityandshelterreportedlyimprovedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.However,respondentscomplainedthatwealthyandinfluentialpeopleenjoybetteraccessthanordinarycitizens.

8. RecentdisplacementfromFaryabprovincehasresultedinreducedaccesstobasicservicesforIDPs.

9. DespitesomeassistancefromfoodaidorganizationsliketheWorldFoodProgram(WFP),accesstofoodcontinuedtodecreaseintheprovince,withmoreandmorefamiliesfacingfoodshortages.

10. Accesstoandqualityofeducationservicescontinuedtoimprove.11. Respondentsmentionedthattherehasbeenadecreaseincasesrelatedtoinheritance.12. Anincreaseinfamilyviolence,includingviolenceagainstwomen,wasreported.Programson

women’srightsthathavenotinvolvedmeningenderrightsawarenessweresaidtohaveincreasedincidentsoffamilyconflicts.Familyconflictshavealsoincreasedbecauseofunemploymentofmenandpoverty.Anincreaseinthenumberofdivorcecaseswasalsonotedduringthethirdmonitoringphase.

13. Accesstopaidemploymentcontinuedtodecreaseintheprovince.14. Womenaccess’stoformaljusticehasshownsomeimprovementsincethesecondmonitoring

round.15. Women’saccesstogovernmentjobsreportedlydroppedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

13Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-F-Her-NG-1,KI-M-Her-NG-2,KI-M-Her-NG-3,KI-M-Her-NG-4,KI-F-Her-Go-1,KI-M-Her-Go-2,FGD-F-Her-Go-3,FGD-F-Her-Go-4,FGD-F-Her-Go-5,KI-M-Her-Go-6,KI-M-Her-Go-7,KI-F-Her-Go-8,KI-F-Her-Go-9,KI-M-Her-Go-10KI-F-Her-Go-11,KI-M-Her-Go-12,KI-F-Her-Go-13,KI-M-Her-Go-14,KI-M-Her-Go-15,KI-F-Her-Go-16,KI-M-Her-Go-17,KI-M-Her-Go-19,KI-M-Her-Go-20,KI-M-Her-Go-21,FGD-M-Her-CS-1,FGD-M-Her-CS-2,FGD-M-Her-CS-3,KI-M-Her-CS-4,KI-M-Her-CS-5,KI-F-Her-CS-6,KI-F-Her-CS-7,KIF-Her-CS-8,KI-M-Her-CS-9andKI-F-Her-PI-1

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16. Adecreaseinlevelsofcorruptioninformaljusticeorganizationswasreportedandattributedtotheappointmentofnewstaff.Likewise,corruptionineducationsectorshowedadecrease.

17. Anincreaseincorruptionlevelswasreportedinthehealthsectorandinaccessingbasicservices.Corruptionwithinpolicedepartmentsandinaccesstogovernmentjobsremainedunchanged.

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Kabul

ChangesincivicrightssinceAugust2016includereportsofadeterioratingsecuritysituation,anincreaseinpoliticalconflicts,adecreaseincitizen’sinteresttoparticipateinelections,andanincreaseinviolenceagainstchildrenincludingchildlabor,schooldropouts,earlymarriages,andchildren’srecruitmentintoarmedconflicts.Agrowinginterestamongrespondentsinjoiningpoliticalpartieswassaidtobeduetorecognitionthatitwouldenablemoreaccesstoemployment.BothaccesstoformaljusticeandpublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLawhavereportedlyimproved.Therehavebeennochangesintheperformanceandbehaviorofsecurityforces,accesstotraditionaljustice,accesstogovernmentpositionsorchildren’saccesstojustice,orphanages,rehabilitationcentersandkindergartens.Accesstohealth(inthecenter)andbasicutilitiessuchaswater(inthedistricts)havereportedlyimprovedsinceAugust2016.However,therehasbeenanincreaseinfoodinsecurity.Familyrelatedissuessuchasdisputesoverinheritance,domesticviolenceincludingphysicalviolenceagainstwomen,anddivorcecaseshavealsoincreased.Accesstohealthservicesinthedistrictsdecreased.GeneralaccesstoeducationremainedunchangedasdidIDPs’accesstoshelter,education,andelectricity.Decreaseinemploymentopportunitiescontinuedandalargenumberofcollegegraduatesarereportedlyunemployed.Safetyinworkplacesisconsideredsatisfactoryespeciallyingovernmentoffices.Therehavebeenimprovementsinthebehaviorofpoliceandjudicialstafftowardwomen.Womenworkinginhealthclinicsreportedlyreceivemorewagesthanmen.Corruptioncontinuedtoincreaseacrossmostsectors.Table5:SummaryProfile–Kabul

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 ✔2RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔3 Children’sRights ✔4RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔5 ✔6FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔7

SocialRights: RighttoHealth ✔8 ✔9


FoodSecurity ✔11RighttoEducation ✔

FamilyRights ✔12

EconomicRights:



CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔15 Corruption ✔16

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Notes:14

1. Duringthirdmonitoringcycle,policeperformanceandbehaviorremainedunchangedandpositive.However,theweakeningsecuritysituationinKabulhasleadtoadecreaseinpublictrustinpoliceforces’abilitytomaintainsecurityandsafetyintheprovince.ThesecuritysituationinthedistrictofIstalifremainedunchangedandpositive.

2. InKabulCityandthedistrictofKhakJabar,thesecuritysituationcontinuestodeteriorate,withincreasednumbersofterroristattacks,suicideattacks,explosionsandkidnappings.Accordingtotherespondents,interferencefromneighboringcountries,politicalconflicts,politicizationofthemilitaryandthegrowinginfluenceoftheTalibanarethemainreasonsforinsecurityintheprovince.Anincreaseinpoliticalconflictswasalsonotedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

3. Accesstoformaljusticecontinuedtoimproveduringthethirdmonitoringperiod.Thetreatmentofwomenincourtsbyjudicialstaffhasreportedlyimproved.Likewise,continuedimprovementwasnotedintheperformanceofformaljusticeorganizations.Accesstothetraditionaljusticesystemremainedunchanged,however.

4. Duetoincreasedpoverty,therewasthoughttobeincreasesinschooldropouts,childlaborandtheearlymarriageofgirls.Children’sinvolvementinarmedconflicthasalsoincreased.Children’saccesstojustice,rehabilitationcenters,orphanagesandkindergartenscontinuedtobelimited.

5. Thereisagrowinginterestamongcitizens,especiallyyoungpeople,injoiningpoliticalparties.Themotivationtojoinpoliticalpartieswasprimarilytosecureemploymentmorethaninterestinpolitics.

6. Accordingtotherespondents,publicperceptionofelectionsremainednegativewithgrowingskepticismabouttheperformanceoftheunitygovernment.Therehasnotbeenanysignificantchangeinthehiringprocessforgovernmentvacancies.

