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Aerodrome Pavement Aerodrome Pavement Aerodrome Pavement Aerodrome Pavement
Surface inspectionsSurface inspectionsSurface inspectionsSurface inspections
T-1-PVD
ICAO/FAA Regional Workshop for
Aerodrome Certification Safety Inspectors
November 6-8, 2012
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PAVED SURFACES AND SAFETY AREAS
� Paved surface
OBJECTIVES
To review the criteria for evaluating developing conditions and for inspecting
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PASERPavement Surface Evaluation & Rating
System
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� AC 150/5320-17 Appendix 2
It is a pavement rating system that is meant to be a source of information for rating pavement under the airport safety data program. The manuals will assist airport managers in understanding the surface condition of airfield pavements.
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PASERPAVEMENT EVALUATION
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� AC 150/5320-17 Appendix 2
� Rate the condition that representsthe majority of the pavement
� Assess drainage conditions
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PASERPAVEMENT EVALUATION
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�Inspectors can use PASER criteria to continuously evaluate pavement conditions
�Objective of PASER is to rate the condition that represents the majority of the pavement
�Small or isolated conditions should not influence the rating.
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PASERPAVEMENT EVALUATION
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� Rating criteria and inventory sheet contained in the PASER manual
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NEW PAVEMENT CRITERIA
� Adequate crown� Skid resistant� Structurally sound� Grade variation less than
1/4 inch in 16 feet� No foreign objects and
debris (FOD)� Pavement lips less than
1 1/2 inches7
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CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
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DEFECTS EXAMPLES
Surface defects PolishingMap crackingPop-outsScalingSpalling
Joints Cracks parallel to jointsJoint deterioration
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CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
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DEFECTS EXAMPLES
Cracks Slab cracksD-cracksCorner cracksMeander cracksManhole and inlet cracks
Distortion Settlement or heaveBlowupsFaultingUtility repairs, patches and potholes
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SCALING
CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
SURFACE DEFECTS
SPALLING
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SLAB CRACKS
CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
CRACKS
D - CRACKS
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SLAB CRACKS
CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
CRACKS
D - CRACKS
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SETTLEMENT/HEAVE
CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
DISTORTION
BLOWUP
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CORNER CRACKS
CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS
CRACKS
MEANDER CRACKS
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ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
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DEFECTS EXAMPLES
Surface defects RavelingPolishingFlushing
Surface deformation Rutting Distortion
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ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
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DEFECTS EXAMPLES
Cracks Thermal cracksReflection cracksSlippage cracksJoint/edge cracksBlock cracksAlligator cracks
Patches and potholes
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RAVELING
ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
SURFACE DEFECTS
POLISHING
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FLUSHING
ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
SURFACE DEFECTS
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RUTTING
ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
SURFACE DEFORMATION
DISTORTION
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THERMAL CRACKS
ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
CRACKS
REFLECTION CRACKS
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SLIPPAGE CRACKS
ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
CRACKS
JOINT/EDGE CRACKS
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BLOCK CRACKS
ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS
CRACKS
ALLIGATOR CRACKS
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� Loss of directional control
� Reduced braking and/or hydroplaning
EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT FAILURE
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� Damage from foreign objectsand debris (FOD)
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� Structural damage
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Certificate holder must maintain andpromptly repair each runway, taxiway,loading ramp and parking areaavailable for air carrier use
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Pavement edges must not exceed 3” between
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SECTION 139.305(a)(1)
� Abutting pavement sections
� Pavement and abutting areas
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Holes over 5”across may not
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� Exceed 3” depth
� Slope 45° or more
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EXAMPLE
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PAVEMENT NOT DESIGNED FOR THE WEIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Pavement must be free of cracks and surface variations that could impair air carrier aircraft directional control
� Any crack or surface deterioration thatproduces loose aggregate or other contaminants should be repaired immediately
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Remove promptly and as completely as possible all
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� Mud
� Dirt
� Sand
� Debris
� Loose aggregate
� Foreign objects
� Rubber deposits
� Other contaminants
� Does not apply to snow, ice, deicing materials
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FOD
RUBBER BUILDUP
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Contaminants and FOD can cause
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�Aircraft fuselage and control surface damage from foreign objects
� Lost of aircraft braking action due to surface slipperiness (poor skid resistance) (rubber build up)
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Remove as soon as possible chemical solvents used to clean any movement area
� Does not apply to snow, ice, deicing materials
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Chemical solvents that remain on the runway can cause
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�Reduced braking action due to poor skid resistance
� Potential aircraft corrosion
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Pavement shall be sufficientlydrained and free of depressions to prevent ponding that
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� Obscures marking
� Impairs safe aircraft operations
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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA
� Ponding can result
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�Reduced braking action
�Aircraft gear damage
� Hydroplanning
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INSPECTIONINSPECTIONINSPECTIONINSPECTION
CRITERIACRITERIACRITERIACRITERIA
and TIPSand TIPSand TIPSand TIPS
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RUNWAYS and Taxiways
� The inspector must refer to all design and minimum standards when inspecting paved surfaces.
�An inspection is not just for failed conditions, it is also for potential hazards or conditions that could become potentially hazardous.
� The inspector must refer to all design and minimum standards when inspecting paved surfaces.
�An inspection is not just for failed conditions, it is also for potential hazards or conditions that could become potentially hazardous.
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RUNWAYS and TAXIWAYS
Drive runway CL andboth edges 48 KM or less
LOOKFOR:
� Surface condition and defects: PASER criteria
� FOD: Mud, dirt, foreign objects� Rubber buildup� Depressions� ACM requirements � Pavement design standards� Standing water
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T-87-PVD
Runways and Taxiways
Drive both sides oftaxiway CL
58 KM or less
LOOKFOR:
� Pavement lips� Shoulder and blast pad
� Edge damming
� Erosion
� Pavement lips� Shoulder and blast pad
� Edge damming
� Erosion
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T-87-PVD
TAXIWAYS AND APRONS
Drive both sides oftaxiway CL
48 KM or less
LOOKFOR:
� Surface conditions (PASER criteria)
� FOD: Mud, dirt and foreign objects
� Pavement lips
� Edge damming
� Part 139 criteria
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T-87-PVD
Inspecting Paved Surfaces
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Questions?