affirmative & Negative Agreement

7/24/2019 affirmative & Negative Agreement

1/19

L/O/G/O

AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE

AGREEMENT,NEGATION & COMMANDS

SARI WIJI UTAMI, SP.

POLITEKNIK NEGERIBANYUWANGI


2/19

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT

When indicating that one person or thingdoes something and then adding that

another does the same, use the word so and too. To avoid needless repetition ofwords from the a rmative statements,use the conjunction and , followed by asimple statement using so and too. Theorder of this statement will depend onwhether so and too is used.


3/19

1) When a form of the verb be is used in themain clause, the same tense of the verb be isused in the simple statement that follows.

a rmative statement ( be ) and subject verb ( be ) tooOR

a rmative statement ( be ) and so verb ( be ) subject

EXAMPLE ! am happy, and you are too.! am happy, and so are you.


4/19

") When a compound verb (au#iliary verb), for e#ample, will go ,should do, has done, have written, must examine,

etc., occursin the main clause, the au#iliary of the main verb is used in thesimple statement, and the subject and verb must agree.

a rmative statement (compound verb) and subject au#iliaryonly too

ORa rmative statement (compound verb) so au#iliary only subject

EXAMPLE They will wor$ in the lab tomorrow, and you will too.They will wor$ in the lab tomorrow, and so will you.


5/19

%) When any verb e#cept be appears without any

au#iliaries in the main clause, the au#iliary do, does, ordid is used in the simple statement. The subject andverb must agree and the tense must be the same.

a rmative statement (single verb e#cept be ) and subject do, does,or did too

ORa rmative statement (single verb e#cept be ) and so do, does, or did

subject

EXAMPLE &ane goes to that school, and my sister does too.&ane goes to that school, and so does my sister.


6/19

ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES

' &ohn went to the mar$et, and we did too.' &ohn went to the mar$et, and so did we.' ! will be in ew or$ in &anuary, and they will too.

' ! will be in ew or$ in &anuary, and so will they.' *e has seen her plays, and the girls have too.' *e has seen her plays, and so have the girls.' We are going to the movies tonight, and +u y is too.' We are going to the movies tonight, and so is +u y.' -obo was a famous painter, and uben was too.' -obo was a famous painter, and so was uben.


7/19

EXERCISE 1

1. ose li$es to /y, and her brother 00000 too.". They will leave at noon, and ! 00000 too.%. *e has an early appointment, and so 00000 !.

. +he has already written her letter, and so 00000 herfriends.2. Their plane is arriving at 3 o4cloc$, and so 00000 mine.5. ! should go to the store this afternoon, and so 00000 you.

6. We li$e to swim in the pool, and they 00000 too.7. 8ur 9nglish teacher loves to travel, and so 00000 we.3. *e has lived in :e#ico for ;ve years, and you 00000 too.1


8/19

NEGATIVE AGREEMENT

Either and neither function in simplestatements much li$e so and too in

a rmative sentences. *owever, eitherand neither are used to indicate negativeagreement. The same rules for au#iliaries,

be and do, does, or did apply.


9/19

negative statement and subject negative au#iliary or be either

ORnegative statement and neither positive au#iliary or be

subject

EXAMPLE ' ! didn4t see :ary this morning. &ohn didn4t see :ary this morning.

! didn4t see :ary this morning, and &ohn didn4t either.! didn4t see :ary this morning, and neither did &ohn.

' &ohn hasn4t seen this movie yet. ! haven4t seen this movie yet.

&ohn hasn4t seen this movie yet, and ! haven4t either.&ohn hasn4t seen this movie yet, and neither have !.


10/19

EXERCISE 2 !GROUP

"OMEWORK#1. The children shouldn4t ta$e that toys, and 00000 should

she.". We don4t plan to attend the concert, and 00000 do they.%. ! don4t li$e mango, and he doesn4t 00000.. +he didn4t see anyone she $new, and 00000 did Tom.2. The an$ees couldn4t play due to the bad weather, and

00000 could The =ngels.5. We can4t study in the library, and they 00000 either.

6. ! haven4t wor$ed here before, and neither 00000 you.7. ou didn4t pay the rent, and he 00000 either.3. &ac$ shouldn4t run so fast, and neither 00000 you.1


11/19

NEGATION

To ma$e a sentence negative, add the negativeparticle not after the au#iliary or verb be . !f thereis no au#iliary or be , add the appropriate form ofdo, does, or did and place the word not after that.

&ohn is rich. &ohn is not rich.+andra is going to *awaii. +andra is not going to*awaii.:ar$ has seen -ill. :ar$ has not seen -ill.:ary can leave now. :ary can not leave now.


12/19

NEGATION

The following e#amples contain noau#iliary, and thus use do, does, or did.

:arvin li$es spinach. :arvin does not li$espinach.!saac went to class. !saac did not go to class.They want to leave now. They do not want toleave now.


13/19

NEGATION

' Hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, etc.emember that in an 9nglish sentence it is

usually incorrect to have two negativestogether. This is called a double negative andis not acceptable in standard 9nglish. Thefollowing words have a negative meaning,

and thus must be used with a positive verb.


14/19

$% '() %(*+ -+-$/

% ()

% () * % + ('+* * % %(*+ -

4% 4()

%(*+ - +- %-%((

$% '()EXAMPLES &ohn rarely comes to class on time. (&ohn usually doesn4tcome to class on time)

&erry hardly studied last night. (&erry studied very little lastnight).+he scarcely remembers the accident. (+he almost doesn4tremember the accident).We seldom see photos of these animals. (We almost never seephotos of these animals).

&ane barely arrived on time. (&ane almost didn4t arrive on time).! hardly ever go to sleep before midnight. (! usually don4t go tosleep before midnight).


15/19

COMMANDS

= command is an imperative statement.8ne person orders another to dosomething. !t can be preceded by please .

The understood subject is you. >se thesimple form of the verb.

?lose the door. @eave the room.Alease turn oB the light. 8pen your boo$.8pen the window. -e Cuiet.


16/19

NEGATIVE COMMANDS

= negative command is formed byadding the word dont before the verb.

Don4t close the door.Alease don4t turn oB the light.Don4t open the window.


17/19

INDIRECT COMMANDS>sually the verbs order , ask, tell, or say areused to indicate an indirect command. Theyare followed by the in;nitive Eto verbF.

&ohn told :ary to close the door. &ac$ as$ed &ill to turn oB the light. The teacher told ?hris to open the window.Alease tell &im to leave the room.

&ojo ordered -ill to open the boo$. The policeman ordered the suspect to beCuiet.


18/19

NEGATIVE INDIRECTCOMMANDS

To ma$e an indirect command negative,add the particle not before the in;nitive.

&ohn told :ary not to close the door. &ac$ as$ed &ill not to turn oB the light. The teacher told ?hris not to open thewindow.Alease tell &im not to leave the room.

&ojo ordered -ill not to open the boo$.


19/19

L/O/G/O

T$% 5 Y+6

G% %-- 7+ M/' T - 8!9+9#:

affirmative & Negative Agreement

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