AERONAUTICAL / AEROSPACE Supervisor: Dr Doug Auld Rm N310, Bldg J11, ph: 9351 2336 ; [email protected]1. DSMC computations of gas flow (subsonic flow boundary conditions) 2. M o d e l c o n s t r u c t ion for smoke visualisation tunnel. 3. Experimental or CFD development and design of wind turbines 4. Validation of stalled aerofoil data All areas are wide ranging and hence allow the possibility of several students working in complementary topics in one of these areas.
26
Embed
AERONAUTICAL / AEROSPACE - Aerospace Mechanical and ...web.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/AMME4111/2016 Thesis Documents/List of topics... · bays, gaps between train carriages and open sunroofs/windows
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
As you are aware UAVs are of great interest at the moment. The Aeronautics group at Sydney University has a long history of design and build experience in this field. Recent survey work has revealed that there is much interest in UAVs with a great variety of extreme performance. Rather than select one part of this design space we would like to start to create computational design tools that can facilitate a wide range of activity and performance. This software would include flight performance, control, aerodynamics and structural modules. For some of these the data is incomplete but we would nevertheless like to make a start. The task would involve scripting in Matlab or VB with as much data and analysis as we can get included.
Software to aid understanding of Structural Analysis in the High School Design and Technology curriculum Professor Grant Steven [email protected][email protected] e-mail for more information
The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) have developed a very popular experimental laboratory in the renewable energy area which tours about 500 high schools each year. The STELR (www.stelr.org.au) Program is a hands-on, inquiry-based, in-curriculum program designed for Year 9 or Year 10 students, on the theme of global warming. They wish to develop material in the structural analysis area that aids students in the appreciation and understanding of this important subject in the area of design.
The research would comprise of looking at the High School curriculum and developing software that drives the Strand7 FEA engine to engender appreciation and encourage enquiry about how to make designs perform better.
The work would involving writing VB or Matlab script that generates GUIs and builds structures and examines the results. The Application Programming Interface (API) drives the Strand7 engine.
To undertake this important task you must enjoy programming and be interesting in the training of future engineers.
Design optimization for wing type structures that targets the ratio of bending to torsional stiffness (Honors project) Professor Grant Steven [email protected][email protected] Dr Gareth Vio [email protected] e-mail for more information
There are many strong reasons that the structure of a wing box is such that the ratio of the bending to the torsional stiffness achieve certain values. Traditionally this has never been studied from an optimization perspective and normally the bending stiffness is optimized and the torsional stiffness follows form this. In the past work has been done in the department that uses a process called Group Evolutionary Structural Optimization to maximize only the specific stiffness of structures, see some examples below. In the present research the same techniques will be used but with the very different objective as described in the title. There will be a significant coding activity in this project in the Matlab or VB driving an API for the Strand7 FEA code.
Simulating the Action of Sporting Equipment for Maximum Performance (Several potential honors projects) Professor Grant Steven [email protected][email protected] e-mail for more information
Long before Finite Element Analysis was developed, people were participating in sports and as competition intensified is became clear that for many sports, the equipment used played as important a part in performance as did the athlete. With the use of modern materials and manufacturing processes there is always scope for maximizing the performance of sporting equipment. Traditionally improvements were incremental, as athletes fed-back suggestions to manufacturers and new prototypes were built and tested. Given the cost of tooling for many of the
current manufacturing methods, carbon fibre with resin infusion to mention one, it is clear that such build and test iterations are not as preferable given the potential of limited success and high cost. Modern simulation techniques are capable of examining a “day–in–the-life” of an object and from an examination of the envelope of response the most sensitive regions can be detected. Iteration on the design variables, provided they remain within any constraints, physical or otherwise, can be incorporated to investigate their effect on performance. Methods such as Design of Experiments (DOE) and Response Surface Analysis (RSA), genetic algorithms (GA) and Monte-Carlo Methods are being increasingly applied to achieve optimisation goals For many sports the outcome depends in the interaction between the sportsperson and the equipment; boot with ball; bat with ball; bow and arrow, and so on. Previous research by my students has looked at tennis, cricket, and soccer. Although interesting results were obtained and valuable learning took place there are still many unanswered questions.
Pictures of ball impact in centre of tennis racquet and off-centre strike of cricket ball on bat.
Selecting this area for a project will involve selection of a sport, identification of desired improvements, leaning non-linear transient Finite Element Analysis with contact and other simulation skills.
