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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Affordable BambooHousing in EarthquakeProne Areas
An International Workshop Organised by:
Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre (CBTC)Government of
MizoranInternational Network for Bamboo And Rattan
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Affordable BambooHousing in EarthquakeProne Areas
At Berawtlang Tourist Complex,Aizawl, Mizoram, India
From 29th October to 11th November, 2001
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Preface
Bamboo is one of the oldest building materials availablein
nature with which human could interact. It is used formany
applications in the field of construction, particularlyin
developing countries. It is strong and light weight andavailable in
different sizes. It doest need to be processedmuch before its use.
It also doest need to be finishedmuch in construction. It is also a
fast growing plant whichis also planted commercially for
production. In spite ofthese, the use of bamboo has been largly
restricted totemporary structures and lower grade buildings due
tolimited natural durability, difficulties in joining, a lack
ofstructural design data and exclusion from building codes.
With diminishing wood resources and restrictions imposedon
felling of trees the focus shifted on the need to identifya
substitute material, which should be renewable, envi-ronment
friendly and widely available. In this context bam-boo is ideally
placed to become a principal engineeringand construction material
for the future.
Taking all these factors into consideration, the Interna-tional
Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), Beijing,China, the United
Nations Industrial Development Orga-nization (UNIDO), the Cane and
Bamboo TechnologyCentre (CBTC), Guwahati and the Government of
Mizoram jointly embarked upon this idea of organizing atraining
workshop on affordable bamboo housing in earth-quake-prone
areas.
The workshop is intented to transfer Latin American
earth-quake-resistant and affordable bamboo housing technol-ogy to
India and to adapt it to local needs. Two LatinAmerican
consultants, Mr. Jorge Moran Ubidia (Architectand Director, Hoger
de Christo Foundation/Lecturer, Uni-versity of Guayaquil, Ecuador)
and Mr. Juan CarlosJaramillo (Architect, Armenia, Colombia)
conducted theworkshop.
This document is a compilation of the workshop conductedat
Berawtlang, Aizawl, Mizoram on AFFORDABLE BAM-BOO HOUSING IN
EARTHQUAKE PRONE AREAS dur-ing 29th October to 12th November,
2001.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Contents
1 Preface2 Acknowledgement ................................ 013
Introduction .......................................... 024
Workshop Agenda................................. 055
Inaguration........................................... 066
Presentation-resource people................. 087
Presentation-participants........................ 168
Presentation-treatment........................... 209 Construction
of Model house................. 2110
Joints.................................................... 2511
Bamboo pole base casting.................... 2812 Introduction to
machines....................... 2913 Assignment
1........................................ 3014 Visit to Traditional
Mizo house............... 3815 Assignment
2........................................ 3916 Drawings of model
house...................... 4517 Construction
continue............................ 4718
Tools.................................................... 4919 Feed
back............................................. 5020 Closing
Function.................................... 5121 Construction
continue............................ 5322 Group
Photograph................................ 6323
Conclusion........................................... 6424
Refferences........................................... 66
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge the role
played
by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization
(UNIDO), the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan
(INBAR) and the Government of Mizoram for converting a dream
into a reality.
The workshop was attended by as many as 86 participants in-
cluding one each from Ecauador, Colombia, Germany, Nether-
lands, China and U.K. and two from Ghana. Other participants
from outside the state are Karnataka (1), Kerala (1),
Maharastra
(1), Gujarat (1), Indian Army (1), Arunachal Pradesh (3),
Nagaland (1), Assam (20), Manipur (5), Tripura (2) and
Mizoram
(40). The participants also represent various international,
na-
tional and state level agencies such as TRADA, INBAR,
BARNET,
NID, KFRI, SFRI, NID, IPRITI, IIT, HUDCO, State Public Works
Departments, LAD, RD etc.
I would be failing in my duty if I do not thank the following
partici-
pants for their wonderful contribution; among them are Mr.
Jorge
Moran Ubidia, Dr. Ralf Kwaschik, Mr. Juan Carlos Jaramiillo,
Mr. Fitri Mardjono, Mr. Don Lionel Jayanetti, Dr.
Jagdeeshan,
Mr. T. P. Subramony, Mr. Bipul Das as indeed a host of
others.
I would also like to extend my heartiest thanks to the
Hon’ble
Chief Minister of Mizoram, Mr. Zoram Thanga, who was kind
enough to take time of his busy schedule and inaugurate this
workshop. I am also thankful to the Hon’ble Minister for
Indus-
tries of the Govt. of Mizoram, Pu. K. Thangzualla, the Chief
secretary to the Govt. of Mizoram, Pu. H. V. Lalringa, the
offi-
cials of the Industries and the Forest Departments of the
Govt.
of Mizoram and my personal thanks to Mr. Thang Chuanga,
Project Manager (Bamboo), Department of Industries, Govt. of
Mizoram for having made this workshop possible.
I would like to place on record the wonderful contribution
made
by the staff of the Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre,
Guwahati for their unstinted support and hard work rendered
before and after the workshop. I extend my personal thanks
to
Shri Partha P. Majumdar, the Project Manager, Shri Anjal
Goswami, Trainer and Shri H. P. K. Singh, Trainer for their
sup-
port.
Last but not the least, I would like to express my sincere
grati-
tude to all the participants for having put in their best
possible
efforts in making this huge event a great success.01
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Bamboo, as such, does not need any introduction. It isamongst
the fist materials available in nature with whichhuman ingenuity
could interact. Much before tools to cuttrees were discovered,
bamboo was cut and split by stonetools for multifarious uses.
Lashed together by vines fromtrees, men made use of bamboos to make
rafts, enablingthem to cross water bodies. The multitude of uses to
whichbamboo could be put to ranged from mats on floors tobamboo
walls plastered with mud onto thatched roofs onbamboo
understructure. Bamboo gave humans the hol-low reed (flute) for
music and its bending force made itsuitable for the bow. The
original potters wheel was madeout of bamboo, rope and mud. Bamboo
work, therefore,can be considered as the mother of all artisan
skills. Allover the tropical and equatorial regions of the globe
whereit grows, bamboo in its varied and multifarious forms isstill
available in plenty and used on a huge scale.
Bamboo meets human needs in a thousand and moreways - from
modest sewing needles to walls and roofs, instools and cots, as
food and fodder, and from ladders tomountain bridges
Needless to say, bamboo is the oldest and most versatilebuilding
material with many applications in the field ofconstruction,
particularly in developing countries. It isstrong and lightweight
and can often be used without pro-
cessing or finishing. In spite of these clear advantages,the use
of bamboo has been largely restricted to tempo-rary structures and
low-grade building due to limited natu-ral durability, difficulties
in jointing, a lack of structuraldesign data and exclusion from
building codes and manu-als.
Although India owns the most extensive bamboo forestsin the
worls, this extraordinery good fortune does not seeto have dawned
much wisdom upon our policy planners.With diminishing wood
resources and restrictions imposedon felling of trees, particularly
after the Supreme Courtimposed a ban on such activities, the focus
shifted on the
Introduction
02
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
need to identify a substitute material, which should
berenewable, environment friendly and widely available. Inview of
its rapid growth rate, a ready adaptability to mostclimatic
conditions and properties superior to most juve-nile fast growing
wood bamboo emerges as a very suit-able alternative. It is in this
context that bamboo is ideallyplaced to become a principal
engineering and construc-tion material for the twenty-first century
and beyond. Be-sides, bamboo constructions are easy to build,
resilient towind and even earthquakes and are readily repairable
inthe event of damage and that too at a very low cost.
