Adzly anuar © 2001-2005 MEMB113 05 Introduction to AutoCAD.

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MEMB113

05 Introduction to AutoCAD

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D Contents

• Overview & background

• Starting, interface & file system

• Basic drawing commands

• Basic editing commands

• View command

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D Introduction

What is CAD? Computer Aided Design and Draughting

(sometimes known as CADD) Generally, it is the use of computers in

design and drawing processes Traditionally, technical drawing are made using

manual drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and time consuming particularly for large complex drawing.

CAD is being used widely in modern practice. The ability of computer that enable engineers to produce, revise, store and transmit original drawings has made it very important.

• Example of CAD software:– AutoCAD, PRO/Engineer, IDEAS,

UNIGRAPHICS, CATIA,SolidWorks, etc.

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D History of CAD

• Charles Barbage (1883) - developed idea for computer.

IC Chip Revolution => Micro-Computers and CAD.

1st CAD demon by Ivan Sutherland (1963) - SKETCHPAD.

A year later IBM produced the first commercial CAD system.

Many changes has taken place since then, with the advancement of powerful computers.

With these developments, it is now possible to do all the designs using CAD including two-dimensional drawings, solid modeling, complex engineering analysis, production and manufacturing.

New technologies are constantly invented which make this process quicker, more versatile and more powerful.

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D Advantages of CAD

Easier Creation and Corrections - Working/detail drawings may be created more quickly and makings changes is more efficient than correcting drawings made by hand.

Better Visualisation of drawings - Many systems allow different views of the same object and 3D pictorial view.

Database of Drawing Aids - Designs and symbols can be stored for easy recall and reuse.

Increased Accuracy - Using the computer, the drawing can be produced with more accuracy.

Improved Filing - Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved and transmitted on disks and tape.

Quick Design Analysis Simulation and Testing

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D Computer System & Component

A computer system consists of hardware and software.

Hardware is various pieces of physical equipment that comprise a computer system.

Software is the programs and instructions that permit the computer to operate. Software can be divided into two; application programs and operating system.

The hardware for a CAD system consists of the physical devices used to support CAD software. The hardware system consist of: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Computer Operating System Display Devices Input Devices Output Devices

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D AutoCAD

• Why use AutoCAD? Wide of Use - 20,000 Installation World-

wide 5 million user world wide 2 million student user world wide Excellent Intro. To CAD - Cost

Effectiveness - Sufficiently Complex Linked to Other Softwares - e.g. ANSYS,

3D-Studio Max, etc. Customized Application using high level

programming language Auto-LISP

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D AutoCAD

How AutoCAD is used? Electronic Paper with Drawings and Editing

Tools - Analogous to Manual Drafting Valuable and More Efficient in Modifying

Drawings. Object can be moved, copied, rotated, erased, redrawn, etc. Editing in AutoCAD is faster than in manual drawing.

Drawing Layers to Enhance Drawing and Visibility. AutoCAD provides a set of drawing layer which is equivalent to the engineering layers on working drawings.

Storage/database of Commonly used Object. Complex objects that are frequently used can be stored as symbol in the library. This would increase the productivity in the drafting work.

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Starting, Interface & File system

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D Starting with AutoCAD 2002

• How to start– Click icon [AutoCAD 2002], or select from START menu

[Start]>Program>MDT 6>AutoCAD2002

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D Starting screens

• When AutoCAD is started, two windows will be opened– AutoCAD 2002 and AutoCAD Today

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D Starting screens

• AutoCAD Today window – used to open or create new drawings

Create new drawing tabOpen drawing tab Option to Start from Scratch orfrom Template or Wizards

Unit

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D AutoCAD main window

Pull down menu

Icons/Toolbar

Drawing area

Cursor

Command prompt area

Model & layout tab

Coordinate status

UCS (User coordinate system)

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D Creating new drawing

• To create new drawing:– Template, Starting from scratch or Wizards

• Usually start from scratch– In AutoCAD today window: Click on Create Drawings

Tab– In ‘Select how to begin:’ box, select Start from Scratch – Click on Metric

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D Initialising (New Drawing)