3. Design and development of self-assembling mechanisms
Self-assembly is referred to as the spontaneous and reversible organization of units or
components into ordered structures via some sort of interactions. It can occur at different
length scales from nanometers to centimeters and is everywhere in nature. Some relevant
concepts drawn from natural contexts may have many applications in engineering. For
example, a modern civilian aircraft has movable parts e.g. control surfaces, a UAV may have
foldable wings. An aircraft can morph from one configuration to another via self-assembly.
One basic and useful form of self-assembly involves folding two dimensional materials into
three-dimensional (3D) structures and its reversal unfolding process. As in origami, folding
is capable of complex shapes and can be scaled to different sizes, and it can turn flat or
planar materials into 3D complex mechanisms. The figure below depicts: (a) an example of
compressing a 4 by 4 Miura-origami into a small part; and (b) a recent example of self-
folding a flat sheet of material into a complex 3D structures. Self folding requires
employment of one or more actuation methods to actuate the folding and unfolding
processes. It can be applied in remote, autonomous assembly as well as automation of
certain aspects of manufacturing.
Figure 3
This topic aims to explore basic inexpensive self-folding and self-unfolding techniques for
transforming planar material sheets to 3D structural mechanisms or machines. For example,
a self-folding hinge that could be actuated by an external stimulus, such as heat, electricity,
is considered as one of the key element in achieving the target of self-assembling
mechanisms. An ideal self-folding hinge should have the shape-memory characteristics.
4
4. Ambient motion based broadband PZT energy harvester
This project aims to design and prototype of ambient motion based broadband PZT energy
harvesters. As shown in Figure 4(a), a typical arrangement of a PZT based energy harvester
consists of a cantilever beam with a concentrated mass at its tip and a PZT film attached
close to the clamped end. Motion of the clamped end vibrate the beam and generates tensile
and compressive strain the PZT material, which in turn generates electrical charge that could
be collected if an appropriate electric circuit system is chosen. Such system work for a
chosen narrow frequency band, and the energy harvested due to mall amplitude of a random
ambient motion of the base support may be too small to be useful. Figure 4(b) depicts a
broadband energy harvester, which has two added magnets that creates a bi-stable system
and could generate an oscillation with large amplitude resulting in higher and consistent
harvested energy output.
Motion-driven energy harvesters are attractive and inexhaustible replacements for
electrochemical batteries in low-power wireless or portable electronic devices, which could
have significant applications in a wide industry sectors, e.g., health care, electronics, etc.
Figure 4 depicts several examples of such types of applications in self-powered body-
mounted or implanted medical devices or wearable devices, and self-powered and low power
wireless sensors and wireless sensor networks.
It is anticipated that this project will involve both modelling analysis and design and
prototyping. The modelling analysis will be on dynamic analysis of a system with single
mass, spring, damper and two magnets. Prototyping will involve design, fabrication and
testing of mechanical and electrical system.
(a) (b)
(c) (d) (e)
Figure 4 (a) A schematic of an energy harvester; (b) a broadband energy harvester with
magnets; (c) self-powered knee replacement components; (d) a PZT dimorph and PVDF
stave (approximately 18 μW of power could be generated under a stress corresponding to
that produced by a human weighing 68 kg during normal walking), and (e) an integrated
piezoelectric energy harvester and wireless temperature and humidity sensing node.
5
5. Multi-staged and reversible compact and high energy motion actuators
Actuators with large force and large stroke or high energy density are required for morphing
aircraft configuration or external shape. Hydraulic actuators currently used are heavy and
bulky, and hence light weight and compact actuators with high energy density are desirable.
This project aims to develop design basic concept for linear actuator based on snap-through
buckling of multiple structural components. The project involves numerical modeling and
design, and prototyping and testing. It is anticipated that: (a) finite element analysis software
will be used to conduct the necessary nonlinear buckling analysis; (b) selected designs will
be fabricated using 3D printer available in the school and experimentally tested; and (c) a
correlation between the analysis and test results be conducted.
As an illustrative example, Figure 5 depicts selected existing designs that could be
considered as the benchmarks and fabricated before the analysis, and how the designed
components buckle under compression. This project will explore ways of restoring the
collapsed structural components by using the elastic energy trapped in the buckled
components with limited input.
(a)
(b)
Figure 5
These types of actuators could be potentially used in aircraft wings to create smart ribs that
can change its chord-wise height during cruise.
