Adverbs

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Business English at Work 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Business English at WorkAdverbsObjectives

Identify adverbs and the words they modify. Differentiate between the use of adjectives and adverbs.Recognize the importance of the placement of adverbs.Form the comparative and superlative degrees of regular and irregular adverbs. PP 13-1acontinued

Business English at WorkAdverbsObjectives

PP 13-1bcontinuedRecognize and correct double negatives and other incorrect uses of negative words. Use special adverbs correctly.

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverb PP 13-2An adverb answers these questions: How? In what manner? patiently, boldly, slowly, softly, enthusiastically When? recently, later, finally, daily, again, formerly Where? outside, here, down, forward, up, away To what extent? To what degree? extremely, very, too, rarely, completely, frequently

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbsModify Verbs PP 13-3Place the adverb before or after the verb that is modified.When businesses knowingly deceive customers, they are violating ethical standards.Do not illegally copy paper or electronic documents.

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbsModify Adjectives PP 13-4Place the adverb immediately before the adjective. The courtesy of greeting others within your own firm is universally acceptable in the United States.In some countries, greetings are very expressive and elaborate.Downsizing is becoming an increasingly popular way for businesses to lower expenses.

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbsModify Other Adverbs PP 13-5Place the adverb immediately before the adverb being modified. We very precisely judged the commute time to our new clients office.Ruby did extremely well on the ethics section of her real estate exam.

Business English at WorkAdverbsDescriptive Adjectives Before Nouns PP 13-6Add ly to an adjective root to form the majority of adverbs.cautiouscautiouslyextremeextremelyperfectperfectlyskillfulskillfully AdjectiveAdverb

Business English at WorkAdverbsNoun Base Used to Form Adjectives Ending in ly PP 13-7Use root words to identify words ending in ly as adjectives or adverbs. brotherbrotherlyneighborneighborlyearthearthlyworldworldlylovelovelyNounAdjective

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbs Formed From Adjectives Ending in y PP 13-8Change the y to i and add ly to an adjective ending in y to form an adverb. busybusilyeasyeasilyheavyheavilymerrymerrily AdjectiveAdverb

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbs Formed From Adjectives Ending in ible or able PP 13-9Drop the final e on adjectives that end in able or ible before adding the y to form the adverb.forcibleforciblyterribleterriblypossiblepossibly AdjectiveAdverb

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbs Formed From Adjectives Ending in ic PP 13-10Add ally to adjectives ending in ic to form the adverb.chronicchronicallylogiclogicallymagicmagicallyscenicscenicallyAdjectiveAdverb

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverbsModify Adjectives PP 13-11The following list includes some adverbs that do not end in ly.againmoresometimesalmostmuchsoonalwaysnearthendownnowtherefarnowheretoofastoftentwicehardonceup

Business English at WorkAdverbsDo Not Hyphenate Adverbs Ending in ly PP 13-12Examples a carelessly written memoa richly deserved awardan internationally recognized signa highly successful business

Business English at WorkAdverbsVerbsAction Versus Linking PP 13-13Use an adverb to modify action verbs. Tucker intentionally withheld confidential information.The employee thoughtlessly made an inappropriate comment to Julie. Use an adjective, not an adverb, after a linking verb to describe the subject.The manager felt bad about the dependence on temporary workers.Karen seems distraught over the missing computer disk.

Business English at WorkAdverbsVerbsBoth Linking and Action PP 13-14Clarify the intent of the sentence before making a decision about such verbs as look, taste, or feel.Use adverbs when these words are action words. He hurriedly looked for the contract on his desk. Use adjectives when these words function as linking verbs. Things looked bad for Jerome after he lost his job.

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdjectives and Adverbs With the Same Form PP 13-15Some adverbs and adjectives that have the same form include fast, first, last, early, and right.Use an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. Turn left at the first stop sign. Use an adverb to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Return Andrews phone call first.

Business English at WorkAdverbsOne-Syllable Adverbs PP 13-16Add er to the positive form for its comparative degree.Add est to the positive form for its superlative degree.PositiveComparativeSuperlativefastfasterfastestlatelaterlatestsoonsoonersoonest

Business English at WorkAdverbsTwo-Syllable Adverbs PP 13-17Add er or the word more or the word less before the positive form for the comparative degree.Add est or the word most or the word least for the superlative degree.PositiveComparativeSuperlativequicklymore quickly (quicker)most quickly (quickest)nearlymore nearlymost nearly

Business English at WorkAdverbsThree-Syllable Adverbs PP 13-18Add the word more or the word less before the positive form to form its comparative degree.Add the word most or the word least before the positive form to form its superlative degree.PositiveComparativeSuperlativeefficientlymore efficientlymost efficientlydangerouslymore dangerouslymost dangerouslyReliablymore reliablymost reliably

Business English at WorkAdverbsIrregular Adverbs PP 13-19Use irregular comparisons for some adverbs.PositiveComparativeSuperlativewellbetterbestbadlyworseworst

Business English at WorkAdverbsAbsolute Adverbs PP 13-20Some adverbs do not allow for comparisons nonowpastbasicallythereherepartlysometimestooveryannually We feel that we need more telephone lines now.Ethics concerns today are similar to those in the past.

