Page 1 of 34 ADVENT OF THE EUROPEAN TO INDIA I] 1) Where did the Portuguese establish their trading centers? Ans: They established their footholds in Goa, Diu and Daman in Gujarat. Salsette and Bassein near Bombay in Maharashtra San Thome near madras and Hughly (Hooghly) in Bengal. 2) How did the English Secure Arcot in the Second Carnatic war? Ans: On the advice of Robert Clive a young clerk in the service of the English East India Company, they attacked and captured Arcot. 3) Mention the three trading centers of the English in India? Ans: Ahmedabad, Broach and Agra were the three trading centers of the English in India. 4) Why did the English dethrone Mir Kasim? Ans: The company officials used to sell the Dastaks (free passes) given to the company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade. This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this. 5) What does dual government mean? Who introduce it? Ans: According to this system, the company collected the revenue and the Nawab looked after the overall administration and also the administration of justice. Robert clive introduced it. 6) Who fought the battle of Plassey? What were its results? Ans: It was fought between Siraj-ud-Daula the Nawab of Bengal and the English army led by Robert Clive. Results are 1) Siraj-ud-Daula was killed Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal 2) The English secured the Zamindari rights over the Twenty four Pargana region in Bengal and got a firm footing in Bengal
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Page 1 of 34
ADVENT OF THE EUROPEAN TO INDIA
I]
1) Where did the Portuguese establish their trading centers?
Ans: They established their footholds in Goa, Diu and Daman in Gujarat. Salsette and
Bassein near Bombay in Maharashtra San Thome near madras and Hughly
(Hooghly) in Bengal.
2) How did the English Secure Arcot in the Second Carnatic war?
Ans: On the advice of Robert Clive a young clerk in the service of the English East
India Company, they attacked and captured Arcot.
3) Mention the three trading centers of the English in India?
Ans: Ahmedabad, Broach and Agra were the three trading centers of the English in
India.
4) Why did the English dethrone Mir Kasim?
Ans: The company officials used to sell the Dastaks (free passes) given to the
company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade.
This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this.
5) What does dual government mean? Who introduce it?
Ans: According to this system, the company collected the revenue and the Nawab
looked after the overall administration and also the administration of justice.
Robert clive introduced it.
6) Who fought the battle of Plassey? What were its results?
Ans: It was fought between Siraj-ud-Daula the Nawab of Bengal and the English
army led by Robert Clive.
Results are
1) Siraj-ud-Daula was killed Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal
2) The English secured the Zamindari rights over the Twenty four Pargana
region in Bengal and got a firm footing in Bengal
Page 2 of 34
II]
1) Give reasons for the decline of the French in India?
Ans: 1) The French neglected trade and concentrated on politics as a result they were
always short of resources required for the wars.
2) The French did not secure complete support from their home government on
account of political turmoil.
3) The French company was more or less a government company
4) The English navy was superior to the French navy both in terms of leadership
and equipment.
5) The French officers on the other hand quarreled among themselves and were
unco-operative with each other
6) Dupleix was shrewd and ambitious but Robert Clive was a better judge of
circumstances and unorthodox in his approach towards war and politics.
2) What were the causes and the course of the Battle of Plassey?
Ans: Causes:
1) The English who were authorized to issue Dastaks were misused by the
officials which proved to be a financial loss to the Nawab of Bengal
2) Siraj-ud-Dual the Nawab of Bengal angered many within his administration
on account of his autocratic ways.
3) The English had given shelter to some o the subjects like Krishna Ballabh
son of Rai Ballabh in fort Wiiliam of Culcutta. Hence they incurred the
displeasure of the Nawab.
Courses:
1) The company tried to fortify their factory at Calcutta without the permission
of the Nawab
2) The Nawab was engaged and he captured Kasim Bazaar and Fort William
from the English (1756 AD). This shocked the English.
3) Explain the events leading to the battle of Buxar and mention its results
Ans: 1) Mir Kasim fulfilled the demands of the English but asserted his legal rights
as the Nawab and refused to remain a puppet in the hands of the English.
2) The Company officials used to sell the Dastak (free passes) given to the
company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade.