• Setting up drawing limit

– To define the drawing area and limit the grid display

– [menu] > Format > Drawing Limits…

– In command box:

• Setting up drawing unit

– [menu] > Format > Units…

– Drawing Unit Window

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D Initialising (New Drawing)

• Setting up grid and snap– Very useful tool, as a guide in drawing

• To activate:– Click on button GRID or SNAP

• To modify the settings– Right click on button GRID– Select Settings…

Showing Grid

Without Grid

Changing Grid and Snap setting

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D Opening and saving

• To open existing file

– [menu] >File>Open or press CTRL+O– Or click Open Icon

• To save drawing– [menu] >File >Save or press CTRL+S

– Or click Save Icon

Open Drawing Window Save Drawing Window

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D Printing

• Can be done from model view or from layout view (paper space)• From model view (Make sure in Model Tab)

– [Menu] > File > Plot or CTRL +P or click Plot Icon

Drawing Orientation

Scale of printout/plot

Paper size

Plot area

Preview

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Basic editing & drawing commands

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D Using this guide

• Choosing an item from pull down menu– [pd menu] – Example:

• To draw straight line, • [pd menu] >Design > Line

• Icon & button– [icon item] or [button item]– Example:

• To draw straight line click on [icon line]• Type in command prompt

– command: command type here {enter}– Example:

• To draw a straight line type in• Command: line {enter}• You just have to type in the word line and press

the key Enter (on the keyboard)• The command is not case sensitive

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D Basic stuff• Definitions :

– Click• Press once and release• Also commonly used to refer to left-click

– Left-click• Press left-mouse button (LMB) once and release• Commonly used to pick or choose an item

– Right-click• Press right-mouse button (RMB) once and release• Commonly used to access pop-up menu

– Double-click• Commonly referred to clicking left mouse button twice

– Click-and-drag• Commonly referred to pressing left mouse button (and not releasing

it) and move the mouse as required• The left mouse button is released to finish the command

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D Example

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D Basic stuff

• How to draw: – using mouse, point and click in drawing area– Type in coordinates in command prompt window

• When using the mouse– Recommended to use snap and grid as guide– Set snap and grid spacing accordingly

Mouse Pointer

Line drawn

Grid

Command ‘line’

Points typed

Type the points here

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D Drawing straight line

• 3 methods to execute the command– By choosing [pd menu] > Draw > Line– By clicking [icon Line]– By typing in at command prompt command: line {enter} or command: L {enter}

• To draw a straight line– Using mouse– Using (typing) coordinate points

Line icon

Line command

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D Drawing straight line

• Using a mouse– Move the pointer to the desired location as start

point– Click – Move the pointer to the second point, Click– To end the line press Enter– To continue, move the pointer to 3rd point, Click– Continue as required– Use snap and grid as guides

Start point

2nd point 3rd point

4th point

End point

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D Drawing straight line …cont

• Using coordinate points, 3 methods:– Absolute coordinate– Relative coordinate– Polar

Origin (0,0)

2nd point (1,4)

1st point (1,1)

3rd point (4,4)

4th point (2,2)

5th point (4,1)

Absolute coordinate

Relative coordinate

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D Drawing straight line …cont

Polar relative coordinate

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D Drawing circle

– Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value – similar to drawing straight line

• To execute circle command– [pd menu] > Draw > Circle >– [icon circle]– At command prompt command: circle {enter} or command: c {enter}

Pull-down menu

Command prompt

Shortcut Icon

Circle command

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D 3.2 Drawing circle …cont

• Methods to draw circles– Center and radius– Center and diameter– Two points circle– Three points circle– Tan, tan, radius– Tan, tan, tan

Center and radius

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

1. Center point (2,4)

2. Radius, 1.5

Note: mouse can be used to place the center point and the radius of the circle

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D Drawing circle …cont

Center and diameter

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

1. Center point (2,4)

2. Diameter, 3

Two points

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

1. 1st point (0.5,4)

2. 2nd point (3.5,4)

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D Drawing circle …cont

3 points

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

1. 1st point (2,5.5)

Tan tan radius

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

2. 2nd point (2,2.5)