Business English at WorkAdverbsCautions for Using Not and Never PP 13-21Use not in a negative statement.Place not between the helping verb and the main verb in a sentence. Some employees do not treat all customers with respect. Use never as a stronger word than not to mean at no time.Being rude to a customer is never acceptable. Refrain from using never if not will suffice.

Business English at WorkAdverbsCautions for Using Contractions PP 13-22Use an apostrophe to take the place of the missing letter or letters in such words asarentdoesntcantisntwouldnthasntdont He doesnt anticipate rewriting the code of ethics for several years.She hasnt missed a day of work this year.

Business English at WorkAdverbsDouble Negatives PP 13-23aDouble negatives are two negative words used in a sentence. This combination gives the clause a positive meaning rather than the intended negative meaning. I have not seen no evidence of employee theft. IncorrectI have seen no evidence of employee theft.I have not seen any evidence of employee theft. Correct

Business English at WorkAdverbsDouble Negatives PP 13-23bI couldnt hardly believe that the computer was missing. IncorrectI could hardly believe that the computer was missing.I could not believe that the computer was missing.CorrectcontinuedI cant go nowhere until I help these customers. IncorrectI can go nowhere until I help these customers.I cannot go anywhere until I help these customers. Correct

Business English at WorkAdverbsPlacement of Only PP 13-24Place the adverb only immediately before the word or group of words it modifies.Only long-time employees can take vacations during June.Long-time employees can take vacations only during June.

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverb Clauses PP 13-25aUse subordinating conjunctions such as after, although, before, because, if, unless, when, and while to introduce dependent adverb clauses.Place the adverb clause as closely as possible to the words modified.

Business English at WorkAdverbsAdverb Clauses PP 13-25bUse commas after introductory adverb clauses that precede independent clauses.continuedAlthough he broke no laws, his actions were still unethical. Do not use commas to set aside adverb clauses that follow independent clauses.Plan to arrive 10 minutes before the meeting begins.We will start the meeting after serving refreshments.

Business English at WorkAdverbsFarther/Further (Adverbs) PP 13-26Use farther to refer to physical distance. We traveled farther from the airport than we anticipated to find our hotel. Use further to mean additional or additionally.He explained further the reasons for adjusting our work schedules.

Business English at WorkAdverbsGood/Well PP 13-27Use good as an adjective. Making ethical choices is often more than being a good person. Use well as an adverb. The new code of ethics has worked very well during the past year. Use well as an adjective in reference to the state of someones health. Although Anna was not well, she stayed at work long enough to complete writing the payroll checks.

Business English at WorkAdverbsMost/Almost PP 13-28Use almost as an adverb to mean nearly.Use almost if the word nearly can be substituted satisfactorily. Almost all of us use our yearly vacation time. Use most as a limiting adjective to modify a noun. Most new supervisors have trouble with ethical situations. Use most as the superlative degree in a comparison. The speaker answered the question most effectively.

Business English at WorkAdverbsReal/Really PP 13-29aUse real as a descriptive adjective to mean genuine.Do not use real to modify another adjective.We never knew the real reason for losing the Manila contract.

Business English at WorkAdverbsReal/Really PP 13-29bUse really as an adverb to mean genuinely.Substitute very for the word really to determine if really is the correct word.Cynthia is really supportive of our efforts to improve customer satisfaction. continued

Business English at WorkAdverbsSometime/Sometimes/Some Time PP 13-30aUse sometime as an adverb to mean at some unscheduled time or in the future.Sometime next week we are meeting to revise our customer service policy. Use sometimes as an adverb to mean on some occasions.We sometimes waive late payment charges.

Business English at WorkAdverbsSometime/Sometimes/Some Time PP 13-30bUse some time as a phrase in which the adjective some modifies the noun time. Some time designates an amount of time.The revision of the ethics policy will take some time. continued

Business English at WorkAdverbsSure/Surely PP 13-31Use sure as an adjective. They thought a lock on the supply cabinet was the sure solution for reducing theft.Use surely as an adverb to mean without a doubt.Ellen surely makes an excellent impression on customers.

Business English at WorkAdverbsEnd of

Business English at Work 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Business English at WorkAdverbs