7. AwarenessaroundtheRighttoInformationLawhasreportedlyincreased.8. AccesstohealthservicesincludingmaternalhealthinKabulCityandKhakJabardistrict

continuedtoincrease.Qualityofhealthservicesshowednopositivechange,however.9. InthedistrictofIstalif,accesstoandqualityofhealthservicesdeterioratedduringthethird

monitoringcycle.10. InthedistrictsofIstalifandKhakJabar,accesstowaterhasincreasedmainlyduetoanincrease

inthenumberofwellsdugbypeople’scouncilsandtheconstructionofdams.However,accesstoelectricityremainedunchanged.Likewise,accesstobasicservicesbyIDPswasunchanged.

11. Foodinsecuritycontinuedtoincreasedespitesomefoodassistancefromaidagencies,tradersandcommunitymembers.Foodinsecurityhasreportedlycausedthedisplacementoffamiliesfromtheircommunitiesinsearchofbetteropportunitiesforearningalivelihood.

12. Duringthethirdmonitoringcycle,therehasbeenanincreaseindisputesoverinheritance,divorcecases,anddomesticviolenceincludingphysicalviolenceagainstwomen.

13. Accesstopaidemploymentcontinuedtodeclineinthethirdmonitoringround.Alargenumberofcollegegraduatesarereportedlyunemployed.

14. Safetyatworkplacesisreportedlysatisfactoryespeciallyingovernmentoffices.

14Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-M-Kab-Go-2,KI-F-Kab-Go-1,KI-F-Kab-Go-8,KI-F-Kab-CS-8,FGD-F-Kab-Go-4,KI-F-Kab-Go-12,KI-F-Kab-CS-7,FGD-F-Kab-CS-10,KI-M-Kab-Go-18,KI-M-kab-Go-19,KI-M-Kab-Go-20,KI-M-Kab-Go-10,KI-F-Kab-Go-11,KI-M-Kab-Go-17,KI-M-Kab-Go-16,KI-M-Kab-Go-6,FGD-M-Kab-CS-3,KI-M-Kab-Go-21,FGD-F-Kab-Go-5,FGD-M-Kab-CS-2,KI-M-Kab-NG-3,KI-M-Kab-NG-4,KI-F-Kab-CS-6,KI-M-Kab-CS-4,FGD-M-Kab-CS-1,KI-F-Kab-NG-1,KI-F-Kab-PI-1,KI-M-Kab-CS-5,KI-M-Kab-CS-9,KI-M-Kab-Go-7,KI-M-Kab-Go-9,KI-M-Kab-Go-13,KI-M-Kab-Go-14andKI-M-Kab-NG-2

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15. Thebehaviorofthepoliceandformaljudicialstafftowardwomenremainedpositive.Femaleemployeeswerethoughttoreceivehighersalariescomparedtotheirmalecounterpartsinhealthclinics.

16. Corruptioncontinuedtoincreaseamongthepoliceandinaccesstobothgovernmentandprivateemployment.

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Kandahar

Therehavebeenimprovementsinthesecuritysituation,policebehaviortowardscitizens,accesstoformaljustice,accesstogovernmentpositions,interestinjoiningpoliticalpartiesandpublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLaw.Positivechangeinchildren’srightsincludeddecreasesinschooldropouts,childlabor,children’sinvolvementinarmedconflictandchildsexualabusecasesaswellasincreasesinchildren’saccesstokindergartens,orphanagesandrehabilitationcenters.Threatsagainstjournalistandoutspokenindividualshavereportedlyincreased,however,andnepotismandinfluencefrompoliticalpartiesandpowerfulindividualscontinuedtobethemainobstaclestocompetingfairlyforgovernmentpositions.ThoughtherehasbeenadecreaseinaccesstoadequatefoodandbasicservicesincludinghousingforIDPs,moregeneralimprovementswerereportedinhealthandeducationsectorsbothintermsofaccessandquality.Familyrelatedconflicts,includingviolenceagainstwomenanddivorcecases,reportedlydeclinedoverthereportingperiod.Women’saccesstosheltersandfamilyresponseunits(FRUs)showedanincrease.Employmentopportunitiescontinuedtodecrease.However,therehavebeensomeimprovementsinsafetyatworkplacesespeciallyforwomen.Adecreaseingenderdiscriminationwasreportedinaccesstogovernmentpositionsandeducation.Atthesametime,women’saccesstohealthservicesandpaidemploymentwassaidtohavedecreased.Corruptionhasreducedinthepolice,formaljusticesystem,andeducationservices.However,increasedcorruptionwasreportedinaccesstohealthservicesandpaidemployment.Table6:SummaryProfile–Kandahar

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3 RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔4 ✔5 FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔6 ✔7




FamilyRights ✔12

EconomicRights:




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Notes:151. GeneralperceptionaboutANPandANAbehaviorandperformanceremainedpositive.Overall,

thesecuritysituationhasimprovedsinceAugust2016,withtheexceptionofafewremotedistricts.

2. Accesstoformalandtraditionaljusticeforbothmenandwomenhasreportedlyincreased.Similarly,theperformanceandbehaviorofformaljusticestaffweredescribedaspositivebytherespondents.

3. Children’srightsimproved,includingdecreasesinschooldropouts,childlabor,children’sinvolvementinarmedconflict,andsexualabusecasesaswellasincreasesinchildren’saccesstokindergartens,orphanagesandrehabilitationcenters.Thesechangeswereconsideredtohavebeenasaresultofpublicawarenesscampaignsconcerningchildren’srightsimplementedbymediaandsomeinternationalorganizations.

4. Nepotism,corruptionandinfluencefrompoliticalpartiesandpowerfulindividualscontinuedtobethemainobstaclesinaccesstogovernmentpositions.

5. InterestamongrespondentsinjoiningpoliticalpartieshascontinuedtoincreasesinceAugust2016.

6. PublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLawhasreportedlyincreasedduetoawarenessraisingprogramsbycivilsocietyandinternationalorganizations.

7. Threatsagainstindividualswhospeakopenlyonvariousissuescontinuedtoincreaseduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

8. Overall,accesstoandqualityofhealthservices,includingreproductivehealthservices,continuedtoimproveduringthethirdmonitoringphase.Theimprovementsincludeincreasesinthenumberofprivatehealthclinicsandpharmaciesandtherecruitmentofspecializeddoctors.

9. AccesstobasicservicessuchaswaterandelectricityhasreportedlydecreasedsinceAugust2016.ForceddisplacementfromHelmandandUruzganhasleadtoanincreaseinthenumberofIDPsinKandahar,andtheysufferfrompooraccesstobasicnecessitiessuchaswaterandshelter.

10. Accesstoadequatefoodcontinuedtodropinthethirdmonitoringphase.Foodassistancefromgovernmentandaidagenciesforfoodinsecurepeople,includingIDPs,remainedminimal.

11. Accesstoeducationhasreportedlyincreasedforbothboysandgirlsintheprovince.Thequalityofeducationhasalsoshownsignificantimprovementmainlybecauseoftherecruitmentofspecializedteachersandconstructionofnewinfrastructure,includinglaboratoriesinschools.