3) This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this the
company dethroned Mir Kasim and brought back Mir Jafar as the Nawab.
Results:
1) But Mir Kasim aligned himself with the Nawab of Avadh, Shiraj-ud-Daulah
and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam-II
2) They Challenged the English at Buxar (1764 AD) and the English
commander Hector Munro defeated the combined army.
3) This helped the English to secure the region of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Page 3 of 34
THE BRITISH AND FRENCH SETTLEMENT IN INDIA
CHANDRANAGAR
(F)
CALCUTTA
(E)
VISHAKPATNAM
(E)
MADRAS
(E)
PONDICHERY
(F)
CALICUT
(E)
BOMBAY
(E)
1
Page 4 of 34
MYSORE STATE AND THE BRITISH
I] Fill in the blanks:
1) The Dasara Festival was started in Mysore by Raja Wodeyar
2) The founders of the Wodeyar Dynasty hailed from Dwaraka
3) The ruler who got the stone Nandi carved at the Chamundi hill was
Doddadevaraja
4) Chikkadevaraja Binnapam is addressed to Deity at Melukote
II] Answer the following in three or four sentences
1) What were the political achievements of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar?
Ans: 1) He conquered Tumkur, Hoskote and parts of Salem districts
2) He then conquered Banavara, Vastare and Chikkamagalur from the Keladi
rulers.
3) Later Magadi, Madhugiri and Konatagere also came under his control.
4) Chikadevaraja courted the friendhip of Aurangazeb and secured Bangalore
on lease from him and the izara (rent) was paid in return to the Mughals
regularly.
2) What were the terms of the Treaty of Madras?
Ans: 1) The English and Haider Ali signed the Treaty of Madrs in 1769 AD and
agreed to return the territorial‟s they had captured from each other.
2) The English promised to assist Haider Ali if attacked by his enemies.
3) Trace the course of the second Anglo Mysore war.
Ans: 1) Haider Ali fought alone against the Marathas
2) In 1780 AD the English conquered Mahe from the French
3) Haider Ali allied him with the French but the English commander, Sir. Eyre
Coote, defeated Haider Ali at the battle of Solignur in 1781 A.D
4) Why did the British declare war on Tippu in 1799 AD?
Ans: 1) He fortified his capital and continued his negations with the French, the Amir
of Afganistan and the Sultan of Turkey.
2) The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who
declared war on Tippu.
5) What were the terms of the Treaty of Mangalore?
Ans: 1) Tippu retained the coastal regions of Mangalore and Malabar
2) The treaty also stressed that they should not join hands with their respective
enemies.
Page 5 of 34
III] Answer the following
1) Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar was an able administration and patron of art and
literature. Justify the statement.
Ans: 1) Having assumed the title „Karnataka Chakravarthy‟, Chikkadevaraja
recognized administration efficiently and started 18 departments called
„Atharakacheri‟
2) To have a regular system of exchanging department messages, he started the
postal department called „Anche‟
3) He collected taxes regularly and also enforced economy in the
administration. The huge reserve funds he accumulated in the treasury qualified
and him.
4) He got constructed two canals named after Doddadevaraja and
Chikkadevaraja and helped in the expansion of irrigation facilities.
5) He constructed temples at Bangalore, Mysore and Gundlupet.
6) He himself was a poet and has written a Kannada poem „Chikkadevaraja
Binnapam‟ in praise of the deity at Melukote.
7) Cheluvanarayana, Singararya, Chikkupadhyana and Sanchi Honnamma
(work: Hadibadeya Dharma) were Kannada poets in his court.
2) What are the causes of the First Anglo Mysore war?
Ans: 1) The Nizam attached Mysore with the help of the English but failed to defeat
Haider Ali.
2) The Nizam and Haider Ali attached the English at Tiruchinapalli. The
English planned to retaliate by attacking Hyderabad.
3) The Nizam was alarmed by these developments, deserted Haider Ali and
once again joined the English.