Taking all these factors into consideration, the Interna-tional
Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), Beijing,China, The United
Nations Industrial Development Or-
03
ganization (UNIDO), the Cane and Bamboo TechnologyCentre(CBTC),
Guwahati and the Government of Mizoramjointly embarked upon this
idea of organising a trainingworkshop on affordable bamboo housing
in earthquake-prone areas.
The rational behind holding the event in this region is tomake
the people aware of the advantages of low-costbamboo based housing
and also take into account thefact that this is seismically
sensitive zone. The Workshopwill also focus on transfer of Latin
American earthquake-resistant and affordable bamboo housing
technology toIndia and to adapt it to local needs. In this
connection,two Latin American consultants, Mr. Jorge Moran
Ubidia,Director, Hoger de Christo Foundation and Mr. JuanCarlos
Jaramillo, Architect, Colombia, conducted thisfor fifteen-day
Workshop. At the same time, experts fromdifferent places
participated in the workshop as resourcepersons
The Workshop was focussed on the practical aspects ofaffordable
bamboo housing. It introduced the construc-tion systems and use of
the bamboo in building houses inEquador and Colombia to the
participants. The event washighly interactive and participants got
an opportunity forhands-on learning experience.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
The Target group for the workshop was basically the localpeople,
local authorities, designers, architechts, builders,development
practitioners, policy makers,etc. from theNorth-east and from other
parts of India as well as inter-ested overseas participants and
technical assistance agen-cies.
This workshop is a success and helped participants andothers who
closely involved in the field of bamboo.
MIZORAM
Mizoram, a mountainous region that became the 23rdState od
Indian Union in February 1987, has an area of21081 sq. km and is
sandwiched between Myanmar in
the east and the south and Bangladesh and Tripura in thewest
with its northern frontiers touching Assam andManipur States. The
state capital is Aisawl. Mizoram liter-ally translated means Land
of the Highlanders. The hillsare steep with an average height of
about 900 meters. Itsgreen thick forest is rich in flora and fauna.
Bamboo playsa very important role in the mizo society.
The venue of the workshop was at the scenic Berawtlangtourist
complex, about eight kilometers from the city ofAizawl.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Workshop
Workshop Agenda:Monday, 29th October:Arrival and registration of
participantsTuesday, 30th October:09.30 - 10.30 Registration of
participants11.00 - 12.00 Inauguration14.30 - 15.30 History of the
use of Guadua in Colombia andEcuador, Jorge Moran Ubidia and Juan
Carlos Jaramillo15.30 - 16.30 Improved construction systems in
Equadoreand Colombia, Jorge Moran Ubidia and Juan
CarloseJaramillo16.45 - 17.45 Case study: Hoger de Christo
FoundationEquadore, Jorge Moran UbidiaWednesday, 31st October:08.30
- 10.00 Works of Juan Carlos Jaramillo in Colombia10.15 - 11.30
Indias construction systems, Bipul Das11.30 - 13.00 Bamboos of NE
India: Plantation, utilization,Dr. K. Haridasan and Kamesh
Salam14.30 - 15.30 Status of seismicity in NE India and
earthquakedisaster mitigation, Dr. R.P. Tiwari15.30 - 16.30 Design
tool for bamboo building, Fitri Mardjono16.45 - 17.45 Activities of
IPIRTI in the bamboo housing sec-tor, Dr, H.N. JagadeeshThursday,
1st November:08.30 - 10.00 Indias construction system,
contributions byparticipants10.15 - 11.30 Discussion on advantages
and disadvantagesof Indias construction systems, elaboration of
proposals forimprovement, Moderators: Das, Salam, Moran,
Jaramillo11.30 - 13.00 Natural and Chemical bamboo
preservationmethods, preservation and discussion, Moran Jaramillo
and
M/S Pest Control, Guwahati. Practical session on bamboochemical
preservation by M/S Pest Control, Guwahati.14.30 - 16.00 Discussion
and organization of afternoon prac-tical sessions, Moderators
Moran, Jaramillo, Das16.00 - 17.45 Practical sessions: constructive
system design,joints, constructive details, etc.Friday, 2nd
November:08.30 - 13.00 Design session continued, Das Moran
Jaramillo14.30 - 17.45 Presentation and Evaluation of previous
ses-sion, discussion, Moderators: Das, Moran, JaramilloSaturday,
3rd November:08.30 - 16.30 Practical session on compounds, joints,
etc.,1:1 scale, Das, Moran, Jaramillo16.45 - 17.45 Evaluation of
previous sessions, discussions,Moderators: Das, Moran,
JaramilloSunday,4th November:RestMonday, 5th November:08.30 - 16.30
Design session on complex architectural ele-ments16.45 - 17.45
EvaluationTuesday, 6th November - Saturday, 10th November:08.30 -
09.30 Activities of TRADA in the bamboo housingsector, Lionel
Jayanetti and Paul Follet (Tuesday)08.30 - 17.45 Organization of
groups for practical sessions.Parallel work on model house and on
complex architecturalelements. Presentation of videos on special
subjects. Field tripBamboo factorySaturday, 10th November:15.30 -
16.30 Closing function
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Inauguration:
On tuesday, 30th October, The Honble Chief Minister ofMizoram
Mr. Zoramthanga had inaugurated the work-shop at Berawtlang. Mr.
H.V. Lalringa, Chief Secretary of
Inaguration by Hon’ble Chief minister of Mizoram Mr.
Zoramthanga
Guest of Honour, Hon’ble Minister of Industries, Mr. K.
Thangzualla
Introductory speach, by Mr. Kamesh Salam CBTC, Guwahati
During the Inaugural function......
Mizoram, Dr. Ralf H.Kwaschik, INBAR, Dr. Juan CarlosJaramillo,
Mr. L. R. Laskar, Secretary, Industries Depart-ment were attended
the fuction
06
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
During the Inaugural function......display of INBAR books, Chief
minister observes the productsdisplayed, oppening song etc.
07
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Presentations:
History of the use of Guadua in Colombia andEcuador by Mr. Jorge
Moran and Mr. Juan Carlos
The bamboo has been always present in the AmericanHistory, but
specially in Colombia and Ecuador. The ar-cheological and
archeobotanical investigations have dem-onstrate some uses the man
has given to this materialmore over than thousand years, by finding
different in-struments and some houses ruins. The bamboo culturehas
remarked the Colombian and Ecuadorian historythrough the times in
differnt ways: it has been present inthe music, the popular
traditions, the hunting, the fishing,the agriculture, the religion,
the cooking, the recreation,the armory, and many other uses, many
of them similar to Asia. In this speach he mentioned some
historical ele-
ments from Equadore, that belong to the most remot times,and
still today. In this special mention for the rural hous-ing, where
the pragmatically knowledge given by the cen-turies is a real
patrimony from the vernacular architecturefrom Ecuador. There is
also a mention of the urban build-ing where the timber, initially
used to build the Spaniardarmy boats transferred its use to the
housing carpentergetting tied to the bamboo as a construction
material.Finally there is demonstrated that the wrong way to
con-struct with bamboo has become a symbole of misery
antmarginality.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Colombia is located in the western hemisphere, in theNW corner
of the South America, has a coast in the At-lantic Ocean at North
and in the Pscific Ocean at occident.The colombiam territory in
general is formed by a moun-tainous region. A significant
proportion of the urban struc-tures of the towns and cities,
included the departmentalcapitals in the coffee axis, were built
with differentbahareque and guadua constructive techniques. It
meansthat the bahareque and the guadua have been intimatelybound to
the urban historical growth of this importantColombian region, and
even today in spite of the repeatedevents that have caused big
destructions, many of thesestructures still up as a silent witness
of the step of the yearsand as real examples of seismicresistant
structures. However with the economic prosperity achieved by the
coffeebusiness, these technologies stayed in the fields, and be-gan
to show up in the cities new imported technologiesthat broke the
urban structures and it began to hide thereality of the bahareque
houses behind false facades madewith bricks or many other
materials. The new widespreadtendency slowly change the physiognomy
of the cities andthe bahareque and the guadua began to be
consideredas poors technology.