12. Familyrelatedconflicts,includingviolenceagainstwomenanddivorcecases,declinedoverthereportingperiod.Women’saccesstosheltersandFRUshasshownanincrease.

13. Unemploymentcontinuedtoincreaseduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.14. Safetyinworkplaces,especiallyforwomen,hasreportedlyincreased.15. Genderdiscriminationinaccesstogovernmentpositionsandeducationhasdeclined.Women’s

awarenessoftheirinheritancerightshasreportedlyincreased.16. Women’saccesstohealthservicesandpaidemploymenthasdecreasedsinceAugust2016.

15Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-F-Kan-PI-1,KI-F-Kan-CS-8,KI-M-Kan-Go-11,KI-F-Kan-NG-4,KI-M-Kan-Go-12,KI-M-Kan-Go-14,KI-M-Kan-Go-10,KI-M-Kan-Go-13,KI-M-Kan-Go-15,FGD-M-Kan-CS-1,KI-M-Kan-Go-9,KI-M-Kan-CS-9,KI-F-Kan-NG-1,FGD-F-Kan-Go-5,KI-F-Kan-NG-2,KI-F-Kan-NG-3,KI-F-Kan-Go-8,KI-M-Kan-Go-21,KI-M-Kan-Go-19,KI-M-Kan-Go-7,KI-M-Kan-CS-5,KI-F-Kan-CS-7,FGD-M-Kan-CS-3,FGD-F-Kan-Go-4,KI-F-Kan-CS-6,FGD-F-Kan-Go-3,KI-M-Kan-Go-6,KI-M-Kan-Go-17,KI-M-Kan-Go-2,KI-M-Kan-Go-16,KI-M-Kan-CS-2,KI-M-Kan-CS-4,KI-M-Kan-Go-20,KI-F-Kan-Go-1andKI-F-Kan-Go-18

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17. Intervieweesmentionedadecreaseincorruptionlevelsinthepoliceandformaljusticesystemmainlybecauseofanti-corruptioncampaignsrunbycivilsociety,themediaandgovernment.Corruptionlevelsinhiringhavereportedlydecreasedineducationsector.

18. Corruptionhasreportedlyincreasedinhealthservicesandpaidemployment.

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Khost

Undercivicrights,therewerereportsofimprovedsecurityconditions,betterpolicebehaviortowardcivilians,enhancedaccesstoformaljustice,improvedbehaviorofeldersintraditionaljusticesystems,andmorewillingnessamongyoungpeopletojoinpoliticalparties.However,citizens’interestinparticipatinginelectionscontinuedtodecrease.Intermsofchildren’srights,therewasadecreaseinchildren’srecruitmentinarmedconflicts,butincreasesinchildlaborandbaad.Undersocialrights,education,familyrights,andbasicservicesforIDPsshowedimprovementssinceAugust2016,whileaccesstofoodremainedunchanged.Accesstoandqualityofhealthservicesdeterioratedduringthethirdmonitoringround.Undereconomicrights,nochangesoccurredinaccesstopaidemploymentorinworkingconditions.Women’saccesstotraditionaljusticeandeducationshowedanincrease,althoughtherecontinuedtobegenderdiscriminationinaccesstoformaljusticeandgovernmentpositions.Corruptiondeclinedinpolicedepartments,butcontinuedunabatedacrossallothersectors.Table7:SummaryProfile–Khost

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3 ✔4RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔5 ✔6FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔7




FamilyRights ✔11

EconomicRights:




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Notes:161. Generalperceptionsaboutpolicebehaviorandperformancecontinuedtostaypositiveinboth

thecenterandoutlyingdistricts.Effortsbythegovernorandthecommanderofthepolicehaveimprovedthesecuritysituationintheprovince.Educationaltrainingsgiventopoliceforcesintheprovincehaveimprovedtheirbehaviortowardcitizens,especiallywomen.

2. Workshopsandseminarsconductedonlegalrightshavereportedlyledtoanincreaseinaccesstoformaljustice,mostlyformen;however,thetraditionaljusticesystemisstillpreferredbymostcitizensforresolvingtheircases.Improvementwasnotedintheperformanceofeldersinresolvingcasesintraditionalsystem.NochangewasnotedintheperformanceandbehaviorofformaljudicialstaffsinceAugust2016.

3. Therecruitmentofchildreninarmedconflictsdecreasedduringthethirdmonitoringround.Nochangewasnotedinchildren’saccesstojusticeororphanages,however.

4. Deteriorationinchildren’srightsincludedincreasesinchildlaborandintheprevalenceofbaadinruralareas.

5. Thereisagrowinginterestamongyoungpeopleinjoiningpoliticalparties.Highereducationlevelsandawarenessofcivicrightsweresaidtobemotivationsforyouthtobecomemoreactiveinpolitics.Somerespondents,however,believedthatyoungpeoplearejoiningpoliticalpartiestosecureemployment.Accesstogovernmentpositionscontinuedtobechallengedbythemiddlemanpractice.

6. Publicinterestinparticipatinginfutureelectionscontinuedtodeclineduringthethirdmonitoringround,accordingtorespondents.

7. ThreatsagainstjournalistsandoutspokenpeoplehavereportedlydecreasedsinceAugust2016.AwarenessoftheAccesstoInformationLawremainedunchanged.

8. Accesstohealthservices,includingreproductivehealth,continuedtodecreasesincethesecondmonitoringround.Likewisethequalityofhealthserviceshasalsodeteriorated.

9. Disputesrelatedtowaterandlandcontinuedtodecrease.Becauseofreliefeffortsbyinternationalagencies,IDPs’accesstobasicservicesincludingeducationhasslightlyimproved.

10. Accordingtorespondents,accesstoandqualityofeducationhasimprovedduringthethirdmonitoringround.

11. Familyrelatedissuessuchasdomesticviolenceanddivorcecasesdeclinedduringthethirdmonitoringround.Nochangewasnotedininheritancerightsoraccesstosafehousesandshelters.

12. Safetyatworkplacesremainedlimited.Accordingtotherespondents,employersdonotprovidehealthbenefitstotheemployees.

13. Women’saccesstotraditionaljusticeorganizationshasreportedlyincreasedwithmorewomenapproachingtheseinstitutions.Girls’accesstoeducationimprovedsinceAugust2016.

14. Women’saccesstoformaljusticeandgovernmentpositionsremainedlimitedbecauseofprevailingtraditionsandcustoms.

15. Adecreasecorruptioninpolicedepartmentswasreported.16. Corruptionlevelshaveincreasedinaccesstopaidemploymentwhilecorruptioninformaland

traditionaljusticeorganizations,healthservices,andeducation—bothingradingandhiringteachers—continuedasbefore.