3) What were the causes and results of the Third Anglo-Mysore war/
Ans: Causes
1) Tippu tried to secure help from the French
2) He also sent emissaries to the royal courts of Turkey, Afghanistan and
Persia
3) Tippu attacked the Raja of Travancore in 1789 AD who was an English ally.
The English invaded Tippu‟s territory.
Results
1) He surrendered half the territory to the enemies, which was shared by the
allies.
2) Tippu had to pay heavy war indemnity
3) He also surrendered his two sons as hostages to the English
Page 6 of 34
4) Narrate the causes and results of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore war/
Ans: Causes
1) Tippu fortified his capital and continued his negotiations with the French the
Amir of Afghanistan and the Sultan of Turkey
2) The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who
declared war on Tippu.
Results
1) The English surrounded his capital from all the four sides. Tippu died
fighting at Srirangapattana in 1799 AD.
2) Mysore was partitioned between the Nizam and the English.
3) The remaining parts of his territory of the original family of the Mysore
Wodeyars.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH RULE
IN INDIA
1) State the causes and results of the First Anglo Maratha War?
Ans: Causes:
1) Peshwa Madhavrao was succeeded by his brother Narayanarao in 1772 AD
2) But his uncle Raghunathrao (Raghoba) Was ambitious and got Narayanrao
murdered
3) In 1775 AD he concluded the Treaty of Surat with the English Government
at Bombay and agreed to surrender Salsette and Bassein for their support
4) The Maratha leaders were enraged at this and they exiled him from the
territory
5) The Governor General Warren Hastings did not recognize the Surat Treaty
6) Warren Hastings entered into the Treaty of Puranshar with Nana Phadnavis
in 1776 AD. This recognized the new Peshwa.
7) But the Bombay Government gave shelter to Raghoba. The Board of
Directors in England recognized the Surat Treaty of 1775.
Results:
1) The Marathas, the Nizam and Haider Ali formed an alliance against the
English
2) But this Alliance faced defeat and the Marathas were forced to sign the
Treaty of Salbai in 1782 AD
3) Madhayrao II was recognized as the Peshwa and Raghoba was pensioned
off
2) Outline the causes of the Third Anglo Maratha War?
Ans: The second Anglo Maratha war left the Maratha leaders dissatisfied. This made
Bajirao II attak the English Residency at Poona and was defeated.
Page 7 of 34
3) Why is Ranjith Singh described as is famous ruler of the Sikhs?
Ans: 1) Renowned as the „Lion of Punjab‟ Ranjit Singh was the famous ruler of the
Sikhs
2) He had become the chief of the Sukarchakia of the Sikhs at the age of 12
3) When Zaman Shah of Kabul invaded India, Ranjit Singh helped him and
secured Lahore in return in 1798 AD and became its ruler.
4) The secured Amritsar in 1802 AD and Ludhiana in 1806 AD
5) He maintained friendly relations with the English but retained his territory
without their interference.
4) What were the causes and results of the first Anglo-Sikh War?
Ans: Causes:
1) The army of the Sikh Community the „Khalasa; was won over by Lal Singh,
and in 1845 AD he declared war against the English
Results:
1) The Lahore treaty was signed between the Sikhs and the English
2) The Sikhs gave up the territory between the Ravi and the Sutlej rivers.
3) Kashmir was handed over to Gulab Singh in return for Rs. 75 lakhs
5) What were the causes of the Second Anglo Sikh War?
Ans: 1) Though the whole of Panjab came under the control of the British in the first
Anglo Sikh war, they did not rule over the whole territory.
2) Dulip Singh himself was asked to administer the territory
3) They kept a section of their army in Punjab and asked the prince himself to
regulate it. This made the Sikh leaders in the Khalsa army unhappy
6) Why did the British take over the administration from Krishnaraja Wodeyar III?
Ans: 1) In 1830 AD the Zamindars of Nagar revolted against the Maharaja and
refused to pay taxes. The Maharaja was able to suppress the revolt.
2) But the Zamindars individually began to trouble the administration
3) The English took over the administration in 1831 AD and appointed
administrators called commissioners to administer the State.
7) What are the achievements of Dewan Rangacharlu and Sheshaderi Iyer?