In this new stage the biggest concern have been centeredin the
immunization and preservation of the material. Theimmunization is
essential as the guadua is a susceptibleto insects attack material
like the termites. The preserva-tion has as an object to modify the
chamical constitutionof the stems making them not attractive for
the biological
agents or avoiding their development. The cut should bedone
during the five days of bigger darkness of the lastquarter of the
moon in the first hours of the day beforethe dawn (among 1:00
oclock am. and 5:00 am) beingleft to ferment inside the bamboo
forest for space of 20days as minimum. The Guadua presents three
kinds ofwater inside: the Hygroscopic, the Molecular one, andfree
one. Rhis last one is found among the cells and it isthe one that
more easily gets lost, the hygroscopic is inthe waslla, and only
gets lost by artificial drying processes,and the molecular humidity
gets lost only by the total com-bustion. The ideal humidity average
to work is 12%, as afact the drying is a good immunization.
The most useful drying methode in colombiais the naturalone that
consists on cutting and leaving stopped the bam-boo cane inside the
bushes during twenty days, at thistime it losses the freee water
content, and then they are
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
cutted into peieces and taken out of the guadual, and
leftapproximately one month in vertical position using bigand light
structures to chieve their relative humidity stabi-lization. since
four years it was brought from Japan a dry-ing system adapted with
smoke. The process consists onintroducing the guaduas in a closed
space that can be anoven, where an incomplete combustion takes
place toproduce the smoke, and in presence of water vapor, it
isleft for a three weeks period of time.
The immunization system most commonly used in colombiaare those
with chemicakl products, which are not acceptedby the developed
countries. Compoud as the borax, bo-ric acid, the copper
pentacloratum and formal amongothers are the must useful. The
Immunization for injectionthat consists on applying 5 cm. of poison
on each knotusing syringes, it can be done before or after the
structureis built. The Boucheri method consists on making pass
theimmunizing through the guadua fibers from one side toother.
besides the housing construction the guadua has beenused for
furniture, musical instruments, paths, construc-tion and
agricultural equipment, rural aqueducts, crafts,fences, stables,
habitat for animals, sales places, kiosksamong many other.
The modern technology of bamboo began in Americawith the
investigation and books written by Oscar Hidalgo,Jules Janssen,
Walter Liese, Dr. Lionel Jayanetti and Follet
Improved construction systems in Equador andColombia, Jorge
Moran and Juan Carlos.
The lecture contains some construction experience thathad been
made with bamboo at the ecuadorial coast. Bythe use of air
chamberswithin the walls and ceilling, suit-able ventilated, it
eliminates the thermal conductivity ef-fects, producing comfor
inside the construction. The cli-mate protection must be done as a
clear design concept,and avoid the influence of the rain and
humidity againstthe construction. Finally all the construction
systems mayguarantee the earthquakes and strong wends
preventing.The admissible coefficients of the differnt components
fromthe building must be higher than the efforts they must re-sist
under adverse conditions. Because of its lowest weight,this
constructions will better resists on earthquakes, per-haps some of
the components may fall down as the wallsmortar, the house will
remain standing up and his habi-tants will be safe, some very good
examples of this arethere in Colombia and CostaRica.
Seismic cultureThe nature and especially the earthquakes have
shownthem the necessity to evaluate their own circumstanceswith
their own elements, under their own culture and theerror of simply
import just to be up to date. The last earth-quake of January 25th
1999 in the Colombian coffeeaxix, evidenced the fragility of the
bad constructions builtwith seemingly stronger materials and that
had desplaced
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
the use of the guadua and the wood in urban centerslocated in
areas of high seismic risk.
The foreign technologies that were imported in the past,and the
constructions built without controls were reas-sessed and studied
in the year of 1984, due to the trag-edy when a great intensity
earthquake destroyed the his-torical city of Popayan, located in
south Colombia. In thatmoment the National government approves a
law thatrules for all the constructions to be build in the
country,how ever in the one wast included inside their articulatea
norm for bahareque constructions. It was evidencedthe resistance
and long-lasting of the bahreque construc-tions, that were silent
witness of the disasters happened intheir surroundings, and they
remained stand up in spiteof the destruction power showed not only
in the past earth-quake, but of the repeated earthquakes that have
strickenthem through their long existance years, being finallyable
to call the attention of architects and engineers andto get now a
space to be kept in mind as a material withexcellent physical
mechanical properties of great adapt-ability and that it allows to
create constructive seismic-resistant systems.
Juan Carlos adds his experience in sonstruction in Co-lombia
with guadua as a hobby than a job. By his ownexperiments and
investigation works with guadua is fun-damentally to prosecute the
use of this material in a me-dium social stratum where it can be
acequible to a biggerquantity of the population, without falling
into folkloric
examples, but basig on the magnificent example that mas-ters
like Simon Velez has carries out for high strata.
The social Interest house was designed by the architectSimon
Velez who donates this design to several entitieslike the INBAR,
The National Federation of Coffee Grow-ers of Colombia and the
Government of the Quindio,searching for dignify the social interst
housing. The de-sign comes out of a perfect 5x5 mts. square that
has anappendix in of 1.5 mts. at the back where the stairway
iscentered to ascend to the second floor, and in the front asa
symmetrical balnce stands out a generous balcony inthe second floor
that sconforms the access porch.
Life Park Auditorium in northern Armenia capital of theQuindio
department in Colombia. Taking advantage ofa natural depression of
the land in this place was de-signed the auditorium. In front of
this natural flight of stepswas built as an acostic shell a space
that seems to befloating over the water and that seems to be a very
lightstructure that doest break up with the landscape that leanson
in autochthonous and characteristic materials from theplace and
that allows a permanent visual through it andtowards all the places
of the park. The structure basicallyis a sample of propping up
guadua that gives the sensa-tion of great eave that makes it seem
much lighter than itreally is.
Service station also made using the same structural con-cept
that were used for the acoustic shell for life park.
11
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
To guide the visitors the departmental Government in-tends to
build some small places for the tourists informa-tion that were
strategically located in all the access roadsto the department, and
because of their architecture theymust were very outstanding and
easily identifiable; as ananswer to this two young architects
making a show oftheir creativity proposed a traditional
construction withbowed brick walls in whose cover should be present
theguadua and the mud tile as a regional identity symbol,getting a
good sample of new architecture built withautochthnous
materials.
The Sun Door is a country house built on a traditionalsystem
with confined brick using the guadua as structuralelement of the
covers and in the columns of the corridorsand the open spaces only.
It is an EL plant constructioncompletely introverted because of
some security consid-erations made by the owner, since it is a
house just for theweekends, it has a social open area that can
perfectly beused independent from the other house activities, or
tobe integrated when it will be required with the dining roomand
kitcken area of the house.