16Basedontheinterviewswith:FGD-M-Kho-CS-1,FGD-M-Kho-CS-2,FGD-M-Kho-CS-3,KI-M-Kho-Go-2,KI-M-Kho-Go-7,KI-M-Kho-Go-13,KI-M-Kho-Go-14,KI-M-Kho-Go-16,KI-M-Kho-Go-17,KI-M-Kho-Go-18,FGD-F-Kho-Go-3,FGD-F-Kho-Go-4,FGD-F-Kho-Go-5,KI-F-Kho-Go-1,KI-F-Kho-CS-6,KI-M-Kho-CS-5,KI-M-Kho-NG-4,KI-F-Kho-CS-7,KI-M-Kho-NG-3,KI-M-Kho-NG-2,KI-F-Kho-CS-8,KI-F-Kho-NG-1,KI-M-Kho-CS-9,KI-M-Kho-Go-12,KI-M-Kho-G0-19,KI-M-Kho-Go-21,KI-M-Kho-Go-9andKI-M-Kho-Go-1

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Kunduz

ThefallofKunduzCityinOctober2016forthesecondtimewithinayearindicatedadeterioratingsecuritysituationintheprovince.ChangesincivicrightssinceAugust2016includereportsofanincreaseinpoliticalviolence,increasesinviolenceagainstchildrenincludingchildlaborandchildrecruitmentinarmedconflicts,adeclineincitizen’sinterestinparticipatinginfutureelectionsandanincreaseinthreatsagainstjournalistsandcivilsocietymembers.Therehavebeennochangesinperceptionsoftheperformanceandbehaviorofsecurityforcesandformaljusticestaff.Accesstogovernmentpositionsalsoremainedunchanged.Children’saccesstojustice,withsupportoftheirfamilies,hasreportedlyincreased.Accesstohealthandbasicservices,andfamilyrightsingeneralremainedunchangedsinceAugust2016.IDPs’accesstoshelterwasunchangedaswell.Accesstoeducation,especiallyforgirls,decreasedbecauseofmountinginsecurityintheprovince.Therehavealsobeenincreasesindisputesrelatedtowaterandland.Therewasaslightimprovementinaccesstofoodbecauseofaidprovidedbygovernmentandaidagencies.Decreasingemploymentopportunitiescontinuedandremainedamajorconcernformany.TherehavebeennosignificantchangesinworkingconditionssinceAugust2016.Women’saccesstoeducationandformaljusticehasreportedlydecreased.Corruptioncontinuedtoincreaseinthepolice,educationsector,andpaidemploymentgenerally.Table8:SummaryProfile–Kunduz

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3 ✔4RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔5FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔6

SocialRights: RighttoHealth ✔

RighttoAdequateHousingandFacilities ✔ ✔7

FoodSecurity ✔8 RighttoEducation ✔9

FamilyRights ✔

EconomicRights:



CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔11Corruption ✔12

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Notes:171. ThesecuritysituationdeterioratedinKunduzwiththeprovincefallingtotheTalibanasecond

time.Respondentsdescribedthereasonsforincreasinginsecurityasincludingthefailureofgovernmenttoprovidesecurityandinterferencefromforeigncountries.ViolencerelatedtopoliticalconflictshasalsoincreasedsinceAugust2016.Nosignificantchangewasnotedinpoliceperformanceandbehavior.

2. Nosignificantchangewasnotedinaccesstoformalortraditionaljusticesystems.Generalperceptionsabouttheperformanceandbehaviorofformaljusticestaffremainedpositive.

3. Children’saccesstojustice,withthesupportoftheirfamilies,increasedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

4. Children’sissues,suchaschildlabor,engagementinarmedconflicts,earlymarriages,andschooldropouts,continuedtoincreasesinceAugust2016.

5. Publicinterestinparticipatinginfutureelectionsandinbecomingpoliticallyactivecontinuedtodropaccordingtotherespondents.Nochangewasreportedinaccesstogovernmentpositions.

6. Threatsagainstjournalistsandoutspokenindividualsfrombothgovernmentandoppositiongroupshavereportedlyincreased.NochangewasnotedinawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLaw.

7. Anincreaseindisputesrelatedtowaterandlandwasreportedduringthethirdmonitoringround.

8. Accordingtotherespondents,aidwasprovidedbythegovernmentandaidagenciestofoodinsecurepeopleintheformsofcashandfooditemsduringthethirdmonitoringcycle,butaiddistributionprocesswasnottransparent.

9. AccesstoeducationespeciallyforgirlsdecreasedsinceAugust2016,becauseoftheinsecurityintheprovince.Thequalityofeducationremainedunchanged,however.

10. Adeclineinemploymentopportunitieshascontinuedsincesecondmonitoringcycle.11. Women’saccesstoformaljusticewaslimitedbytraditionalcustomsandinsecurityinthe

province.Girls’accesstoeducationalsocontinuedtodecreasebecauseofinsecurity.12. Corruptionincreasedinpolicedepartments,intheeducationsector(bothinhiringteachersand

gradingstudents),andinaccesstopaidemployment.

17Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-M-Kun-Go-10,KI-M-Kun-CS-9,KI-M-Kun-Go-13,KI-M-Kun-Go-14,KI-F-Kun-Go-11,KI-M-Kun-Go-12,FGD-F-Kun-Go-5,FGD-M-Kun-CS-1,KI-M-Kun-Go-15,KI-F-Kun-PI-1,KI-F-Kun-CS-8,KI-M-Kun-NG-4,KI-M-Kun-Go-9,KI-F-Kun-NG-1,KI-M-Kun-NG-3,KI-M-Kun-NG-2,KI-F-Kun-Go-1,KI-M-Kun-Go-2,KI-F-Kun-Go-8,KI-M-Kun-CS-4,KI-F-Kun-CS-6,FGD-F-Kun-Go-3,KI-M-Kun-Go-6,KI-M-Kun-Go-18,KI-M-Kun-Go-16,KI-M-Kun-Go-20,FGD-M-Kun-CS-2,KI-F-Kun-CS-7,FGD-F-Kun-Go-4,KI-M-Kun-Go-17,KI-M-Kun-Go-7,KI-M-Kun-Go-19,KI-M-Kun-CS-5andKI-M-Kun-Go-21

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Nangarhar

BetweenAugustandNovember2016,generalsecurityremainedunchangedinNangarharexceptfordeterioratingsecurityconditionsindistrictsborderingPakistan.Respondentsreportedanincreaseinchildlabor,anincreaseintherecruitmentofchildreninarmedconflictsandadeclineinpeople’sinterestinjoiningpoliticalparties.AccesstogovernmentpositionshasdecreasedsinceAugust2016.Policebehaviortowardscitizenswasconsideredtobenegative.TherewasalsoanincreaseinpoliticalconflictoccurringafterthepeacedealwithHizbeIslami.Adecreaseinthreatsagainstjournalistswasreportedandimprovementswerenotedinchildren’sissues,specificallydecreasesinforcedmarriage,sexualabuseandschooldropouts.Improvementswerereportedinaccesstoeducationandhealth,andinfamilyrights,thoughtherehavebeennochangesinfoodsecurityorthequalityofeducation.WiththeinfluxofareturneepopulationfromPakistan,accesstobasicservicessuchaswater,electricityandshelterhasreportedlydecreased.Decreasingemploymentopportunitiesremainedakeyconcern.ThereturnofrefugeesfromPakistanhasputextrapressureonanalreadylimitedjobmarket.Nochangewasnotedinworkingconditions.Genderdiscriminationdecreasedinaccesstohealthandeducation,andinhiringforgovernmentpositions.Corruptionacrossthesectorsremainedunchanged.Table9:SummaryProfile–Nangarhar

