AERA 2015 social presence and video

Did video kill the

asynchronous post?Exploring students’ perceptions of asynchronous online video and social presence

slides @ www.patricklowenthal.com

Patrick Lowenthal

educator

researcher

designer

developer

patricklowenthal.com

Twitter @plowenthal

Overview

Background Method Results Discussion

BACKGROUND

Social Presence

Social presence is the degree of

salience (i.e., quality or state of being

there) between two communicators

using a communication medium.

METHOD

Regular Video Use

Video Announcements

Instructional Videos (screencasts)

Video Feedback

1

2

3

Survey

General Questions

Questions about Video Announcements

Questions about Instructional Videos

Questions about Video Feedback

Data Collection

Spring 2013

Summer 2013

Fall 2013

Spring 2014

Sample

Internet for Educators

Graphic Design for Learning

Online Course Design

101students

RESULTS

General Background

Females 57%

Males 43%

Experienced Online Learners (Average 10 courses)

Perceived learning (4.58)

Satisfied (4.52)

Importance of Presence

[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]

Important to

perceive

instructor as

“real” & “there”

Strongly Agree 4.36

Importance to

perceive

classmates as

“real” & “there”

Agree 3.82

Communication Media

Video: 4.23

Audio: 3.55

Text: 3.45

[1 Poor --- Excellent 5]

Rate video, audio, & text in

their ability to establish a

communicator as a “real”

person and being “there”

(i.e., social presence)

Lonely

Sometimes feel alone or isolated when taking online courses

[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]

Neither Agree or Disagree 2.97

Preference

I like it when instructors use videos in online courses.

Agree 4.37

VIDEO ANNOUNCEMENTS

Video Announcements

I read every announcement instructor posts

I watched all

announcements

Agree 4.16 Agree 4.08

Video Announcements

When / given a video

announcement and a text

transcription, which are

you more likely to do:

Only read; don’t watch

Read and watch video

Watch but don’t read

31%

46%

23%

Video Announcements

What reasons influence you to watch a video announcement?

“If I have time”

“If there is instruction I watch. If it is simply an announcement

I will not watch”

“Internet connection speed”

“I always watch the video announcements because they are

critical to success in the class”

“Much can be determined from the post's title or subject”

INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS

Instructional Videos

Like it when my

instructor uses

instructional

videos

Instructional

videos are a good

way to learn

Strongly Agree 4.51 Strongly Agree 4.46

Instructional Videos

I watched most of the

instructional videos

created by my instructor

this semester?

Strongly / Agree 4.51

Instructional Videos

Prefer

instructors use

videos they

created

Instructional

videos created

by others add

value

Agree 3.57 Agree 3.97

VIDEO FEEDBACK

Preference

I like video feedback

Agree 3.99

Instructional Videos

I watched the

video feedback

Watch video

feedback more

than once?

Agree 4.39Yes 67%

Public Feedback

Helpful to view

feedback others

receive

Agree 3.12

I think I would

watch video

feedback

instructors gave

othersAgree 2.97

OTHER RESULTS

Sync. vs. Async.

Prefer

Asynchronous

Video87%

Most Valued

Video Feedback

Video Announcements

Instructional Videos9%

19%

72%

Situational Factors

Media Compared

One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.18 Group two-way synchronous video 3.88

Personal asynchronous video 4.13 General asynchronous video 3.77

One-on-one synchronous audio 3.62 Group synchronous audio 3.15

One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.24 Group asynchronous audio 3.06

One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.11

One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.46 Group asynchronous text-based 3.12

Video & Social Presence

Videos can establish instructor presence 4.34

Video announcements can establish instructor

presence 4.22

Video feedback can establish instructor presence

4.17

Instructional videos can establish instructor

presence 4.22

I know my instructor better as a result of his use of

video 4.05

Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45

Agree

Video, audio, and text are all tools for

distance communications. Other factors

also contribute to the feeling of a real

person. Most critical for me is timeliness of

the communications. I'd rather have a more

immediate text reply that suffer digital

silence - even if the communication after the

delay is in a high quality video format.

When videos are kept short and focused they

can be a very effective tool for learning. Not

all information needs to be presented in a

video.

The courses where there was some element

of video communication, helped me to feel

more connected to the instructor (or in the

case of 502 not my instructor, but the video

instructor). This semester, I do not feel

connected to my instructors who have not

used any form of video communication.

DISCUSSION

Final Thoughts

One size doesn’t fit all

Video announcements ROI

Subject Matter Difference?

Accessibility

CONTACT ME

Patrick [email protected]