The Kinder Garden Los Cafeteritos arises after the
1999earthquake as a quick and economic solution to the ne-cessity
of harboring 100 children with ages between the6 months of life and
the 7 years. This project is built start-ing from prefabricated
guadua panels that were made ina shop and latler on they were taken
to the place to beinstalled. Those were installed then over a
confined brick
wall built as a base wall with 60cm height as those ele-ments
conformed the lowest diaphragm and give designprotection for the
guadua.
School in Barcelona, a built project for the UNICEF in thelittle
town of Barcelona Quindio to assist the children oftwo schools that
collapsed during ther January 1999 earth-quake, they attended
classes in some improvised class-rooms made with tents in a lot
next to an interdepartmen-tal road with heavy vehicular flow. It
uses also as founda-tion a floating base plate with outlying
mooring beams,where rises the base wall in confined brick with
concretecolumns and finished off on a 80 cm height by a
mooringbeam, on which rests a guadua like beam complementthrough
which the rods that serve as mooring soul to thevertical guaduas of
the structure happens and they unitewith the horizontal one by fish
mouth unions with ironsoul and filled with concrete in the
interknits.
The Univerisity Great Colombia in Armenia has decidedto displace
its architecture and agro industry faculties to arural lot located
in the south of the city and has asked tothe atchitecture faculty
to take to carry out the designs,beginning from base that will be
the first university built inguadua. The designs are being
developed by a group ofstudents by way of shop, and in this process
we have alsoparticipated as advisory.
During this presentation they were also showing the
slidesrelated to the subject. s
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Indias construction sys-tems, Bipul Das
Bamboos of NE India:Plantation and Utiliza-tion, Dr. K.
Haridasanand Kameash Salam
Indias NE region consist ofseven states viz, ArunachalPradesh,
Assam, Manipur,Meghalaya, Mizoram,Nagaland and Tripura. Ithas a
total geographicalarea of 255082 sq.km. Thisregion has a greater
pro-portion of forests covercompared to many otherstates in India.
Dr.Haridasan talk about the
Mr. Bipul Kumar das haspresented his work doneduring his study
at M.S.University, Baroda for B-arch. course. In this he
hadexplained about the systemof building construction withbamboo as
the principalmaterial. This study wasbased on pure
observationclubbed with reasoning andlogic.
He started with bamboo asa material for mankind asold as wood.
sice man
13
came out of the cave and started the making of sheltersfor
protection from natural calamities many materials liketimber, earth
and stone have gained a considerableupliftment in their respective
uses. The he talk about howbamboo is used in various places for
various uses. Theabout bamboo and its growth, dofferent species,
struc-tural aspects of bamboo, strength properties etc. Later
hetalk about the construction system in NE india and laterthe
improved construction system ha had developed dur-ing his study and
the importance of that in todays context.
bamboo habitates in NE region, Species diversity, Distri-bution
Farming potential, Utilization, Plantation, Conser-vation etc.
North east India which is known for a greater diversity offlora
is also rich in bamboo diversity. Each state has adifferent
composition of species constituting its bambooresource. Many of the
species in the region are utilizedfor different purposes. There is
also scope and potentialfor augmenting the economic utilization of
bamboo re-sources. This may warrant farming and large scale
plan-tation of desired species. It can also be seen in the
region
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
that some of the bamboo species are rare and endan-gered. Such
species may require conservation efforts fortheir survival.
Mr. Kamesh Salam talk about the Industrial application ofbamboo.
As a example he was showing the Chinese in-
dustries making bambooboards, floor tiles and walltiles. He was
explaining wasthe organised system inchine right from plantationto
the production likedevided job in between dif-ferent people and
villages.They have system like some-body who do the plantationand
provide quality bam-boo, then the other groupwill take care of
transporta-tion, Then next group will dothe sixing and spliting,
then
it has gone to the factory wher it is boiled ,treeted andthen
applied glue on it then stacked together. After all thisthis will
go to another unit to press it together to makeboards and other
products. He was alo talking about theBamboo shoot-food products
and the scope of that inIndia. he also mentioned the indian bamboo
mat ply. Soin India we need to have an organised way of
productionright from plantation to marketing. Now this is the time
tothink about it.
Status of seismicity in NE India and earthquakedisaster
Mitigation, Dr. R.P. Tiwari, Dept og Geol-ogy, Pachhunga university
College, MizoramUniversity.Aizawl.
Dr. Tiwari talk about the occurrence of earthquake, howit
happence and the NE regions earthquake. NE India isseismically one
of the six most active regions of the world.It is placed in zone 5,
the highest zone, of the seismiczonation map of India. The region
has experienced 18large earthquakes during the last 100 years
including thegreat earthquake of shillong (1897, M=8.7) and
assam-Tibet border (1950, M=8.7). besides, several hundredsmall and
microearthquakes have also been recorded inthe region. It is not
the earthquake them selves that killpeople but the collapse of man
made structures whichdoes most of the damage. There fore suitable
buildingcodes should be recommended in the region and shouldin a
plannes manner with available and suitable material
14
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Design tool for bamboo building, Fitri Mardjono,Indonesia.
Activities of IPIRTI in the bamboo housing sector,Dr. H.N.
Jagadeesh
Dr. Jagadeesh was talkingabout the bamboo matboard and various
uses ofit, then the treatment andpreservation of bambooand also the
house theydeveloped and prototypedin bangalore.
IPIRTI has been associatedwith development of bam-boo based
composites formore than two decades. Itis successfully developedand
transferred the tech-nologies for manufacturingBamboo Mat Board
andBamboo Mat veneer Composits.The Institute has alsodeveloped the
technology for Eco-friendly roofing mate-rial from bamboo viz.
Bamboo mat corrugated sheets. Inaddition, several housing
applications of these materialhave also been evolved. Bamboo
related R&D efforts haveculminated into evolution of bamboo
based housing sys-tem wherein round/split bamboo/bamboo
compositeshave been efficiently combined along with
conventionalbuilding materials. A few demonstration houses have
al-ready been constructed using this technique.
In the beginning he hadtalked about the problemsidentification
and solvingthe problem by design pro-cess after looking at
theconstraints and analysis ofthe problem of building de-sign
practiced in Indinesia.
The he had talked the de-sign tools - software - theydeveloped
for building thehouses. It is like you canchoose the place where
youwant to make the house.
15
then see the material available and the soil,weather con-dition
and select the design according to that .Later he mentioned abou
the few truss structures they haddeveloped for different
construction like building housesand bridges etc. The joints were
made from sheet metaland nut and bolts.The important of the
software is it provides all the infor-mation to manage build a
house. And also it is very userfriendly. Right now in Indonesia
there are lack of releventinformation provided the the designer. If
a designer doestknow more about the material and other aspects it
is verydifficult to do design.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Presentations by participants:
DipankerSocial Scientist
Here he mentioned the re-lation of nature and the hu-man beings
that, there areso much there in nature, wehave to discover it. And
alsoit is very important thet wehave to give more attentionto the
traditional knowledgewhich is derived after a longexperiences
living with na-ture and the material. healso mentioned the link
be-tween material growth andspiritual growth
16
Participants from different places attended the presenta-tion
session. All are from different background like Archi-tects,
Engineers, Designers, Artisans, Government Offi-cials, Students,
Interior Designers, Teachers, Scientists,Social workers, NGOs,
Artists,etc. Since are from differ-ent back ground it was necessary
to understand eachotherand working in a group to share the
experiences andknowledge and learn more for a better out put.