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔ Children’sRights ✔2 ✔3RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔4FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔5 ✔6




FamilyRights ✔10

EconomicRights:



CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔12 Corruption ✔13

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Notes:181. ThesecuritysituationinNangarhardistrictsthatborderPakistanhasreportedlydeteriorated

sincethesecondmonitoringcycle.Fromtimetotime,armedfightingbetweengovernmentforcesandoppositiongroupserupts,forcingpeopletofleetheirhomesandmovetosaferplaces.Respondentscomplainedaboutpolicebehaviorwithcommonpeople,allegingthatthepoliceharasspeopleandunjustlyaccusethemofshelteringarmedgroups.ViolencerelatedtopoliticalconflictshasreportedlyincreasedbecauseofthepeacedealwithHizbeIslami.

2. PublicawarenessprogramsbygovernmentandNGOscontinuedtobeinstrumentalinimprovingsomechildren’sissues.Theseincludedecreasesearlyandforcedmarriages,schooldropoutsandsexualabusecases.

3. ChildlaborandtherecruitmentofchildreninarmedconflictscontinuedtoincreasesinceAugust2016.

4. Accesstogovernmentpositionshasdecreasedforbothmenandwomen.Therewasalsoadecreaseinpeople’sinterestinjoiningpoliticalpartiesbecauseofthegrowinginsecurityintheprovince.Womenwerelessinclinedtojoinpoliticalpartiesthanmenbecauseofsecuritythreatsaswellastraditionsthatrestrictwomen’sparticipationinpolitics.

5. Threatsagainstjournalistsandoutspokenindividualsfromthegovernmentagencieshavedecreased,butnochangewasnotedinthreatsfromoppositiongroups.

6. Freedomofassociationremainedrestrictedandrespondentsallegedthatpeoplefacephysicalharassmentbypoliceduringdemonstrations.AwarenessandimplementationoftheAccesstoInformationLawremainedunchanged.

7. Improvementwasnotedinaccesstoandqualityofmaternalhealthservicesduetotheincreasednumberofprivatehealthclinicsintheprovince.

8. WiththeinfluxofthereturneepopulationfromPakistan,accesstobasicservicessuchaswater,electricityandshelterhasreportedlydecreasedsinceAugust2016.

9. AccesstoeducationforbothboysandgirlshasimproveddueprimarilytoawarenesscampaignsaboutthevalueofeducationbygovernmentandNGOs.Nosignificantchangewasrecordedinthequalityofeducation,however.

10. Familyrelatedissuesimprovedduringthesecondmonitoringphase,includingdecreasesininheritanceconflicts,violenceagainstwomen,anddivorcecases.

11. AccesstoemploymentcontinuedtodecreaseinNangarhar.ThereturnofrefugeesfromPakistanhasputextrapressureonthealreadylimitedjobmarket.

12. Womencontinuedtobegivenpreferenceingovernmenthiring.Genderdiscriminationdecreasedinhealthservices,mainlyasaresultofworkshopsprovidedtohealthservicestaff.Inthecenter,girls’accesstoeducationincreased;however,intheremotedistrictsoftheprovincegirlscontinuedtohavelimitedaccesstoeducation.

13. Corruptionexistedasbeforeinpolicedepartments,formaljusticeorganizations,governmenthiring,healthservicesandtheeducationsector.

18Basedontheinterviewswith:FGD-M-Nan-CS-1,FGD-M-Nan-CS-2,FGD-M-Nan-CS-3,KI-M-Nan-CS-9,KI-M-Nan-Go-10,KI-M-Nan-Go-9,KI-M-Nan-NG-4,KI-M-Nan-Go-13,KI-M-Nan-Go-14,KI-M-Nan-Go-19,KI-M-Nan-CS-5,KI-M-Nan-GO-20,KI-F-Nan-NG-1,KI-M-Nan-Go-2,KI-F-Nan-Go-8,KI-M-Nan-Go-18,KI-F-Nan-CS-6,KI-F-Nan-CS-7,KI-F-Nan-CS-8,KI-M-Nan-Go-6,KI-M-Nan-NG-2,KI-F-Nan-Go-1,FGD-F-Nan-Go-3,FGD-F-Nan-Go-4,FGD-F-Nan-Go-5,KI-M-Nan-Go-7,KI-M-Nan-CS-4,KI-M-Nan-Go-16,KI-M-Nan-NG-3,KI-M-Nan-GO-21,KI-M-Nan-GO-12andKI-M-Nan-GO-15

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Nimruz

Undercivicrights,therewerereportsofimprovedsecurityconditions,enhancedpolicebehaviortowardcivilians,betteraccesstoformaljustice,andsomewillingnessamongcitizenstoparticipateinfutureelections.Thoughtherewereincreasesinchildlabor,nochangewasreportedinearlymarriages,sexualabuse,schooldropouts,accesstojuvenilehomes,ortherecruitmentofchildreninarmedconflicts.NepotismanddiscriminationbasedontribehasincreasedinaccessinggovernmentpositionswhilenochangeoccurredinfreedomofexpressionorawarenessoftheAccesstoInformationLaw.Undersocialrights,improvementsappearedineducationandhealthservices,whilefamilyrights,generalfoodsecurity,andIDPsaccesstobasicservicesdeterioratedsinceAugust2016.Undereconomicrights,accesstopaidemploymentremainedunchanged.However,someorganizationsweresaidtoprovidemedicalbenefitstotheiremployees.Genderdiscriminationdecreasedinaccesstoformaljusticeandeducation.Accesstobasicservicesandrightswasaffectedbycorruptionalthoughtherehasbeenadecreaseincorruptioninformaljusticesystem.Table10:SummaryProfile–Nimruz

StatusPillar/Indicators Unchanged Improved DeterioratedCivicRights: RighttoLife,Liberty,Security,andDignity ✔1 RighttoEfficientandFairJustice ✔2 Children’sRights ✔3RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs ✔4 ✔5FreedomofOpinionandExpression ✔


RighttoAdequateHousingandFacilities ✔ ✔7


FamilyRights ✔10 ✔

EconomicRights:



CrosscuttingThemes: GenderRelations ✔12 Corruption ✔13 ✔14

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Notes:191. Thesecuritysituationhasreportedlyimprovedsincethesecondmonitoringcycledueto

enhancedcoordinationamongvarioussecurityagenciesintheprovince.Policeperformanceandbehaviorwasconsideredpositiveandpublictrustinthepoliceincreasedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.

2. Improvementinaccesstoformaljustice,especiallyforwomen,wasthoughttobeduetoanexpansionofthenumberofjusticeorganizationsintheprovince.Theperformanceandbehaviorofformaljudicialstaffcontinuedtoimprovebecauseofworkshopsfocusedonincreasingthelegalliteracyofstaff.