Ans: Dewan Rangacharlu established the Mysore Representative Assembly (1881
AD) and inaugurated the Bangalore-Mysore Railway line (1882 AD)
Dewan K Sheshadri Iyer (1883 AD-1902 AD) started the competitive
examination for the recruitment of government servants. He also started hydro
electric power production at the Shivansamudra Falls in 1902 AD which was
the first major venture of its kind in Asia.
Page 8 of 34
8) Why Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is called the maker of Modern Mysore State?
Ans: 1) He assumed personal power in 1902 AD. During his time the Marikanive
irrigation project was undertaken, Gold mining at the Kolar Goldfields was
started and the streets of Bangalore.
2) The Maharaja was assisted by able Dewans like P.N.Krishnamurthy,
V.P.Madhav Rao, Sir. M. Vishveshwarayya and Sir. Mirza M Ismail.
3) As Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV was a patron of learning and education he
abolished the fees at the Government Primary Schools. He also encouraged
cottage industries.
4) The Indian Institute of Science was started in Bangalore in 1911 AD
5) Mysore developed as a „Model Princely State‟ during the days of Krishnaraja
Wodeyar IV. He gave patronage to music, literature and fine arts.
6) During his rule Mysore made great progress. Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is
called the „Maker of the Moder Mysore State‟.
9) What are the contributions of Dewan Visgveswarayya to Mysore State/
Ans: 1) Sir. M. Vishveshwarayya is remembered by the people for his developmental
works.
2) He paid attention to the development of irrigation, industry trade and
commerce.
3) He started the Iron Works at Bhadravati, Government Soap Factory, Sandal
Oil Factory and the Mysore Bank.
4) The Mysore University (1916 AD) and the Chamarajendra Technological
Institute at Mysore, the Engineering College at Bangalore and the Agricultural
College at Hebbal were started during his time.
10) What are the contributions of Sir. Mirza M Ismail to Mysore/
Ans: Dewan Sir. Mirza M Ismail (1926 AD-1941AD) founded the cement and paper
factory at Bhadravati and the Sugar factory at Mandya. He got completed the
Kannambadi dam.
Page 9 of 34
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE -
1857 AD
I] Fill in the blanks:
1) British Historian have described the revolt of 1857 as Sepoy Mutiny
2) The Doctrine of Lapse war introduced by Dalhonsile
3) The revolt in Kanpur was led by Nana Saheb
4) The bravest of all the mutineers was Rani Lakshmibai
II] Answer the following:
1) What were the effects of the Doctrine of Lapse?
Ans: 1) Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jhansi, Jaipur, Sambalpur and Udaipur
2) The adopted son of Peshwa Bajirao II, Nanasaheb was not paid the pension
3) Similarly the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Avadh and many others
were thrown out of power and this led to a lot of unrest.
4) Lakhs of soldiers employed by the dethroned princes become unemployed.
2) What were the economic causes of 1857 uprising?
Ans: 1) The Industrial Revolution witnessed in England during the 18th
century made
England not only a commercial country but also an industrial one.
2) This ruined Indian industries like textile, gunny bag and wool weaving lakhs
of weavers and spinners lost their jobs.
3) The textiles could not be sold in England due to heavy tariffs imposed on this
import. Thus export of Indian goods stopped.
4) The Inam Commission appointed by the Government confiscated lands from
rich landlords who had received tax-free land from the rulers.
3) What were the religious causes of the uprising?
Ans: The abolition of Sati, Permission for widow re-marriage etc., caused a lot of
unrest among the orthodox people.
4) Which of the social reforms caused unrest in the minds of the Indians?
Ans: 1) The abolition of Sati, Permission for widow re-marriage etc., caused a lot of
unrest among the orthodox people.
2) The introduction of the network of telegraph and railway lines looked like
efforts to chain the country and were clear signs of westernization.
Page 10 of 34
5) How do you prove that the condition of Indian soldiers in the British army was
pathetic?
Ans: 1) The condition of the Sepoys in the English army was pathetic.
2) The English discriminated between the Indians and the Europeans.
3) An English soldier drew a Salary eight times more than that of an Indian
promotions were reserved only for the whites.