Thesepresentations gave tham a chance look at each othersworks and
to understand what is happening around them.After the presentations
by the core group another grup ofpresentations had happened by the
participants. It wasmore like presenting their papers and share
their experi-ences to others.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Dr. T.K. Damodharan,Wood Scientist
Mr. Sukumar Haobam,Product Designer
Mr. David EliBamboo Rattan Enthusiast
Mr. Vaibhav KaleyArchitect
He had talked about thehousing system of Kerala, asouthern state
of India, andexplained the trend which isbuilding very
expensivehouses. He also mentionedthe traditional material
andtechniques which can beadapeted for the new devel-opment and
diversificationof the system. He also men-tioned about the
treetmentof the bamboo and cane.
Mr. Sukumar talked aboutthe housing system ofManipur. The place,
mate-rial, house plan structureand the joints of differentmaterial
like stone andwood etc. Here more woodused as structuralmembers.He
also men-tioned about the foundationlike puting wooden pole onto
the stone like tennon andmortise joint.
Mr. David has talked aboutthe present scenario ofbamboo in
Ghana. Therethey have only natural for-est bamboo, there is
noplantations. For housingthey use whole bamboo forsuper structure.
Half splittenbamboo for the roof struc-ture/roof. They also use
re-jected roof tiles as a filler forthe bamboo reinforcedconcreet
roof.
He talked about his experi-ence working in anerthquake affected
area,Bhuj,Gujarat, recently.There he had used bambooand bamboo
laminatedplyboard for the house con-struction. He mentionedabout
longer time housing,semi structure and cost ef-fectiveness of his
work. Italso should be a systemwhich ready for any time.
17
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Mr. Daniel L.A. OforiBuilding /Landscaping
Mr. Anil KumarOSD to Minister of Power
Mr. Harinarayan SaikiaTechnical officer
Ms. Mibi EteArchitecture Student
Talked about the Bamboo& Ratten Network ofGhana(BARNET) and
theiractivities for the economicand social development.Basically
creating aware-ness through axhibition ofchinese bamboo productsand
sending the craftsmento china for training in pro-duction,
plantation etc. Alsoplanning for large planta-tion of sellected
species.
He talked abou the activi-ties of Maharashtra spe-cially goa
region. here theyfocussing of generation ofsurplus economy
throughvalue addition, wastage re-duction employment gen-eration
for women likekerala, etc. He also talkedabout the plantation
andthe need according to themarket and community de-velopment
through this.
Here he had explainedabout what he doing in thefield as a
technical officer.How to make things avail-able for the grass root
levelpeople. Like there are somany axplorationshappenning in lab
level andthe result is not reaching tothe land. He was also
talk-ing about the plantationand how it has to be donein this level
of people.
She had talked about thetraditional construction ofArunachal.
Basically aboutthe construction and thespace planning. They
makefree standing house, thepoles stay on stones. Theroof is mostly
tatched. Thesmoke that comes from thefire place give treatment
tothe bamboo and the roof.now concreat is introducedfor the
pillars
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Mr. Sumit Kr. MajumdarCivil Engineer
Mr. C. ThanchuangaArchitect
Mr. Nehemiah PanmeiProject co-ordinator
Mr. K. RamachandranIndustrial Designer
Talked the experiments hehad tried for low coasthousing in
Tripura. For theroof he had used reinforcedconcreat, like first
tied themooli bamboo with G.I.wire and placed polythiensheet on top
and thenchicken mesh and thencocreat on top of it. It issuccessful.
He also talkedabout the cultivation ofbamboo from the nodes.
Talked the change of mate-rial used for construction inMizoram.
Earlier there wereeverything was depend onwood and bamboo. Nowthere
is problems gettingwood. So people go forconcreat, and it is
expensivebecause the material hascome from out side. And
thetransportation is difficult.There he suggest bambooas material
for future.
He had mentioned his ex-periences in Chine duringhis visit and
how he canapply this system here. Healso talked abou the INBARand
UNIDO s variousprogrammes which will helpfor the upliftment of
thematerial in the north-east.According to him theavarness
programmesshould start form the grassroot level people.
Talked about the bamboothouse they have designedat IIT Guwahati,
and howthey are planning about theconstruction and space layout of
the same. here theyhave used the bend bam-boo for the roof
structure.The inside part is devided into two areas. At present
thehouse is still in detailinglevel. They had made ascale model of
the same.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
PresentationChemical Bamboo preservation method, Practi-cal
session by M/S Pest Control, Guwahati.
Material required:Plastic sheet big sizePlastic tube as long as
bambooMethyl Bromide - cylinderconnector
Method:Place the bambooor bamboo splitswhich needs totreat place
on theplastic sheet. Putthe one end ofplastic (Nylon) tubeon
bamboo, thencover the entirebamboo with plas-tic by folding
theplastic from all thesides on th thebamboo spilts.Then the other
endof the pipe conectto the gas (chemi-cal) bottle, so the
Chemcal (which is a gas)will pass through the tubeto the folded
plastic sheetand collect there and go into the bamboo which
kept
inside the plastic folds. thenit needs to kept for one dayand
then remove it. By thetime this gas should go in-side the bamboo
cells andgive a prevention from anyfungal or insect
affection.During the process it shouldbe ensured that the
plasticshould be closed very welland the chemical should nothave
any contact with hu-man body. Also should usesafty masks and
avoidbreathing the gas. It is verygangerous to the health.This is a
very effective treat-ment for bamboo.
Various steps of the bamboopreservation process shownedduring
the workshop.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 21
Construction of Model house
As a part of the workshop at berawtlang a housebeen built in
Colombian - Ecuador techniquesdesigned by Mr. Jorge Moran and Mr.
Juan Carlos.This house was the main subject of the workshop.The
house is designed specially for the earth quakeprone areas. In
colombia and ecudore this tech-niques has been used for years since
both thecountries are considered as high seismic zone. Metal rods
casted with concreat
Half wall of bricks been made on thefoundation
concreat foundation been made (above)The place for pipe
connection (below)
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 22
The construction of house started during the beginning ofthe
workshop. According to the plan they had started withmaking
concreat foundation. Which is started belowground level and it ends
just above the gound. There are
metal rodes comming outfrom the foundation for fur-ther
construction and it toconnect with the foundation.Then a brick wall
is con-structed above the founda-tion and it breackswhereever the
iron rodscomes up. This place is leftto cast in concreat for
sup-porting the pillar. Later thisis joined with an anotherrode
structure which connectall the walls and pillars to-gether
The corner detailsconnecting thefoundation, halfwall and the
tie.
Details of pillar constructionbetween two walls andconnection to
the tie.
Putting up the bamboo pols.
Participants are observing theconstruction of pillars, guidingby
the architects.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 23
1. Bricks placed on theground for a better qualityfloor2. Above
the brick wall put-ting concreat tie for strongholding3. Pillar
base made ofbrick, the rods comes out tofix the bamboo pols for
pil-lar construction.4. Bamboo joint togetherfor the beems to be
put overthe pillars for constructingthe roof and as a tie mem-ber
for pillars.
1
2
4
3
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 24
The construction progressed between the other assign-ments of
the workshop. Participants shown very enthusi-asm working towards
building this house.
After the concreat tie on the brick wall, bamboo polesplaced on
the rods, as pillars of the house. These polesagain connected with
another tie beems. All these werenot has been fixed properly with
the concreat or bolts forthe ease of adjustments during the
construction since bam-boo is not a very even material in sizes and
in diameter.