3. Childlaborcontinuedtoincreaseduringthethirdmonitoringround.Otherchildren’sissuesremainedunchanged,specificallyincidentsofearlymarriage,forcedmarriage,schooldropouts,sexualabuse,accesstojusticeandjuvenilehomes,andchildrecruitmentinarmedconflicts.

4. Overall,therewasdisappointmentregardingelections.However,somerespondentswereinterestedinparticipatinginfutureelectionstoelectbetterrepresentatives.

5. Nepotismanddiscriminationbasedontribalaffiliationhasincreasedinaccessinggovernmentpositions.

6. Accesstoandqualityofhealthservices,includingmaternalhealthcare,hasimprovedsinceAugust2016.Theadministrationhasbeenmonitoringhealthcareservicedeliveryandmoremidwiveshavebeenrecruitedinordertoimproveaccesstomaternalhealthcare.

7. IDPs’accesstobasicservicesdeterioratedfurtherasaresultoftheincreasingnumberofdisplacedpeoplecomingintoNimruzfromprovincessuchasHelmandandFaryab.

8. Accesstofooddecreasedduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.Unemploymentwascitedasamajorreasonforfoodinsecurityintheprovince.

9. Accesstoeducationforbothboysandgirlshasimproved.Increasedrecruitmentofqualifiedteachersandthedeliveryofcapacitybuildingworkshopsforteachershavecontributedtotheimprovedqualityofeducationintheprovince.However,ashortageoftextbookscontinuedtoexist.

10. Conflictingviewsexistaboutthestatusofinheritancerightsandfamilyviolence,includingviolenceagainstwomenanddivorcecases.Someoftherespondentsconsideredthattherehasbeenimprovementintheseissues,whileothersclaimedthattheyhavedeterioratedsinceAugust2016.

11. Accordingtotherespondents,someorganizationshavenowbeguntoprovidemedicalcarebenefitstoemployeesandhavebeenmaintaininghygieneatworkplaces.

12. Women’saccesstoformaljusticeimproved,withmorewomenpreferringformalratherthaninformaljusticetoresolvetheircases.Girls’accesstoeducationhasreportedlyincreased.

13. Corruptioncontinuedinpolicedepartmentsandinaccesstogovernmentpositionsasbefore.14. Corruptionlevelsinformaljudicialorganizationshavedeclinedwiththeappointmentofnew

directorsandprofessionalstaff.

19Basedontheinterviewswith:KI-F-Nim-NG-1,KI-M-Nim-NG-2,KI-M-Nim-NG-3,KI-M-Nim-NG-4,KI-F-Nim-Go-1,KI-M-Nim-Go-2,FGD-F-Nim-Go-3,FGD-F-Nim-Go-4FGD-F-Nim-Go-5,KI-M-Nim-Go-6,KI-M-Nim-Go-7,KI-F-Nim-Go-8,KI-F-Nim-Go-9,KI-M-Nim-Go-10,KI-M-Nim-Go-11,KI-M-Nim-Go-12,KI-M-Nim-Go-13,KI-M-Nim-Go-14,KI-M-Nim-Go-15KI-M-Nim-Go-16,KI-M-Nim-Go-17,KI-F-Nim-Go-18,KI-F-Nim-Go-19,KI-M-Nim-Go-20,KI-M-Nim-Go-21,FGD-M-Nim-CS-1,FGD-M-Nim-CS-2,FGD-M-Nim-CS-3,KI-M-Nim-CS-4,KI-M-Nim-CS-5,KI-F-Nim-CS-6,KI-F-Nim-CS-7,KI-F-Nim-CS-8,KI-M-Nim-CS-9andKI-F-Nim-PI-1

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SurveyResults

Thissectionreportsselectedfindingsfromtheanalysisofquantitativedatacollectedthroughasurveywith662menandwomen.Thegraphsarenotstatisticallyrepresentativebutillustrate.

CivicRights

Thefirstandsecondmonitoringreportsrevealedmixedsentimentsconcerningformaljusticeauthorities.However,inthethirdroundofmonitoringbothmenandwomenreportedimprovementsinthetreatmentofcitizensintheformaljusticesysteminBalkh,Khost,DaikundiandNimruz.InKabul,onlywomenreportedimprovementintheformaljusticesystem(Figures1and2).Figure1.TreatmentofCitizensByFormalJusticeAuthorities–Women’sViews

Figure2.TreatmentofCitizensByFormalJusticeAuthorities–Men’sViews

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GeneralimprovementinthebehaviorofANPandANAwasreportedbymenandwomenforBalkh,KandaharandKhost.InNimruzandDiakundi,onlywomenreportedimprovements.Nosignificantchangeswerereportedfortheremainingprovinces(Figures3and4).Figure3.TreatmentOfCitizensByANP/ANA–Women’sViews

Figure4.TreatmentOfCitizensByANP/ANA–Men’sViews

Perceptionsofmaleandfemalerespondentsvariedwithregardtoviolenceagainstchildrenoverthereportingperiod.WomenreportedanincreaseinviolenceagainstchildreninHerat,KandaharandKunduz,andadecreaseinBalkh,KhostandNangarhar.MenbelievedtherehasbeenadecreaseinviolenceagainstchildreninKandharandKhost.Menandwomens’viewsabouttheprevalenceofviolenceagainstchildrenmostdramaticallyinKandaharandHerat(Figures5and6).

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Figure5.Women’sViewsonViolenceAgainstChildren–ByProvince

Figure6.Men’sViewsonViolenceAgainstChildren–ByProvince

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SocialRights

Inmostprovinces,respondentsgenerallydidnotbelievethattherehasbeenanysignificantchangeinaccesstohealthservicesduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.However,particularlyinKhostandtoalesserextentKandahartherewaswidespreadagreement,especiallyamongwomen,thataccesstohealthserviceshadrecentlydeclinedintheprovinces(Figures7and8).Figure7.AccesstoHealthServices–Women’sViews

Figure8.AccesstoHealthServices–Men’sViews

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EconomicRights

Withregardtoeconomicrights,lackofemploymentopportunities,closelyfollowedbynepotismandcorruption,continuedtoremainthemainchallengesinaccesstoemploymentforbothmenandwomenduringthereportingperiod(Figure9and10).Figure9.MainChallengesinAccesstoLicitandStableEmployment–Women’sViews

Figure10.MainChallengesinAccesstoLicitandStableEmployment–Men’sViews

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Conclusion

ObservationsfromthesecondARMmonitoringroundshowedsignificantchangesacrossmostoftheindicatorsunderCivic,SocialandEconomicRightssinceAugust2016whenthesecondroundofmonitoringtookplace.Inparticular,findingsacrossprovincesshowedcontinuedimprovementsinthebehaviorandperformanceofthepoliceandformaljusticeorganizations.ThesecuritysituationhascontinuedtodeterioratesinceAugust2016andremainsamajorconcernacrossalltheprovinces.Childlaborcontinuedtoincreasewithagrowingnumberofchildrenbeingrecruitedintoarmedconflictsinsomeoftheprovinces.Acrossvariousindicatorsofcivic,socialandeconomicrights,positivechangeswerenotedespeciallyinwomen’saccesstojustice,growinginterestamongcitizenstojoinpoliticalparties,andaccesstohealth,education,andbasicservices.However,freedomofexpressionhascomeunderincreasedthreatfromlocalpowerholders,armedoppositiongroups,andsomegovernmentofficials.PublicawarenessoftheAccesstoInformationLawshowedaslightimprovementsinceAugust2016.InternaldisplacementduetogrowingconflictsandtheinfluxofreturneesfromPakistanhasfurthercompromisedIDPs’accesstobasicservices.Mountingunemploymentremainsacriticalissueinalltheprovinces.Corruptionremainsasignificantobstacleinaccesstonumerousrightsacrossallsectors.

