AEROSOL SOURCES APPORTIONMENT AEROSOL SOURCES APPORTIONMENT IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL (PIRACICABA): INFLUENCE OF (PIRACICABA): INFLUENCE OF SUGAR CANE BURNING SUGAR CANE BURNING Lara, Luciene L.S. 1 ; Artaxo, P. 2 ; Camargo, P.B. 1 ; Martinelli, L.A. 1 ; Ferraz, E.S.B. 1 1 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - e-mail: [email protected]
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AEROSOL SOURCES APPORTIONMENT IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL (PIRACICABA): INFLUENCE OF SUGAR CANE BURNING
AEROSOL SOURCES APPORTIONMENT IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL (PIRACICABA): INFLUENCE OF SUGAR CANE BURNING. Lara, Luciene L.S. 1 ; Artaxo, P. 2 ; Camargo, P.B. 1 ; Martinelli, L.A. 1 ; Ferraz, E.S.B. 1 1 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - e-mail: [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AEROSOL SOURCES AEROSOL SOURCES APPORTIONMENT IN SOUTHEAST APPORTIONMENT IN SOUTHEAST
BRAZIL (PIRACICABA): BRAZIL (PIRACICABA): INFLUENCE OF SUGAR CANE INFLUENCE OF SUGAR CANE
BURNINGBURNING
Lara, Luciene L.S.1; Artaxo, P.2; Camargo, P.B.1;
Martinelli, L.A.1; Ferraz, E.S.B.1
1 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo -
e-mail: [email protected] Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo
Piracicaba River Basin - Geographical LocationPiracicaba River Basin - Geographical Location
Brazil
State of São Paulo
Piracicaba BasinPiracicaba Basin
Equator
Capricorn
Area: 12.400 km2
Population: 2.800.000Counties: 61The second most developed area ofSão Paulo State.
PiracicabaPiracicaba
(%
)
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Sugar
Pasture
Silvicu
lture
Crops
Citrus
Urban
Forest
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Bas
in a
rea
(%)
1978
1993
19 years later
Changes in Land-Use in the Piracicaba BasinChanges in Land-Use in the Piracicaba Basin
1993
1978
1997
The sugar cane burning season extends every year from May to November.
Approximately 20 tons of sugar cane per hectare is burned.
100,000 tons of organic matter or 50,000 tons of C per year.
In Brazil 22% of all gasohol is actually ethanol from sugar cane.
Number of Hot Spots in Number of Hot Spots in the State of São Paulothe State of São Paulo
MayMay
AugustAugust
0
200
400
600
800
Jan
Mar
May Ju
lSep
Nov
Number of fire
spots
0
50
100
150
200
250
Precipitation (mm)
Data from INPE (www.inpe.br)Data from INPE (www.inpe.br)
Rain Water sources in the Piracicaba BasinRain Water sources in the Piracicaba Basin
Acid rain in Piracicaba River BasinAcid rain in Piracicaba River Basin
Bragança: Bragança:
pH = 4.7pH = 4.7
DOC DOC
Campinas: Campinas:
pH = 4.4pH = 4.4
SOSO442-2-, NO, NO33
--
Piracicaba: Piracicaba:
pH = 4.8pH = 4.8
DOC, NODOC, NO33--
Santa Maria: Santa Maria:
pH = 4.9pH = 4.9
DOC, NODOC, NO33--
Se n s i tiv i ty
H ig h
M ed iu m
Lo w
C ity an d W a ter B o d y
B a s e s a tura t ion (% )
0 - 2 5
2 5 - 5 0
5 0 - 7 5
7 5 - 1 0 0
Soil sensitivity to acid rain in Piracicaba River basinSoil sensitivity to acid rain in Piracicaba River basin
WET DEPOSITIONWET DEPOSITION
* Lara et al., 2001
** Willians et al., 1997
*** Pauliquevis et al., 2002
N wet deposition – kg N.ha-1.yr-1
Piracicaba * 5.5
NE - USA 6.0 – 8.0
Central Amazonia * * 1.6
Balbina (Amazonia) *** 1.4
Rondônia (Amazonia) *** 0.8
Relative sources of nitrogen to the Piracicaba River basinRelative sources of nitrogen to the Piracicaba River basinAfter Filoso et al. (2002) - After Filoso et al. (2002) - BiogeochemistryBiogeochemistry
Differences between forest and sugar cane Differences between forest and sugar cane firesfires
Forest mostly in smolderingForest mostly in smoldering200 to 300 tons C /ha200 to 300 tons C /ha
Sugar cane very fast and all in flaming phaseSugar cane very fast and all in flaming phase20 tons/ha = 0.5 tons C/ha20 tons/ha = 0.5 tons C/ha