Different views during the construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 25
Various joints used for the construction of themodel house using
hardwares.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 26
V
Various joints used for the construction of themodel house using
hardwares.
An inser been putfor the joint
Drilled holes on the pillarto put concreat inside
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 27
During the construction of pillars and the beams, there
isanother work was going. Another group of people wasmaking the
pannels for the wall. Here they were madewooden frames according to
the sizes requires, which willfit in between the pillars. Then on
the surface they hadplaced flatened bamboo which was treated early
in MithilBromide for protecting from insects. It is fixed with nail
tothe wood. The nail was not put in to the wood completely.Because
it was required to tie the metal wire on top of it tohold the
bamboo with the wood. After putting the nail onthe bamboo and wood
metal wire tied at one end andcontinue taking to the nest nail and
tied on to it and con-tinue like that. It helps to stop the
splitten bamboo slip-ping off from the wooden frame.
This kind of pannels been prepares and kept aside to fixwith the
pillars. The bamboo splits had been placed botheside of the wooden
frame. So the middle part will be emptyeven after the construction
of the houses. This will reducethe weight and also this will act as
heat insulator. Herethe bamboo also used as a reinforce material
for theplasterring. This methods been practiced in Colombia andalso
in Ecuadore
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 28
There are different kinds of foundation for the pole hasbeen
made as a sample piece during the workshop. Thishas just made for
an experience for the participats. Jorgeand Juan shown this because
it is very important when aperson build a house has to be very care
ful about howthe bamboo fixed to the ground. Here they shown
differ-ent options for that. Buckets and PVC tubes been used
asmould. They also shown how to fix the bamboo on to it.While
casting itself they inserted rods which comes outfrom the concreat
and them bamboo is fixed to it. Thisentire concreat block will go
in to the ground.
Various kinds of foundationcasted in concreat for holdingbamboo
pole in the ground.
Bamboo pole base
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 29
As a part of the workshopbamboo machineries beenintroduced to
the artisans toget a experience workingwith it during the
process.The Machineries shownhere is made by M/s AnmolMachinery
house,Guwahati, Assm, India.
These machines are specially designed for the Indian bamboos,
which isdifferent from the bamboos from other countries. Specially
the blade ismore harder here to make suitable for Indian bamboo.
Mr. Vikas Goenkahad demonstrated the machines and explained the
qualities and the ad-vantages of these machines.
There all kind of machinesbeen displayed and used,like cross
cutter, sliver ma-chine, stick making ma-chine, stick sizing
machineetc. During the workshopmost of the participats uti-lized
these machines.
Introduction to Machineries
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 30
After the presentations made by the participats The
fistassignment been given to them. The task is design a houseusing
bamboo as a primery material. Also cone has towork out the
important joints been used that particularhouse designed by
them.
First They all devided in to 8 teams. These teams hadbring out
some concept and the joints. There was no con-strain of material.
But the joint should be like that theyshould be able to made by
next day. So one has to restrictto the minimum material and
process. During theconceptualisation Mr. Juan and Mr. Muran guided
theeach team.
Assignment 1
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 31
Group Presentations.
Later own Each group has presented the work work to theothers.
They had presented their ideas through drawingsand sketches. Some
are made very detailed sketche. Somepeople worked out the house and
the environment, andhow it is related to it.
The interesting part of it is most of the group has all kindof
people in it. Like some arearchitect, designers, engi-neers,
artisans, Governement officials etc. This is goodexperience for
everybody to work together and under-stand , and share each others
knowledge for this.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 32
After the presentations each group has to selectsome joints and
had to make details and full sizedrawings which shows all the
setails. Later it hasbeen presented again and finalised for
making.
Some of drawing made during the assignment.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 33
Participants working on the joineries they developed
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 34
Participants making the joineries they have designed
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 35
Later each group had presented their work to theothers and
discussion had happened on eachjoints they experimented on the
basis of strength
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 36
Mr. Jorge Moran, Mr. Juan Carlos, Mr. H.N. Jagdeesh,Mr. Bipul
Das had given the feed back to the participatsduring their
presentation of joints.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 37
There are many interesting ideas and concepts been cameout in
this process. Some people tried to improve the
existing one and some came up with new concepts. Someverymuch
applicable in the real situation.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 38
Visit to the traditional MIZO house
It was very important to everybody to seethe traditional system
of building housesin the region. It was very interesting
ex-perience for everybody to see a tradi-tional house where all
different tech-niques been used to build house andhoe they divide
the space in term of of
utilisation. The sliding doors and win-dows roof construction
wall etc, wasvery important and and interesting todo detail study
of it. They also deco-rated the houses with anumal skull
andskins.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 39
Assignment 2
Here the participatns been divided into 4 groups and each group
workedunder a guide. Each team got a subject work.
Here this group was given a tastk to designa temperory structure
forgettogethers and meatings. The group has done 2 models and one
of itbeen made in full scale during the workshop. This structure
can be madein different sizes. The top material also can be changed
according to thesizes and the requirments. This design is very
simple and practical.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 40
The second group had made a kiosk in bam-boo and made a a scale
model of it. It wasvery interesting geometrical form. The ma-terial
used for this is Bamboo mat board andbamboo. The task is to design
an informa-tion kiosk where one has to think about thediamensions
and ergonomics principles.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 41
The third group made a busstop using method of
trussconstruction. Here bamboo isused as tention cables. Thebamboo
is split and joint to-gether to make it in standardsizes. It is a
very strong struc-ture can be used for biggerbuildings also.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 42
Some drawings of the bus stop
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 43
The 4th team concentrated on the gate
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 44
The task was to make a gate in the workshopo site whcihshould be
big enough to alow a bus pass through. Thiswas a very interesting
structure made very simpley andvery fast. Here for the top part
split bamboo been usedand for the pole hole round bamboo is been
used. Thetope is worked out from pure geometry.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Material used for the model house:
Cement ...................................... 50
sacsSand...........................................
8m3Stone.......................................... 5m3Bamboo : (4
mts. long)................ 100 unitsBamboo : (5 mts.
long)................. 80 unitsSplited Bamboo
.......................... 200 m2Chiken
mesh............................... 200
m2Bricks.......................................... 12 m2Timber 2x2
(3mts. long)............ 68 unitsWelded wire mesh (for the
floor)... 42 m2
Ceramic tiles ............................. 11 m2Nails: 1, 1/2
............................. 25 kg.Nails: 3,
4................................ 1 kg.Cinc sheets
#8............................ 18 unitsCinc sheet
#10........................... 18 unitsIron platin 2 x 1/8 (1mt.
long)... 20 unitsRods (1mt. long).......................... 70
unitsNuts ans washers ........................ 300 eachIron #12 (6
mts long).................. 18 unitsIron #10 (6 mts
long).................. 18 unitsIron #
6...................................... 85 Kg.
45
Drawings of the model house prepared by Mr. Jorge Moran and Mr.
JuanCarlos for the workshop in India
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 46
PLAN
ELEVATION
Bamboo poles(ELEVATION)
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 47
Side by side an another group was concentrating on the
modelhouse during the assignments underthe guidance of Mr. Jorge
Moran and Mr. Juan Carlos
chicken mesh used for the reinforcement of mortar plaster-
chicken mesh fixed on to the split bamboo wall and thenplastered on
top.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 48
Inside view, after fixing the wallpannels made of wooden
frameand flattened bamboo.
Out side view of the house whileplastering
a view of the wall from outside.