CivicRights

Thedeterioratingsecuritysituationisamajorconcernamongrespondents,directlyaffectingthefulfillmentofbasicrightssuchaseducation,employmentandIDPsaccesstobasicservices.WhilethesecuritysituationinKandahar,Khost,andNimruzremainedpositivebecauseofadministrativereformsinthepoliceandimprovedcoordinationamongsecurityagencies,therestoftheprovinceswerefacedwithgrowinginsecurityduringthethirdmonitoringround.ThesecuritysituationcontinuedtodeteriorateinBalkh,Bamyan,Daikundi,Herat,Kabul,KunduzandNangarhar.Mostdramatically,KunduzfelltotheTalibanforthesecondtimeinayearanddistrictsinNangarharthatborderPakistanexperiencedintensifiedfightingbetweengovernmentandAOGs,inducingforceddisplacementintheseareas.Kabulexperiencedanincreaseinsuicideattacks,explosionsandabductionssinceAugust2016.Herat,Kabul,andNangarharalsowitnessedincreasesinpoliticalconflicts.ThegrowinginfluenceoftheTalibanandotherarmedgroupsaswellasinterferencefromneighboringcountrieswerebelievedtocontributetoincreasedinsecurityinAfghanistan,accordingtothemajorityofrespondents.WiththeexceptionofHeratandNangarhar,whererespondentsreportedincreasedharassmentbythepolice,theperformanceandbehaviorofthepolicehasimprovedandstayedpositiveintherestoftheprovinces.Thispositivechange,especiallyinpolicebehaviortowardwomen,wasattributedtoincreasededucationaltrainingsforthepolice.

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Administrativereforms,anincreasednumberofformaljusticeorganizations,andenhancedpublicawarenessoflegalrightshaveresultedinimprovedaccesstoformaljusticeinBalkh,Daikundi,Herat,Kabul,Kandahar,Khost,KunduzandNimruz.Improvementintheperformanceandbehaviorofformaljusticestaffwasreportedacrossalltheprovinces.However,thetraditionaljusticesystemcontinuedtobethepreferredmechanismforresolvingcases,particularlyinDaikundi,HeratandKhost,becauseofitsmoretimelyabilitytosettlecases.TheperformanceoftraditionaljusticeorganizationswasthoughttohaveimprovedinBalkhandDaikundi.Datafromallthreemonitoringroundsshowedasteadygrowthininstancesofchildlaborandtherecruitmentofchildreninarmedconflictsacrosstheprovinces.Children’sissuessuchasbaadandearlyandforcesmarriagesincreasedinBalkh,Herat,KhostandKunduz.Likewise,theprevalenceofschooldropoutshasincreasedinKabul,DaikundiandKunduz.ThereisagrowinginterestamongcitizenstojoinpoliticalpartiesinBalkh,Herat,Kabul,KhostandKandahar,motivatedprimarilyasameanstosecureaccesstoemploymentandsecondarilytobecomemorepoliticallyactive.Generaldisappointmentaboutelectionsiswidespreadandappearstohaveincreasedacrossprovincesduringthethirdmonitoringcycle.PublictrustinelectedrepresentativeshascontinuedtodropsinceAugust2016.Accesstopublicpositionscontinuedtobelimitedbynepotismandtheneedforconnections(wasita),asnotedalsointhebaselineandprevioustwomonitoringcycles.Mediacensorship,intimidationandthreatsagainstjournalists,civilsocietyactivistsandoutspokenindividualshaveriseninsevenoutoftenprovinces,withBalkh,Khost,andNangarharbeingtheexceptions.SignificantimprovementinpublicawarenessoftheRighttoInformationLawwasnotedinKabulandBalkh.

SocialRights

WiththeexceptionofsomeimprovementsinhealthservicesinKabul,Kandahar,NangarharandNimruz,nosignificantchangewasreportedinaccesstoandqualityofhealthservicesinrestoftheprovinces.InKhost,ahighnumberofbothmaleandfemalerespondentsreportedarecentdeteriorationofaccesstohealthservices.SlightimprovementswerenotedinaccesstobasicservicesinBalkh,Daikundi,Herat,Kabul,andKhost.AssistancefromhumanitarianorganizationshasbroughtsomeimprovementinIDPs’accesstobasicservicesincludingeducation.However,withfreshdisplacementsinprovincessuchasHelmand,UruzganandFaryab,IDPs’accesstobasicservicesinthehostprovincesofKandaharandNimruzhasfurtherdeteriorated.Likewise,inNangarharaninfluxofreturneesfromPakistanhasplacedextrapressureonthealreadyscarcebasicservicesofhousing,waterandelectricity.Intermsoffoodsecurity,despiteaidassistancefromvariousorganizations,nosignificantimprovementwasnotedinprovincesBalkh,Bamyan,Daikundi,Khost,KunduzorNangarhar.Peoplecontinuedtolackaccesstoadequatefood.AnincreaseinthenumberoffoodinsecurepeoplewasreportedinHerat,Kabul,Kandahar,andNimruz.Lackofemploymentwassaidtobethemaincauseoffoodinsecurity.TheappointmentofprofessionalteachersandconstructionofnewinfrastructurehaveincreasedaccesstoeducationinBalkh,Daikundi,Herat,Kandahar,Khost,andNangarhar.NosignificantchangeswerereportedineducationservicesinBamyan,KabulorKhost.InNimruz,therewereconflictingreports

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abouteducation,withsomeclaimingimprovementswhileothersreporteddeteriorationsinceAugust2016.Kunduzsawadeclineinaccesstoeducation,especiallyforgirls,duetothegrowinginsecurity.Familyrightsissuesshowedimprovementsinmanyprovinces.ViolenceagainstwomenrecededinBalkh,Bamyan,Kandahar,Khost,NangarharandNimruz.AdecreaseindivorcecaseswasnotedinBalkh,Bamyan,KandaharandKhost.Likewise,incidentsofconflictsoverinheritancedeclinedinBalkh,Bamyan,Herat,andKandahar.TheincreaseinviolenceagainstwomenreportedinKabulandHeratwasattributedtomen’sgrowingunemployment,increasingpovertyandinappropriateimplementationofgenderprograms.Women’saccesstosheltersremainedmostlyunchangedacrossalltheprovinces.

