Aerodynamics and Aircraft Propulsion

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Aerodynamics

&Aircraft Propulsion

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Aerodynamics

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Aerodynamics

1. Aircraft Stability and control

(Achieved by using control surfaces)

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Control surfaces

1. Maneuvering of an aircraft

It is the rolling, pitching, yawing moment of the aircraft

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How does it takes place ?

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a) Axis of an aircraft

Longitudinal axis

Lateral axis

Vertical axis

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b) Types of control surfaces

Primary control surfaces

Aileron

Elevator

Rudder

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Secondary control surfaces

FlapSlat

Tabs

Vortex generators

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C) Unrequired effects of control surfaces

Side slipping

(Un-required movement developed by aileron )

Skidding(Un-required movement developed by rudder )

Adverse yaw(Un-required movement developed by aileron )

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Aircraft Propulsion

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1) Forces acting on an aircrafts

Lift :Upward and perpendicular to RAF

Thrust :Force which gives forward motion to aircraft Drag :It opposes to forward motion to aircraft

Weight :It act in downward direction due to gravity

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1) Thrust

It is the force (propulsive force) required for forward motion of theaircraft as per NEWTONS second law of motionand can be obtain byusing engine

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2) Engine

It works under the principle of Newton's third law .

1. Air breathing :

It uses surrounding environmental air

E.g. IC Engine or GTE

2. Non air breathing :Air is in stored form

E.g. Engine used for rocket propulsion

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1.Air Breathing Engines

It is categorized in to two parts as per their method ofoperations

a. Piston engine It works on constant volume cycle i.e. Otto cycle

b. Gas turbine Engine It works on constant pressure cycle i.e. Brayton cycle

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b. Gas Turbine Engine

It is categorized in to two parts as per their operations

i. Thrust producing:

E.g. Turbojet, Turbofan ii. Torque producing

E.g. Turbo shaft

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Parts of gas turbine engine

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Turbofan Engine

.

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Turbofan Engine

.

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CFM-56/GE90

1

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Separate Exhaust

.

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Mixed Exhaust

Advantage & disadvantages of turbofan over turbojet

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Suggestion For Improvement

Employ active cooling

Design better material and alloys which retain their

strength at high temperature

Design engines which switch from scramjet to ramjet

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Future Vision

Decreased gross lift-off weight

Smaller facilities & easier handling

Leading to higher safety

Flight can be aborted, while the vehicle glides back to earth

Mission can be more flexible

Wider range of emergency landing sites for intact abort

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References

http://virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/aeronautics/5.htm

http://www.zenith.aero/profiles/blogs/installing-micro-vortex

http://www.rc-airplane-world.com/rc-airplane-controls.html

http://www.cap-ny153.org/aircraftcontrols.htm

http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Propulsion/intermediate/components-01.html

http://www.clemson.edu/ces/camsil/Edu_NASA.htm

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ByNarendra Luis PalandeUniversity of [email protected]