3. 3rd point (3.5,4)

1. 1st object (line)

2. 2nd object (line)

3. Radius (1.5)

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D Drawing circle …cont

1. Select 1st line using mouseTan tan tan

[pd menu] 2. Select 2nd line using mouse

3. Select 3rd line using mouseCommand prompt:

Note: these 3 lines must exist on the drawing area before the circle can be drawn

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D Drawing arc

– Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value – similar to drawing circle

• To execute arc command– [pd menu] > Draw > Arc >– [icon arc]– At command prompt command: arc {enter} or command: a {enter}

Pull-down menu

Command prompt

Shortcut Icon

Arc shortcut icon

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D Drawing arc …cont

• Methods – many ways, most used

– 3 points

– Start, center, end

– Start, center, angle

– Start, end, radius

3 points

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

1. 1st point (2,2)

2. 2nd point (1,3.5)

3. 3rd point (2,5)

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D Drawing arc …cont

Start, center, end

[pd menu]

Command prompt: 1. Start point (2,2)

2. Center point (2,3.5)

3. End point (2,5)

Start, center, angle

[pd menu]

Command prompt:1. Start point (2,2)

2. Center point (2,3.5)

3. Angle (90degree)

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D Drawing arc …cont

Start, end, radius

[pd menu]

Command prompt:

1. Start point (2,2)

2. End point (3.5,3.5)

3. Radius (1.5)

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D Erasing/deleting & copy entity

• Erasing or deleting entity– using mouse

• (2) click the entity to be erased - the entity will become dotted with several blue square

• (3) press Delete key– to delete multiple entities, click all that need to be

deleted and press Delete key– can also use the command prompt to delete

• command: erase {enter}

(1) (2) (3)

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D ...copy entity• To copy entity

– can execute command from [pd menu] > Modify > Copy– type in command prompt command: copy {enter}

• select on entity/entities to be copied• press Enter key after selecting entity/entities• select base point• select position of the entity to be placed

– selecting can be done by mouse or typing the coordinate of the entity (touching)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Command prompt:

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D Moving entity

• Moving entity/entities– using [pd menu] > Modify > Move– similar to copy entity

– using mouse• select entity - it will become dotted with blue squares• click on the blue square in the middle• move your mouse to the desired location• click to place the entity on the new location

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Command prompt:

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D Scale / Resize

• To scale or resize entity – increase or reduce– [pd menu] > Modify > Scale– Or command: scale {enter}– (2) Select entities to be scaled, press Enter– (3) Select (click) base point, mouse can be used to

scale the entities or type in scale factor at command prompt

Command prompt:

(1)

(2)(3)

(4)

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D Line types and line thickness

• The line type need to be loaded before it can be used– [pd menu] > Format > Linetype…

– Linetype Manager dialog box will be opened

– initially we only have one line type which is continuous

– click on [button Load]

– another dialog box is opened Load or Reload Linetypes

Line Types

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D Line types...

– Choose the types of lines to be loaded by clicking it from the list

– click [button OK]

– the selected line will be displayed in Linetype Manager

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D Line types...

Line thickness

Before loading line typesAfter loading line types (DASHED)

Line types and line thickness drop down list box

– Select the required line type and line thickness

– Draw the line, arc, etc

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D Magnification (Zoom)

Zoom window

Zoom dynamic

Zoom scale

Zoom center

• Change the size of view, not size of object

• Useful to draw small feature, to view overall size, etc.

• Several options.. Commonly used– Zoom window– Zoom all

• Can be accessed from– [pd menu] > View > Zoom– [icon zoom]– Command: zoom {enter}

Zoom in

Zoom out

Zoom all

Zoom extents

Zoom realtime

- [pd menu] > View > Zoom > Realtime- Or click [icon Zoom Realtime]

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D Magnification (Zoom)…cont

– [pd menu] > View > Zoom >Window– [icon Zoom Window]– Command: z {enter}

• Use mouse to specify the window (click on one corner, drag a rectangular window around the area to be zoom, click on the opposite corner)