6
6. Design of shape adaptable rotor blade airfoil section using smart material based
actuators
Morphing of rotor blade airfoil section is about actively changing the airfoil section
shape using compact actuators, such as PZT, SMA based actuators, to achieve active
airflow control for enhanced flight performance. This project aims to look into possible
solution to design and analysis of shape adaptable NACA-0012 airfoil section with a
rigid spar using smart material based actuators. Finite element based numerical
simulations are to be performed for achieving desired airfoil shapes.
7. Digital image correlation for full field measurement
This project will offer an opportunity for a student who is keen in
developing/implementing and verifying Matlab based software that is capable of
performing digital image correlation between two images to extract relevant structural
movement. It is expected that DIC software will be used to facilitate measurement of
selected adhesive properties in bonded joints.
8. Controlling the uncontrollable: design of soft actuators
9. Shape changing structure actuated with osmotic pressure
This project aims to extend an existing in-house UAV design tool with higher fidelity models.
The current tool uses lower level modelling of all disciplines. As part of this thesis you need to link the existing tool to higher fidelity
aerodynamic and structures tools like Tranair and NASTRAN.
Once integrated those tools will be used in an optimisation environ-ment to determine the optimum size and shape of a medium altitude long endurance UAV
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT DESIGN
Performance data for small propellers is virtually non-existent and a lot of the required geometry data needed for simulations is absent.
Various thesis projects are avai-lable in this domain to improve understanding of the dominant flow phenomena of small pro-pellers:
- 360 degree AoA airfoil data for low Reynolds numbers
- flow visualisation of the propeller boundary layer
- propeller-fuselage interactions and impact of fuselage block-age
- CFD simulations of small propel-lers & Wind Turbines
Current UAVs are limited in alti-tude by their propulsion system. Small gas turbines have the poten-tial to significantly expand altitude capabilities provided they can be designed with an acceptable efficiency. The following projects aim to address some of the issues of micro gas turbines
Coleman engine The so-called Coleman engine, a semi-closed recuperated engine, is considered to be one of the major alternative cycles for high altitude
long endurance UAVs. This project consists of an analysis of a range of different gas turbine configu-rations at altitude with the aim to quantify the impact of low Reynolds number operation on the different cycles.
Micro Turbine Simulation Due to the low Reynolds numbers and the various alternative engine cycles, a dedicated simulation tool for UAV propulsion is required. In this thesis a micro turbine simulation tool will be developed in Mode-
lica, the leading object-oriented simulation language. The project will consist of the development component models and their integration.
MICRO GAS TURBINES
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT AND SPACEPLANESGeneral Background The tec hn ical and commerc ial feasibility of both hypersonic aircraft and reusable space-planes is studied world-wide. The high temperatures associated with either hypersonic flight or atmospheric reentry result in severe thermal stress for the aircraft structure. Innovative structural designs are therefore required.
Specific projects A multitude of projects are available
in this domain. Possible projects include but are not limited to:
• impact of low speed handling qualities on waverider design and optimisation
• design of a hydrogen fuelled supersonic transport aircraft
• analysis of pre-cooled and variable cycle engines across a range of flight conditions
Fuel cells offer the potential to significantly increase endurance of small electric UAVs. However, their integration requires considerable research. The following topics are available in this general area
Fuel cell controller develop-ment and transient perfor-mance
Fuel cell performance during transients is significantly impacted
by the controller design. This thesis will consist of the design of a fuel
cell controller and an assessment of i t s impact on the t rans ient performance of the fuel cell.
Battery life prognostic model development Battery life and endurance esti-mates are critical for the perfor-mance prediction of electric vehi-cles. In this thesis a NASA deve-loped battery health management model will be extended and applied to a range of mission profiles. The predicted perfor-mance will be compared with measured performance to assess the validity of the model
Electric motor dyno testing Electric motor models are scarce and improved models are needed to correctly predict performance of electric UAVs. In this thesis an improved model will be derived for electric motors based on extensive dyne testing.
Electronic speed controllers are needed to drive brushless DC motors. However, efficiency data for these electronic devices is not widely available. In the current thesis electronic speed controller efficiency will be measured and a model will be developed that allows accurate prediction of speed controller efficiency. !
Modelica is the leading object-oriented model l ing tool for dynamic systems and is used in a range of industries and research institutes. Whereas various open-source models are available in Modelica validation and impro-vement of those models is needed. In this s e r i e s o f t h e s i s modelica models will be developed for a range of applications: !
