Aed 1313 ibe-wk 1

AED 1313 Semester 1 2013/2014

INTRODUCTION TO BUILT ENVIRONMENTCompiled by

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (AED)CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION STUDIES (CFS)

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

CONTENTS WEEK 1

Definitions of terms Natural Environment Built Environment Environmental Design

Environmental design components What and who are involved in

shaping the built environment Factors affecting the shape and

design of the built environment

Overview of the construction industry and the professions Definition Types of professions

DEFINITION OF TERMS

NATURAL ENVIRONMENTNATURAL ENVIRONMENT

Consists of natural biological natural biological communitiescommunities i.e. naturally occurring species of flora and fauna, that are able to maintain able to maintain themselves and their abioticthemselves and their abiotic (non-living components)

environment.

DEFINITION OF TERMS – cont.

BUILT ENVIRONMENTBUILT ENVIRONMENT

Built environmentBuilt environment refers to the manmade manmade

surroundings that provide the setting for surroundings that provide the setting for human human

activity and livingactivity and living i.e. personal spaces from skyscrapers to private houses.

These are arranged, designed and maintained

to fulfill: human purpose/ needs, wants and to fulfill: human purpose/ needs, wants and

valuesvalues.

The design and arrangement also consideringSurrounding context, topography, vegetationAnd habitat.

DEFINITION OF TERMS –cont.

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

The science of understanding and The science of understanding and

shaping the environment through shaping the environment through

renewed awareness of ecology.renewed awareness of ecology.

The study of the interactions of interactions of organisms organisms

and their environmentand their environment.

The applied disciplines (e.g. the design and planning fields) are included in the general field of “Environmental

Design”.

NATURAL AND MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT

Natural Biological Natural Biological CommunitiesCommunities

• Self-regulating mechanisms

• Complex environment

• Less synthetic

• Heterogeneity -biotic/abiotic

Man-made Man-made CommunitiesCommunities

• Man-made mechanisms

(heating, cooling, ventilation)

• Simple environment

• More synthetic

• Homogenized -

biotic/abiotic

Any form of design that design that minimizes environmentally minimizes environmentally disruptive impactsdisruptive impacts by integrating itself with living processes.

This integration implies that the design respectsdesign respects:

species diversity,species diversity, minimizes resource minimizes resource

depletion,depletion, preserves nutrient and preserves nutrient and

water cycles,water cycles, maintains habitat maintains habitat

quality, and quality, and attends to all the other attends to all the other

preconditions of human preconditions of human and well-being of and well-being of ecosystemecosystem

ECOLOGICAL DESIGN

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

It consists of 7 major components:

1. PRODUCTS 2. INTERIORS3. STRUCTURES4. LANDSCAPES5. CITIES6. REGIONS7. EARTH

Interrelations between components are very important to the formulation of the

BuiltEnvironment.

Integration of the disciplines within thecomponents are crucial, i.e. collaborationof various professions

KLIA

Kuala Lumpur

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

Any man made objects purpose to serve functions and human needs for living. Factor such as accessibility, comfort, aesthetic, cultural and style influenced the varieties of production.

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

INTERIORSINTERIORS

A space defined by an space defined by an arranged grouping of arranged grouping of products and within the products and within the enclosure of a structureenclosure of a structure; generally created to enhance enhance activities, serve functions activities, serve functions and mediate external and mediate external factorsfactors (living room, work rooms, private rooms, stadiums, etc.)

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

A planned grouping of spaces spaces defined by and construction of defined by and construction of productsproducts forms.

Generally combining related activities into composite structures (building, highways, bridges, tunnels, etc.)

Structures have both, internal internal spaces and external formspaces and external form characteristics.

STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

LANDSCAPESLANDSCAPES

Exterior spaces and or setting Exterior spaces and or setting for planned grouping of for planned grouping of structures and spaces blend structures and spaces blend with surrounding natural with surrounding natural conditions.conditions. (courtyard, malls, parks, landscapes, sites for home and other structures, farm, countryside, national forest)

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

CITIESCITIES

Grouping of structures or landscape Grouping of structures or landscape of varying sizes and complexities in of varying sizes and complexities in a certain boundaries of district, a certain boundaries of district, state or regionstate or region.

Generally clustered together to clustered together to define a community for economic, define a community for economic, social , cultural and environmental social , cultural and environmental reasonsreasons

(Subdivisions, neighborhood, villages or town and cities of varying sizes)

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

REGIONSREGIONS

Grouping of cities and landscapes Grouping of cities and landscapes of various sizes and complexitiesof various sizes and complexities.

Generally stand by its own boundary defined by common political, defined by common political, social, economic and social, economic and environmental characteristicenvironmental characteristic

(the surrounding region of a city, a state , a country continent).

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN COMPONENTS

EARTHEARTH

All of the above & others directly and indirectly related in shaping the environment.

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

DEFINITIONS

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

Process of building or assembling infrastructure which relate to various fields such as Architecture and civil engineering.

INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

Includes a wide range of integrated range of integrated professions who construct, alter, professions who construct, alter, refurbish (renew) and repair a wide refurbish (renew) and repair a wide range of buildingrange of building and civil engineering structures.

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY – CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY – cont.cont.

Construction is divided into 2 major areas ,namely building & civil building & civil engineering :engineering :

BuildingBuilding- shelter,

Civil engineeringCivil engineering – essentialservices to make buildingsoperative e.g. railways, roads,reservoirs, waste water systems,power stations, harbors, dams.