Making the sun shade of thewindow
Plastering on the wall pannels Plastering on the sun shade
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 49
Various tools and hardwares used during the con-struction of the
house.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 50
Workshop feed back
Mr. Vinay Oberoi addressing the participants Participants
writing the feedback.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 51
Closing function
Pu LalchamlianaHon,ble Minister of StateEnvironment and
ForestDepartment , addressing theparticipants during the
closingfunction
Pu Vanhela Pachuau, Secretary , E&F Mr. Kamesh Salam,
CBTC
Mr. Vinay Oberoi, UNDP Mr. Juan Carlos, Colombia
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 52
The participants and other guests
The participants and other guests
Distribution of Certificates
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 53
Construction of roof
Different view of roof construction
Wooden members fixed to the bamboo Fixing of CGI sheets
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 54
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 55
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 56
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 57
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 58
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 59
Visit of Government Officials at the site
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 60
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 61
Various Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 62
Final Stages of Construction
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 63
Say cheese................
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
Conclusion
The workshop, Affordable Bamboo Housing in EarthquakeProne Areas
was a first of its kind for the North East re-gion. For fifteen
days, a diverse, enthusiastic and highlymotivated group of persons
lived and worked togetherand shared experiences and knowledge.
The workshop participants came from seven countries andfour
continents, twelve States of India the largest contin-gent was
naturally from the States of the North East, forwhom the subject of
the workshop was of immediate andpractical relevance.
The workshop went far beyond its original objectives, andthe
output significantly exceeded the expectations of theorganisers. It
also succeeded in overcoming the consid-erable logistical and other
difficulties that are a part ofany venture of this kind in the
region.
The primary objective of the workshop was to demon-strate and
transfer the technology and skills developed inLatin America for
simple, sturdy, inexpensive bamboobased housing technology. This
was carried out, and thelegacy, in addition to the bamboo house at
Berwatalang,is a nucleus of people who have sufficiently
familiarisedthemselves with the concepts not only to be able to
buildsimilar structures in their respective locations, but to
adaptthem to specific local needs. and places of work. In this
regard, the contributions made by Mr. Jorge MoranUbidia,
Director, Hogar de Christo Foundation, Mr. JuanCarlos Jaramillo,
Architect and Mr. Bipul Das, Architectwere invaluable and provided
the starting point for dis-cussion, interaction and building
activity.
The discussion during the workshop successfully coveredalmost
all of the practical aspects of bamboo-based hous-ing. The
participants were introduced to different con-struction systems,
and to a range of technology, materialsand skills. The initial
presentations led to lively discus-sions on the current
construction systems in India, andtheir relative advantages and
disadvantages. These inter-active discussions led into practical
sessions on construc-tion elements, bamboo preservation, and
adaptation ofnew designs.
The workshop also emerged as a platform for ideas andproblems to
be shared and discussed, and for specificproblem solving.
It proved to be a highly instructive and enjoyable experi-ence,
and the participants were delighted at the opportu-nity of getting
the opportunity for hands-on learning.
The workshop was not only an interactive forum for archi-tects
and other professionals, but for the local people,decision makers,
media and construction agencies. It was
64
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
a unique and educative experience for them all. The ex-hibition
of various industrial bamboo products, which wasalso concurrently
held with the workshop, was a majorattraction for the participants
and the local population.
There is no doubt that the model bamboo house con-structed
during the course of the workshop will pave theway for many more
such houses to come up in the nearfuture not only in the North East
but in other parts of thecountry as well .At the same time it will
be a model housefor the government sponsored rural housing schemes
inIndia.
The workshop was a success not just because of the factthat
participants from other countries participated in it. Itwas a
success because of the active support, cooperationand collaboration
by the local people.
65
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
RefferencesList of organizers
1. Dr. Ralf KwaschikSr. Information Specialist and Network
AdvisorC/o INBAR, P.O. Box 100101 –80, Beijing100101, P.R.
[email protected]
2. Mr. T.P. SubramonyResident ManagerINBAR – South Asia Office,
New Delhi 110003,IndiaPh. 011-461941130
3. Mr. Kamesh SalamProject Co-ordinator,CBTC, opp. To Guwahati
Tea Auction CenterG.S. Road, Dispur – 751006, Assam, Ph.
[email protected]
4. Mr. Partha P. MajumdarProject ManagerCBTC – Accountsopp. To
Guwahati Tea Auction Center, G.S. Road,Dispur – 751006, Assam
5. Mr. Vijayan Pillai K.D.Accounts Officer CBTC, opp. To
Guwahati Tea Auction Center,G.S. Road, Dispur – 751006, Assam
66
6. Mr. C. ThanchuangaProject Manager,Industries Office, Khatla,
Aizawl, [email protected]
7. Mr. LalnunziaA.C.F.PCCF Office, Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl,
Mizoram
8. Ms. LalrinkimiExtension OfficerIndustries Office , Khatla ,
Aizawl, Mizoram
9 Ms. HunthianghlimiExtension OfficerIndustries Office , Khatla
, Aizawl, Mizoram
10 Ms. B. VanlalhuruaiiComputer Operator Ms. Hunthianghlimi
ExtensionOfficerIndustries Office , Khatla , Aizawl, Mizoram
11 Mr. VanlalhruaiaO/AIndustries Office, Khatla, Aizawl,
Mizoram
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 67
12 Mr. Laldingliana SailoO/AIndustries Office, Khatla, Aizawl,
Mizoram
Resource Persons:
1 Mr jorge Moran U.Architect/Consulatant, Univ. de
GuayaquilCatolica. INBAREcuador,[email protected], ph.
593-4-2384283
2 Mr. Juan Carlos Jaramillo P.Architect/Consultant, Univ. Gran
Colombia.INBARAV. Bolivar 7N Apto 501Armenia-Colombia
3 Mr. Don Lionel JayanettiHead Trada International, Trada
Technology,Stocking Lane Hughenden Valley, HP 14 $NDU.K.
+441494569600
4 Mr. Fitri MardjonoPHD Student, Eindhoven University of
Technol-ogy,T Hofke 107 5641 Ak EindhovenThe Netherlands
5 Mr. Bipul Kr. DasArchitect, Design NucleusBye Lane 11 West
R.G. Baruah Rd, Guwahati.
6 Dr. H.N. JagadeeshConsultant, IPIRTINo.179(710),24th.
B’Cross,III vlockJayanagar, Bangalore-560011
7 Dr. T.K. DhamodaranScientist, Kerala Forest Research
InstitutePeechi, Kerala, 680653.