EconomicRights

WiththeexceptionoftheKhulmdistrictinBalkh,whereaslightincreaseinjobopportunitieswasnotedduetotheimplementationofvariousdevelopmentalprojects,unemploymentcontinuedtoriseacrossalltenprovinces.InKabul,agrowingnumberofuniversitygraduatesareunemployedandinNangarhar,returneesfromPakistanhaveputextrapressureonthealreadylimitedjobmarket.Insecurity,pooraccesstofinancialcapital,fewjobopportunities,andwidespreadcorruptionandnepotisminthejobmarketcontinuedtolimitfairaccesstopaidemployment.Workingconditionsremainunchangedandinadequate,withslightchangesinprovisionofsecurityandsafetyinBamyanandKandahar.InNimruz,someorganizationshavestartedtoprovidehealthcarefortheiremployees.

GenderRelations,Corruption

Overall,therehasbeenadecreaseingenderdiscriminationacrossalltenprovincesthatwasnotableinvarioussectors.AprominentexamplewasadecreaseingenderdiscriminationintheformaljusticesysteminBalkh,Bamyan,Daikundi,Herat,andNimruz.Insomeoftheprovinces,improvementswerenotedinwomen’saccesstohealthservicesandeducation.WomencontinuedtoreceivepreferentialtreatmentinaccesstoemploymentinNangarharandtoearnhigherwagesthanmeninhealthclinicsinKabul.Duetothedeteriorationinsecurity,girls’accesstoeducationhasdecreasedinKunduzsinceAugust2016.Women’saccesstopaidemploymentandgovernmentjobsremainedlimitedduetolackofknowledgeandlimitedaccesstotheInternet.Corruption—inpaidemployment,theeducationsector,policing,andaccesstogovernmentemployment—continuedtoriseinthemajorityoftheprovinces.However,therehasbeenasignificantdecreaseincorruptionlevelsintheformaljusticesysteminBalkh,Bamyan,Daikundi,Herat,KandaharandNimruz.

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Appendix1:MonitoringIndicators

RightsPillar Indicator ProxiesRightstoLife,Liberty,SecurityandDignityofPerson

• TrustinANP• PolicePerformanceandBehavior• Security• Corruption(CrosscuttingTheme)

RighttoEfficientandFairJustice

• AccesstoFormalandTraditionalJusticeSystems• PerformanceofJusticeOfficials• Women’sAccesstoandTreatmentbyJusticeSystems

(GenderasCrosscuttingTheme)• Corruption(CrosscuttingTheme)

Children’sRights • ViolenceAgainstChildren(DegreeandTypesofViolence)

• AccesstoJustice• AccesstoRehabilitationCenters,JuvenileHomesand

Orphanages• ChildLabor• SexualAbuse• Children’sengagementinarmedconflicts

RighttoParticipateinPublicAffairs

• ParticipationinElections• AccesstoPublicPositions(GenderasCrosscutting:

WomeninSeniorPositions)• ParticipationinPoliticalParties(GenderasCrosscutting:

FemalePartyMembers)• Corruption(CrosscuttingTheme)• Discrimination(GenderasCrosscutting)

Civic

RighttoFreedomofOpinionandExpression

• FreedomofSpeech(Threats)• FreedomofGathering• RighttoInformationLaw

RighttoWorkandFairnessinEmployment

• AccesstoPaidEmployment• Corruption(JobsforSale,Nepotism)• Discrimination(GenderasCrosscutting)

Economic

RighttoDecentWorkingConditions

• SafetyandSecurityatWorkplace• JobSecurity• Harassment(basedonGenderorEthnicity)

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RightsPillar Indicator Proxies

RighttoHealth • AccesstoHealthServices• AccesstoReproductiveHealth• QualityofHealthServices• Corruption(CrosscuttingTheme)• Discrimination(GenderasCrosscutting)

RighttoAdequateHousingandFacilities

• AccesstoHousing,WaterandElectricity• IDPs(Housing)• DisputesRelatedtoLandandWater• Corruption(CrosscuttingTheme)• Discrimination(GenderasCrosscutting)

FoodSecurity • SufficientFood(NumberofMealsperDay)• AdequateFood(TypeofFoodEaten)• FoodAssistance(Sources,e.g.,Government,INGOs,

other)RighttoEducation • AccesstoEducation

• QualityofEducation• GenderDiscrimination• Corruption(inHiringTeachersandinGivingGrades)

Social

FamilyRights • InheritanceRightsandRelatedConflicts• DomesticViolence• ViolenceAgainstwomen• DivorceCasesandWomen’sRightstoDivorce• AccesstoFRUsandShelters

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Appendix2:ListandDefinitionofCodes

Non-Government=NGKI-F-Kab-NG-1(KI=Keyinformant,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,NG=Non-government,1=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-NG-2(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,NG=Non-government,2=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-NG-3(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,NG=Non-government,3=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-NG-4(KI=Keyinformant,M=MaleKab=Kabul,NG=Non-government,4=Sequence)Government=GoKI-F-Kab-Go-1(KI=Keyinformant,F=FemaleKab=Kabul,Go=Government,1=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-2(KI=Keyinformant,M=MaleKab=Kabul,Go=Government,2=Sequence)FGD-F-Kab-Go-3(FGD=FocusGroupDiscussion,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,3=Sequence)FGD-F-Kab-Go-4(FGD=FocusGroupDiscussion,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,4=Sequence)FGD-F-Kab-Go-5(FGD=FocusGroupDiscussion,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,5=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-6(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,6=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-7(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,7=Sequence)KI-F-Kab-Go-8(KI=Keyinformant,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,8=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-9(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,9=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-10(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,10=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-11(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,11=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-12(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,12=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-13(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,13=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-14(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,14=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-15(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,15=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-16(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,16=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-17(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,17=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-18(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,18=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-19(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,19=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-20(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,20=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-Go-21(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,Go=Government,21=Sequence)CivilSociety=CSFGD-M-Kab-CS-1(FGD=FocusGroupDiscussion,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,1=Sequence)FGD-M-Kab-CS-2(FGD=FocusGroupDiscussion,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,2=Sequence)FGD-M-Kab-CS-3(FGD=FocusGroupDiscussion,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,3=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-CS-4(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,4=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-CS-5(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,5=Sequence)KI-F-Kab-CS-6(KI=Keyinformant,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,6=Sequence)KI-F-Kab-CS-7(KI=Keyinformant,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,7=Sequence)KI-M-Kab-CS-8(KI=Keyinformant,M=Male,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,8=Sequence)KI-F-Kab-CS-9(KI=Keyinformant,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,CS=Civilsociety,9=Sequence)PublicInstitutions=PIKI-F-Kab-PI-1(KI=Keyinformant,F=Female,Kab=Kabul,PI=PublicInstitution,1=Sequence)

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