Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific... connecting citizens to improve governance Cambodia Indonesia Philippines.

A ffi l i a t e d N e t w o r k f o r S o c i a l A c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i fi c

. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

C a m b o d i a I n d o n e s i a P h i l i p p i n e s M o n g o l i a

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SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY 101Connecting citizens to improve governance…

A ffi l i a t e d N e t w o r k f o r S o c i a l A c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i fi c

. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

C a m b o d i a I n d o n e s i a P h i l i p p i n e s M o n g o l i a

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Some questions…

• Comments or reactions to the video.• What are your insights on SAc based on

what you saw on the video?• What is the feasibility of doing similar

actions in Mongolia, given your contexts?

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. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

C a m b o d i a I n d o n e s i a P h i l i p p i n e s M o n g o l i a

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The Context

A growing consensus…

Poor governance is a, if not THE, principal obstacle to the achievement of poverty reduction and other critical human development goal.

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. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

C a m b o d i a I n d o n e s i a P h i l i p p i n e s M o n g o l i a

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The Context

A growing consensus…

Good governance – transparent, accountable, participatory, effective – cannot be achieved by governments alone.

Good governance requires strong, effective government AND the active participation of citizens and civil society organizations.

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. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

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The Context

Why is participatory governance important?

Because human and citizen rights are not respected

Because ordinary citizens – especially women, poor people, marginalized groups – are largely excluded from governance processes that directly affect their lives

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. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

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The Context

Why is participatory governance important?

Because there is lack of adequate information

Because there is lack of awareness and acknowledgment of human citizens rights

Because of inadequate opportunities for meaningful dialogue and negotiation with public actors

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The ContextCountries now recognize the importance of participatory governance by…

Enhancing citizen access to essential public information

Strengthening citizen voice

Promoting active citizen participation in governance processes

Empowering citizens to hold government accountable – to negotiate for change

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. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

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The ContextConcrete benefits of participatory governance…

Improved governance – transparency, responsiveness, and accountability

Enhanced development – more responsive programs and more efficient and equitable service delivery

Citizen empowerment – enhanced citizen information, voice and influence

Concrete benefits to state actors – legitimacy, popularity, stability, and resources

A ffi l i a t e d N e t w o r k f o r S o c i a l A c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i fi c

. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

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The ContextPARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE

Empowering citizens to influence and share control in processes of public decision-making that affect their lives

Citizens have the right and the responsibility to contribute to processes of public decision-making

At the heart of participatory governance: citizen empowerment and active citizenship

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WHAT IS SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY?

Connecting citizens to improve governance…

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P

TARANSPARENCY

CCOUNTABILITY

ARTICIPATION

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TRANSPARENCY• Decision-making and enforcement

follow set rules and regulations

• Information is freely available for those who will be affected by decisions

• Information is adequate, relevant, easily understandable

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• Those in power are answerable to those who will be affected by the former’s decisions and actions

• They are responsive to the needs of the citizens from whom their power is derived

ACCOUNTABILITY

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• Involvement of citizens in decision-making and in efforts to improve their conditions

• Citizens are free to associate, capacitate themselves, and express their interests and views

PARTICIPATION

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. . . c o n n e c ti n g c i ti z e n s t o i m p r o v e g o v e r n a n c e

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SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITYOrganized and capable citizens engaging

constructively with government to monitor its decisions and actions toward

better delivery of public services, improvement of people’s welfare, and

protection of people’s rights.

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Building Capacities for SAc(Mutual Learning in Action)

ConceptApplication

(situation oriented)Reflection

STRUCTURED LEARNING

Enhanced knowledge and skills to improve SAc practice

Increased ownership of SAc approach & practice

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Constructive Engagement: What It Is Not

Destroying institutions

Unilateral

Co-optation

Confrontation for confrontation’s sake

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Constructive Engagement: What It Is

Citizen groups and government

Evidence- or information-based

Results- or solutions-oriented

Sustained and sustainable engagement

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SAc: Monitoring the PFM

Public Finance Management

Cycle

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

BUDGET FORMULATION

EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE MONITORING &

EVALUATION

A ffi l i a t e d N e t w o r k f o r S o c i a l A c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i fi c

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Participatory Planning

NAGA CITY PEOPLE’S COUNCIL

• Empowerment ordinance of 1995 which institutionalized NCPC

• Vote and participate in deliberations on design, implementation and evaluation of projects and programs

• Outputs: Naga City River Watershed Plan, Naga City Waste Management Plan, City Health Development Plan

A ffi l i a t e d N e t w o r k f o r S o c i a l A c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i fi c

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Budget Monitoring

NGO FORUM, CAMBODIA• Performed monitoring and analysis of

the national budget from 2004 to 2006

• Key findings: Share of budget items for “pro-poor” programs and services have decreased; national budget is not aligned with development plan; limited information on actual spending by ministries

• Outputs: Established working relations with government officials, promoted awareness of national budget process

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Participatory Expenditure Tracking CONCERNED CITIZENS OF

ABRA FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE (PHIL)• CCAGG works out a plan with the

concerned government agency to monitor spending on and implementation of infrastructure project

• CCAGG organizes monitoring teams from the beneficiaries of proposed project and trains them in field-based monitoring work

• Organization unearthed several anomalies in implementation of infrastructure projects

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Participatory Performance Monitoring BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF

GOVERNANCE STUDIES (BIGS)• Conducted surveys, seminars, FGDs with

urban poor to measure effectiveness and gender-responsiveness of government’s housing policy. BIGS also documented slum conditions by taking photos and videos of these areas.

• Key findings/results: Local government’s budget and housing policy did not effectively address urban poor problem; networking with local government and other stakeholders to address urban poor problem.

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For Social Accountability to be

effective, it requires enabling conditions, also called the

Four Pillars of Social Accountability.

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T H E F O U R P I L L A R S(Enabl ing Condi t ions for SAc to be Eff ect ive)

1. GOVERNMENT OPENNESS/CHAMPIONS

2. ORGANIZED AND CAPABLE CITIZENS

3. ACCESS TO INFORMATION

4. CONTEXT & CULTURE APPROPRIATE

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THE AFFILIATED NETWORK FOR SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (ANSA-EAP)

Connecting citizens to improve governance…

A ffi l i a t e d N e t w o r k f o r S o c i a l A c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n E a s t A s i a a n d t h e P a c i fi c

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Roles and Initiatives

Way of working

Core advocacy

(SAc framing &

tools)

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Government – internal reform

CSOs – Expose, oppose, and partner

Constructive engagement

thru SAc

Situation and Context

DIVERSE AND COMPLEX• History• Socio-political milieu• Economy• Governance• Culture

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To help improve the demand side of good governance by mainstreaming the SAc approach in East Asia and the Pacific especially in the various programs, interventions and actions of CSOs and citizen groups as they engage government to improve service delivery, enhance welfare promotion, and strengthen the protection of citizens’ rights.

G O A L

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P U R P O S EBuild a constituency for SAc through a process of institutional network formation among SAc stakeholders (especially CSOs and citizen groups) engaging government and strengthening their capacity to undertake monitoring of public sector performance.

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ANSA-EAP FOCUS AREAS

GEOGRAPHIC

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Cambodia

Indonesia

Mongolia

Philippines

Procurement Monitoring

Local Service Delivery

Education- Roads-Health

Extractive Industry

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