- drivetrain analysis - aircraft flight mechanics - fuel cel l and battery
For Internal Use Only – Not for external distribution
Dr KC Wong School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Email: [email protected] 2016 Honours/MPE Thesis (ver 1.0 – 18 Sep 2015) Please come and discuss possible topics with me as soon as possible. Subject areas supervised include Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Aircraft Design, Experimental Aerodynamics, Projects to enhance Experiential Learning, and Aeronautical Engineering Education. A particular focus will be on the development of Extreme UAVs, ie. Flight platforms with particularly extreme flight capabilities. Any topics within the following or related areas can be discussed and potentially agreed to. Possible Topic Areas include: (1) (Multiple projects possible) mini UAV Airframe Systems:
a. Tail Sitter VTOL concepts i. Distributed Thrust; ii. Thrust-vectoring; iii. Perching; iv. Micro-“Prop-hanging” fixed wing; v. High Manoeuvrability for flight in cluttered environment.
b. Aerodynamic Modelling, Stability and Control, Design Optimisation, Flight Simulation and Testing of airframe concepts;
c. Development and testing of tube-launched UAV concepts; d. Deployable and morphing structures for airframes; e. Development of UAVs deployed from underwater platforms; f. low Reynolds Number aerodynamics and bio-inspired concepts for indoor/outdoor
operation; (2) Design and Development of High Speed mini-UAVs
(3) Continuing development and testing of a modular Multi-Disciplinary
Experimental UAV Test Aircraft.
(4) Multi-Role Multi-Mode (Aerial-Maritime-Terrestrial) UAV – need to see me to
discuss details..
(5) Tethered Hovering UAV on floating platforms (multiple projects – need to see me to discuss details).
(6) (Multiple projects possible) High Performance BWB (blended wing body) UAV: a. Investigate the shifting in neutral point due to propwash; b. Investigate the use of Split ailerons on BWB aircraft; c. Composite airframe structural optimisation and Rapid Prototyping; d. Dynamic testing of model in the 7 X 5 wind tunnel
e. Improvement of the instrumentation and flight testing i. Alpha-beta-V sensor ii. Control position sensors iii. Interface with X-Plane Flight Simulation iv. Inertia measurement system
For Internal Use Only – Not for external distribution
f. Graphical AVL/Panair editor with expansion to CATIA (part of a fast preliminary aircraft design optimisation tool)
g. Parameter estimation from flight testing i. BWB UAV ii. Cessna 182 (can be compared with full scale) iii. Jabiru J-400 (can be compared with full scale)
(7) Micro EDFs (Electric Ducted Fans) – effect of tailpipe design and thrust-
vectoring mechanisms.
(8) Exploring Rapid Prototyping for new UAV designs, using 3D printing (additive manufacturing) and other facilities.
(9) Launcher for flight testing of small UAVs.
(10) Lighter-than-Air UAV flight systems.
(11) (priority continuing project) The Development of Experiential-Learning Laboratory facilities for
Thin-wall and Aircraft Structures.
(12) (continuing project) Development and review of integrated Experiential-Learning curriculum for Aeronautical Engineering education.
(13) …???...come and see me to discuss your ideas…
2016 Thesis Topics ‐ supervised by P. Gibbens
Vision based UAV navigation in GPS denied environments.
This project aims to further develop innovative UAV control and navigation systems for
operation in GPS denied environments like cluttered urban canyons. The 2015 group has
taken a Parrot quad‐rotor drone and implemented communications and electronics to allow
the vehicle to be controlled from an external computer via wi‐fi. The computer acquires
motion information from the on‐board sensors and sends control commands to the vehicle
to achieve certain control and navigation objectives. The system provides a demonstration
capability for control strategies and visual navigation methods developed in in‐house
research investigations. In 2015 this project has produced preliminary working
demonstrations of feature based visual navigation techniques.
In 2016 I would like to put
together a group to advance
the core elements of this
project and produce a working
optimal mission system to
demonstrate a full mission in
the Bennett lab navigating the
AR Parrot drone amongst a
virtual cityscape discovering
and modelling the
environment and avoiding (moving) obstacles and adaptively re‐planning its path as it flies to
its objective. The core elements that will integrate together, each of which constitutes a
thesis specialisation, are the following (these are the proposed topics);
1. Visual feature detection, characterisation and database management
This will build on current algorithms to generalise the detection of visual features in
the virtual environment, characterise them for efficient storage in a database and
conceive ways of associating detected 3D features with the stored characterisation
for precise navigation in a SLAM/FAN fusion filter. The future focus will be to extend
current capabilities towards identification of more general environmental shapes for