8 Dr. K. HaridasanScientist –SE, State Forest Reasearch
Institute,Van Vihar, P.B. No. 159, Itanagar
Participants
1 Mr. Daniel L.A. OforiBuilding Landscaping Contractor,
BARNETP.O. Box 7268,ACWLA – North Ghana
2 Mr. David EliBamboo & Rattan Enthusiast, BARNETP.O. Box Ds
1469, Dansoman – ACCRA, Ghana
3 Alexander BosjnakFaculty of Industrial Design,National
Institute of Design, Paldi, Ahmedabad,380007
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
4 Mr. Shanti Kumar ChakmaA.E., Kamalanagar, Cadc, Mizoram
5 Mr. Samuel Saithuamliana C/o Chairman,
Relief&Rehabilitation Board,Khatla, Aizawl, Mizoram
6 Mr. LalfakzualaC/o Chairman, Relief&Rehabilitation
Board,Khatla, Aizawl, Mizoram
7 Mr. TlanglianchhumaSDO, Distribution Sub Div. Ii
(P&E)Aizawl, Mizoram
8 Mr. Thokchom BuddhabirArchitect, Chingamathak Thokchom
LeikaiEdge Consultants
9 Mr. LalrinmawiaSub Divisional Officer TCAizawl Water supply
projectMizoram
10 Mr. Malsawma SailoManaging Director, United Engineer’s
Society,Khatla, Aizawl, Mizoram
11 Ms. Elizabeth ZodinglianiProject Director, united Engineers
Society,Khatla , Aizawl, Mizoram
12 Mr. Peter LalzawmliamaProject Assistance, Zohandco, Aizawl,
Mizoram
13 Mr. Anthony VanlaltluangaCultivatorH/No.6 mission
VengEX-MNA
14 mr. C.N. TluangaO/S, Tuikual North, Aizawl, Mizoram
15 Navin GulguliaTechnical ExecutiveC/o United Impex Limited,
Silchar
16 Mr. Lynda ParteiSDO (TC)PWD, Project Div –1
17 Mr. Lalnithanga PachuauP.S. to Chairman, R&R Advisory
board, RamhlunVengali, AizawlEX-MNA, Mizoram
18 Mr. VanlalchhuanaE.E. PWD Aizawl building Div.Executive
Engineer
19 Mr. K. BeingiachhieOfficer on Special Duty, Mara
House,mamraAutonomous district council Zotlang, Aizawl
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
20 Mr. Sambhu DebbarmaAsst Engineer, Rural, Dev. Dept. of
TripuraC/o the Executive EngineerR.Div Dhadai, Tripura.
21 Vikas goenkaSales ExecutiveAnmol Mach. House, Burnihat ,
Guwahati, Assam
22 Mr. Alakesh BaruahAlakesh baruahAEI road, Chandmari,
Guwahati
23 Ms. Mibi EteSchool of Planning and ArchitectureIP Estate 4-B,
New Delhi
24 Mr. Harinarayan SaikiaTechnical Officer, N.C. Hills Community
Re-sourceManagement SocietyHaflong 788819, Assam
25 Miss. Mibina SaikiaAsstt. Design & Production, Design
NucleusGandhi-Basti P.O. Silpukhuri,Guwahati, India
26 Mr. Anil KumarOSD to Minister of Power15, Ashoka Rd. ,
NewDelhi , Government of India
27 Mr. Dipankar MahantaR.G. Baruah Rd., Nabin NagarJanapath ,
Guwahati
28 Mr. Sumit Kr. MajumdarProject Engineer, Centre for Social
Works &Research (CSR)Agartala, Tripura
29 Mr. Thesar TachangSocial worker, Palin P.O. Palin Dist.Kurung
Kumei (API)Future Generation, Arunachal
30 Mr. Byabang rockitPalin P.O., PalinMaster Co- ordinator
committeeFuture Generation, Arunachal
31 ER. K. LalrinmawiaAsstt. Engineer, RCH ProjectThuampui,
Aizawl
32. Mr. F. AilianaInstructor, Building Gentre, Zuangtui,
Aizawl.
33 Mr. RosangzualaSecretary, Mizoram Bio – Science,Management
Centre Society, Aizawl
34 mr. Dinesh Chandra ChakmaPresident, Mizoram Buddhist Dev.
Welfare,Kamalanagar, Assam.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
35 Mr. LalbiaksangaExecutive Engineer, EE(P) Trandmission
Cricle,P&E Dept.Aizawl, Mizoram
36 Mr. H. LalrinthangaPresident, YMA, Tlangnuam, Aizawl.
37 Mr. LalkhawingaihaCo-ordinator, Aizawl Building Centre
Society,Chawlhhmun, Aizawl.
38 Mr. David LalmuanpuiaExecutive member, C/o F.
Hrangvela&sons,Zidco Building, Upper Khatla, Aizawl.
39 Mr. R. LalchhanpuiaE.O.(IND) Rural Development
Dept.Aizawl
40 Mr. John ZosanglianaE.O., Rural Dev. DepartmentChandmari,
Aizawl
41 Ms. LalrinpuiaSocial Worker, Kanaan VengHNAM Chhantu
42 Mr. R. lalronghakaCo-ordinator, Aizawl Building
Centre,Ramhlun South, Aizawl.
43 Mr. LalnumawiaNews Editor, Aizawl Thupuan,Treasury Square,
Aizawl.
44 Mr. L.T. lalrinmawiaAsstt. Engineer, Directorate of Local
Administra-tion,Thakthing Tlang, Aizawl.
45 Mr. C. LalremtluangaStaff Officer, industrial Department,
Zidco, Aizawl
46 Mr. B. S. BhakuniD&PO,66 ENGR REGT, C/o 99 APO, Army
47 Mr. Sukumar HaobamDesign Consultant, Top Leikai,
Singjamei,Imphal, 795008, Manipur.
48 Mr. Sharangajit LishamSecretary, Craft Society of Manipur,
Imphal,Manipur.
49 Mr. Nehemiah PanmeiProject Co-ordinator, Tamenglong Bamboo
&CaneDve. Org. (TAMBAC)Tamenglong, Manipur
50 G. Chetan SharmaArtist, Kakching Bazar, Manipur, (CBTC)
70
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
51 Mr. Susanth C.S.Industrial Designer,National Institute of
Design, Paldi , Ahmedabad,[email protected]
52 Mr. H. Ngurdawla,Forester, KhatleForest Department
53 K. RamachandranProfessor, Department of Design,IIT,
Guwahati
54 Ranjib BaruahArchitect, C/o Designers Plenum,Ashianasarvodaya
path,Byelane of G.S. Rd. Opp. Rajiv Bhavan,Guwahati- 781005,
Assam
55 Mr. C.DarrikhumaForester, D.F.Os Officer, Aizawl
56 Ms. Lalrima WII KhiangteDev. Officer, Hudco, Aizawl,
Mizoram.
57 Mr. Vaibhav KaleyDesigner, Aproop Nirman, Nagpur
58 Ms. Chhungi ZahauManager, Mizoram Co-operative Apex Bank
Ltd.,Head Office, Aizawl.
59 Mr. LalzakhamaSDO (TC), Store Div., Chhinga Veng,Aizawl,
Mizoram.
Technical Staff
1 Mr. Anjal GoswamiCBTC, Opp to Guwahati Tea Auction
Center/G.S.Road,Dispur, 751006 (Assam)
2 Mr. H. Priyo Km SinghCBTC, Opp to Guwahati Tea Auction
Center/G.S.Road,Dispur, 751006 (Assam)
3 Mr. Arup Ali CBTC,Opp to Guwahati Tea Auction
Center/G.S.Road,Dispur, 751006 (Assam)
4 Mr. Dushmanta GayanP.O. Bahhara, Vill. BaligoanSonitpur,
Assam
5 Mr. Alok MahantaP.O. Barangabari, Vill. Napamua goan,Sonitput,
Assam
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas
6 Mr. Arupjyoti GoswamiS/o Sjt Sarat Ch. Goswami,P.O. + Vill
Ghahi , Assam
7 Mr. Sahid AliAnmol Machinery House, Guwahati.
8 Mr. Vijay SinghPCI Ltd, Guwahati
9 mr. Amarjit SinghCBTC Guwahati.
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affordable bamboo housing in earth quake prone areas 73
PhotographySusanth C.S.Alexander BosjnakCBTC
Graphic DesignDeepa Vijayakumar
CompilationSusanth C.S.