COMPONENT IN COMPONENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Construction is divided into 3 major components:

1.Design and development.-Planning, design, and development of construction.-Planning, Architecture, Interior Architecture, Landscape Architecture.2. Specialist design/Enrichment of design factor.-Aesthetic, value, innovation.-Industrial design, conservation.3. Construction management.-Manage cost, time and quality from start till end of construction.-Quantity Surveyor, contractor, supplier.

PROFESSIONS -PlanningPROFESSIONS -Planning

REGIONSREGIONS

REGIONAL PLANNERSREGIONAL PLANNERSPlanners (urban & regional) are concerned with issues that affectthe world - the preservation and preservation and

enhancement of the quality of life enhancement of the quality of life

in a community, the protection of in a community, the protection of

the environment, the promotion the environment, the promotion of of

equitable economic opportunity, equitable economic opportunity,

and the management of growthand the management of growth and change of all kinds.

PROFESSIONS – PlanningPROFESSIONS – Planning

CITIESCITIES

URBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERSURBAN DESIGNERS AND PLANNERS Professional who works in the field of

urban planning for the purpose of urban planning for the purpose of maximizing the effectiveness of a maximizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and community's land use and infrastructureinfrastructure.

They formulate plans for the plans for the development and management of development and management of urban and suburban areasurban and suburban areas, typically analyzing land use compatibility as well as economic, environmental and social trends.

PROFESSIONS – Design PROFESSIONS – Design developmentdevelopment

STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES

ARCHITECTSARCHITECTS An architect is trained and licensed in trained and licensed in planning and designing buildingsplanning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building.

ENGINEERSENGINEERS Profession of applying technical, applying technical, scientific and mathematical scientific and mathematical knowledge in order to use natural knowledge in order to use natural laws and physical resources to help laws and physical resources to help designdesign and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes.

(Civil & Structural, Mechanical, Electrical)

INTERIORSINTERIORS

INTERIOR ARCHITECTSINTERIOR ARCHITECTSA profession concerned with anything that is built inside a anything that is built inside a spacespace - walls, windows, doors, finishes, textures, light, furnishings and furniture.

All of these elements are used by interior designers to develop a functional, safe, and functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing spaceaesthetically pleasing space for a building's user.

PROFESSIONS – Design PROFESSIONS – Design DevelopmentDevelopment

PROFESSIONS – Design PROFESSIONS – Design DevelopmentDevelopment

LANDSCAPELANDSCAPE

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT AND PLANNERSPLANNERS A profession involving in the planning, design of an exterior planning, design of an exterior landscape or space. landscape or space.

PROFESSIONS- Specialist PROFESSIONS- Specialist DesignDesign

PRODUCTPRODUCT

PRODUCT DESIGNERSPRODUCT DESIGNERSThe role of a product designerencompasses many characteristics ofthe marketing manager, productmanager, industrial designer anddesign engineer. INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERSINDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS The role of an Industrial Designer is to

create and execute design solutionscreate and execute design solutionstowards problems of form, usability, userergonomics, engineering, marketing,brand development and sales.

PROFESSIONS – Specialist PROFESSIONS – Specialist DesignDesign

CONSERVATIONCONSERVATIONCONSERVATORCONSERVATOR A profession which responsible to conserve and preserve existing entity (building/artifacts/natural heritage) which have its own historical, cultural and heritage identity to the nation.

PROFESSIONS – PROFESSIONS – ManagementManagement

QUANTITY SURVEYORS (QS)QUANTITY SURVEYORS (QS)Professional person working within the construction industry. The role of the QS, in general terms, is to manage and control contracts manage and control contracts and costs within construction and costs within construction projectsprojects.

CONTRACTORSCONTRACTORSAn independent contractor is a natural person, business, or natural person, business, or corporation which provides corporation which provides goods or services to another goods or services to another entityentity under terms specified in a contract or within a verbal agreement.

PROFESSIONS – ManagementPROFESSIONS – Management

PROJECT MANAGERSPROJECT MANAGERSA project manager is a professional in the field of project managementproject management.

Project managers can have the responsibility of the planning, planning, execution, and closing of any execution, and closing of any

projectproject, typically relating to construction industry.

STAKEHOLDERSSTAKEHOLDERS

AUTHORITIES.AUTHORITIES.

• Local Bodies which own or giving any approval for constructed project for the interest of nation in term of safety, health and accessibility.

• Contribute fund as the owner of the project.

• Government or state authorities.• Department relate to government

sector or ministry.

EARTH DAYCelebrated on April 22, Earth Day reminds people to care for and protect the world in which we live.

The history of Earth Day started in the early 1960s, by U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson who became concerned about the environment. The 1st Earth day was celebrated on 22nd April 1970 in United States and from then, Earth Day has became an international observance. People all over the world have recognized that the planet needs their help, and they are working to make Earth a safer, cleaner place.

NATURAL DISASTER- Tsunami

Natural disaster – Tsunami, el-Nino, La Nina.

Influenced by countless variables, including variations in earth’s orbit, the strength of ocean currents, and possible human influences on the environment.

National Geographic, vol 195, no 3 March 1999.

Flash FloodDue to uncertain condition of rain, uncontrolled development, (planning setback, green area and poor drainage system.

Land erosionUncontrolled development especially at hillside, trees and improper land cutting have disturbed the stability of soil and cause land erosion which create disaster and impact to surrounding impact.

Bukit Antarabangsa, Ampang. Dec 6, 2008

Structural stabilityHighland Tower Tragedy 11 Dec,1993.

Uncontrolled development, improper method of construction and ignorance of natural composition of land condition created internal land erosion and slowly effected the structural stability of building’s foundation.