C I V I L - M I L I T A R Y F U S I O N C E N T R E AFGHANISTAN IN TRANSITION March 2012 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises The Civil-Military Fusion Centre (CFC) is an information and knowledge management organisation focused on improving civil-military interaction, facilitating information sharing and enhancing situational awareness through the CimicWeb portal and our weekly and monthly publications. CFC products are based upon and link to open-source information from a wide variety of organisations, research centres and media sources. However, the CFC does not endorse and cannot necessarily guarantee the accuracy or objectivity of these sources. CFC publicati ons are independently produced by Knowledge Managers and do n ot reflec t NAT O or ISAF policies or posit ions of any other organisation. The Role of China in Afghanistan’s Economic Development & Reconstruction Steven A. Zyck Afghanistan Team Leader & Economic Development KM [email protected] This report examines the contribution of the People’s Republic of China to reconstruction and development in Afghanistan, with a particular emphasis on mining and natural resource exploitation. Related information is available at www.cimicweb.org. Hyperlinks to source material are highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. n 05 December 2011, at the Second International Bonn Conference on Afghanistan, China’s Minister of Foreign Affairs declared the following: “The Chinese people cherish friendly sentiments toward the Afghan people and sincerely hope that peace, stability, independence and development will come to Afghanistan at an early date. We will work with the international community and make our due contribution to the achievement of this goal. ” Such comments reflect China’s engagement with Afghanistan’s development, which has, since March 2010, taken place in the scope of the China-Afghanistan comprehensiv e cooperative partnership agreement , according to Eurasia Review . The topic of Chinese involvement in Afghanistan is taken up in this report, which primarily focuses upon China’s contri bution to development and natural resource exploitation in Afghanistan. This review of Chinese engagement is divided into the following sections: (i) aid and development financing, (ii) bilateral trade and (ii) investment in natural resources. It builds upon previous CFC work concerning this issue, including a May 2010 report on “Chinese Involvement in Afghan Development ”. Chinese Aid & Development Financing Various sources provide differing estimates of Chinese aid to Afghanistan over the course of the past decade. China Daily, for instance, indicates that China offered USD 131 million to Afghanistan from 2002 to mid-2010. The Afghan Ministry of Finance’s (MoF) Donor Assistance Database puts the figure at USD 146 million. Offering a higher and more commonly-cited figure, a September 2010 report from the Carnegie Endowment says that O
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