Zoom window

Before 1st click and dragthe window

After

2nd click

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D Magnification (Zoom)…cont

– [pd menu] > View > Zoom > All – [icon Zoom All]– Command: z {enter}

• Command: a {enter}

Zoom all

Before After

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D Magnification (Zoom)…cont

- [pd menu] > View > Zoom > Realtime- Or click [icon Zoom Realtime] - Cursor icon will change to magnifying glass- Press LMB, move mouse up to zoom in,- Press LMB, move mouse down to zoom out- Release LMB for the new view

Zoom realtime

Zoom realtime

Zoom window

Zoom previous

Pan realtime

Pan realtime

- Click [icon Pan Realtime]- Cursor icon change to ‘hand’- Press LMB, move mouse to move view of

screen- Release mouse for the new view

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D Pan … cont

• To move the view of the drawing around the screen - left, right, etc..

• To access command– [pd menu] > View > Pan >– [icon pan]– command: pan {enter} or – command: p {enter}

• several options:– most used - realtime– others - left, right, up, down

• effect of pan similar to moving the scroll bar (horizontal & vertical)

• REDRAW – refresh display, removing element such as markers left from editing commands

• REGEN – refresh display, recalculate all coordinates

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D Drawing text

• 2 types– Multiline text– Single line text

Single line text

• Several ways– Type in at command prompt

• Command: text {enter}– [pd menu] > Draw > Text > Single Line Text– After executing the command

– Click in drawing area or type in coordinates for start point of the text

– Type in the height of the text– Type in the rotation, if required– Type in the text– Pressing enter to go to the next line– To end the command, press enter twice

Text icon

From pull down menu

Shortcut icon

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D Drawing text …cont

• Several ways– Type in at command prompt

• Command: mtext {enter}– [pd menu] > Draw > Text > Multiline Text– [Icon Multiline Text]

• To produce multiline text– Activate the command– Click on drawing area to specify the first corner, and click again to define the area where the text is to be drawn– Multiline Text Editor window is displayed– Type in the text in writing area, change its properties if required– Click OK button to finish

Multiline text

1st corner

Opposite corner

Writing area Size Bold Italic UnderlineFont Colour Insert symbol

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D Drawing text …cont

Properties tab

Line spacing tab

Change line spacing

Justify Width (box) Rotation

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D Drawing aid: Object snap

• Object snap or OSNAP– Are functions to aid the drawing process, a very useful tool– To snap on a geometric point on an object– Can be turned off or on by clicking OSNAP button on status bar

or press CTRL+F or F3 key– When turned on, the cursor will jump or snap to the certain

point on an object e.g. mid-point of a line or tangent of a circle– Includes visual aid – AutoSnap– Several OSNAP modes available, can activate any number at a

time

Endpoint

Midpoint

Intersection

Apparent IntersectionExtension

Center

QuadrantTangent

Perpendicular

ParallelInsert

Node

Nearest

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D Object snap …cont

• OSNAP setting– Right-click OSNAP

button– ‘Drafting Setting’ dialog

box turns up– Can be used to turn on

or off object snap modes– Symbols indicated by

each mode are shown in drawing with yellow marker

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D Object snap …cont

• How to use:– You need to have an object on drawing area– Then you need to be in a drawing command, e.g. CIRCLE,

LINE, ARC, etc.– Hover the mouse over the existing object,

• Yellow marker shows up with tool tip• Indicating what type of geometric point snap can be done

Endpoint Midpoint Intersection Example of OTRACK

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D Object snap modes…cont

• Endpoint– Snap to endpoint of the nearest entity, e.g. end of a line

• Midpoint– Snap to the midpoint of an entity, e.g. midpoint of a straight line, or arc

• Center– Snap to the center of entity such as circle, arc or ellipse

• Node– Snap to the nearest point (entity)

• Quadrant– Snap to the quarter position on the circumference of an arc, circle or ellipse

• Intersection– Snap to the intersection of two entities

• Tangent– Snap to the tangent of entities such as circle, arc or ellipse

• Nearest– Snap to the nearest point on an entities

• Perpendicular– Snap to the point perpendicular to an entity such as straight line

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End of chapter [05]