AfA - Liddy Nevile

[email protected] OZeWAI 2007

Access For All Accessibility:

an inclusive approach

Liddy NevileLa Trobe University


My argument

• Being inclusive is a fundamental requirement of integrity

• Inclusion requires adaptability for personal and device differences

• Adaptability satisfies short term inclusion and long term preservation problems

• Quality processes and efficiency certification are essential for the production of inclusive resources (and services) that will also satisfy preservation needs.


How do we know what he needs?

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.


How do we know what he can do?

Braille

Jaws

Zoomtext


How do we know what they need?

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor





Do we need to know?






How do we know what they need?





they


Can we trust them to know what they need?








http://www.humanfactors.com/downloads/accessibletesting.asp


TILE

E-learning environment that enables learner-centric

transformation of learning content and delivery

• Authoring support for transformable content and

Metadata

• Browser

• Learning Object Repository

• Learner Preference System







Accessibility accommodations

• By lowest common denominator?– W3C WAI standards

• By presumed audience?– Guess work by site developer

• By individual user? by context?– AccessForAll standards


Universal accessibility

• The World Wide Web Consortium’s Web Accessibility Initiative’s – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines– Authoring Tools Accessibility

Guidelines– User Agent Accessibility Guidelines– Accessibility implications of all W3C

recommendations


Disabilities Rights Commission (UK)

2003 tests of 1000 UK sites• 808 failed to reach minimum reqs

of WCAG• 100 conformant sites had 585

accessibility and usability problems• 45% of problems not violations of

WCAG


Disabilities Rights Commission (UK)

No guidelines will make all sites accessible for everyone but anyway, not all sites will be accessible

SoA new approach has been developed

(known as AccessForAll approach) to complement the W3C WAI work


Accessibility metadata

• Even if resources are accessibility standards conformant, those that suit an individual user are:– not necessarily accessible to her– not discoverable if they are accessible

• Resources that are not ‘universally’ accessible– might satisfy her needs and/or preferences– might have been made accessible retrospectively– might be made accessible just-in-time


AccessForAll metadata

3 main components:• Metadata to describe needs and

preferences of user• Metadata to describe accessibility

characteristics of resources• Accessibility service to match

resources to needs and preferences


Personal Needs and Preferences (PNPs)

• Display: – how resources are to be presented and

structured,

• Control: – how resources are to be controlled and

operated, and

• Content: – what supplementary or alternative

resources are to be supplied.


Display preferences

• Where the person can’t see text, it may need to be transformed into another mode - auditory or tactile (Braille).

• Text may need to be bigger and a different colour.

• Images may need to be bigger.


Control preferences

• Some assistive technologies effectively replace the typical mouse and keyboard combination without any adjustment

• but others use technologies that require special configuration.

• An on-screen keyboard will use screen space e.g.


Content preferences

• A dyslexic person may need additional images to avoid excessive text density

• a ‘foreigner’ may need an alternative language

• a eyes-busy person may need a text description of an image.


Simple PNP descriptions

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor



Digital Resource Description (DRDs)

• Display: – how the resource can be presented and

structured,

• Control: – how the resource can be controlled and

operated, and

• Content: – what supplementary or alternative resources

are supplied with the resource.


Basic DRD metadata includes:

– Access Mode: vision, hearing, touch, text

– Access Mode Usage: informative or

ornamental

– Display: amenability of a resource to

transformation of the display

– Control: how the method of control is flexible

– Alternatives: any known alternatives


and, where appropriate,

• Components: any parts that make up this resource (a sound file, an image, etc.) or a

composite resource of which it is a part

• Hazards: any dangerous characteristics

• Support tools: electronic tools associated with the resource (calculator, dictionary, etc.)


& DRD for alternatives also includes:

• Identity of the original resource

• Type: kind of alternative

• Extent: extent of coverage of original resource

• Detailed description of the alternative: description of its characteristics necessary for matching it to details of the PNP.


The Matching Process

• in a closed environment


The Matching Process

• in a distributed world


Proving the concept

• ABC video on demand


AfA is an approach …

PNP

DRD

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Fra

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PN

PD

RD

AfA - Liddy Nevile

Design

accessibility metadata

accessible resources

universal accessibility

accessibility accommodations

alternative resources

content preferences

display preferences

control preferences