4) The compulsion to make the soldiers cross the oceans appeared to make them
outcaste.
6) Narrate the immediate causes of the uprising?
Ans: In the newly introduced „Enfield rifles the top of the cartridge head to be
removed by mouth. A rumour spread that the cartridge were smeared with the
fat of cows and pigs. To both the Muslims and the Hindus, this was an
outrageous regulation. This became the immediate cause for the revolt.
7) Enumerate the causes for the failure of the uprising?
Ans: 1) There was no suitable leader for the uprising
2) The Sepoys indulged in looking and dacoities and this resulted in the
common people losing their faith in them.
3) The Indian Sepoys did not possesses modern and improved weapons like the
English
4) The English made use of telegraphic network to communicate messages
5) The Sikhs, the Nizam, the ruler of Gwalior and many others including many
Princely states supported the English.
6) Lack of proper organization among the mutineers.
7) The English had the common goal of protecting their empire. The Indian
Sepoys did not have a definite aim, acceptable to all.
8) What were the effects of the 1857 uprising?
Ans: 1) The rule of the East India Company came to an end and the British
Government in England took over the administration of India into its own
hands.
2) The secretary of State for India was put in charge of the Indian
administration. He was responsible to the British parliament.
3) The British withdraw the policy of the Doctrine of lapse
4) In 1858 AD Queen Victoria made a declaration and promised to grant a
stable government to India. She promised to safeguard the rights of the people.
5) The Queen promised not to interfere in the religious matters of the Indians.
6) The British were convinced that they could rule the country only if they
could win the confidence of the Indians.
Page 11 of 34
9) What were the administrative causes for the request of 1857?
Ans: 1) The English introduced new laws which treated are people all people as equal
2) This rule of law which alarm totally disregarded status, position and money
power, threatened the Zamindars and Taluqdars.
3) The laws made by the English could not be understood by the common
people.
4) The replacement of Persian language by English as the court language was
not liked by the people.
IMPACT OF THE BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
I] Fill in the Blanks:
1) The Permanent settlement was introduced by Cornwallis
2) The person who introduced the Ryatwari System was Munro
3) „Mahal‟ means Taluk
4) The first railway line was laid between Bombay and Thane
5) The first newspaper in India was Bengal gazette
6) The first newspaper in Kannada was Mangalury Samachara
II] Answer the following questions:
1) What was the outcome of the uniform system of administration in India?
Ans: 1) This helped to establish a uniform legal system.
2) The Rule of law placed all Indians on the same footings irrespective of caste
and religion.
3) Unified civil service and efficient police created internal stability
2) What was the impact of Industrial Revolution on India?
Ans: 1) The Industrial Revolution in England affected the Indian industries
2) After the Industrial Revolution the British exported raw materials from India
and imported finished goods from England and sold them in the Indian markets
at cheaper rates.
3) The Indian manufacturers could not compete with the cheap machine made
goods from England. Thus the Indian industries were ruined.
4) This decline in the domestic industries caused unemployment and starvation
to millions
Page 12 of 34
3) What was the Permanent Settlement?
Ans: 1) The Governor General Cornwallis introduced Permanent Settlement in
Bengal
2) The former revenue collectors were recognized as permanent owners of the
land and they were made to pay an amount fixed by the government as revenue.
3) The Zamindar collected more than what was expected from the ryots and
they led a life of luxury and comfort.
4) They ruthlessly collected the tax even during famines and multiplied the
miseries of the poor peasants.
5) This system came into existence in Bengal, Bihar and the United Province
(Uttar Pradesh)
4) What are the features of the Ryotwari System?
Ans: 1) Munro was in officer who introduced this system of settlement land was
measured and taking into account the lands fertility and irrigation facilities, the
revenue was fixed.
2) This system was introduced mostly in Southern and Western India
3) The governments demand was mostly kept at fifty percent of the produce
4) This system recognized the rights of the cultivation over his land
permanently
5) In times of famine the peasants could appeal to the government for partial or
even total concession.
5) What were the main features of Charles Wood‟s Dispatch?
Ans: 1) Charles Wood in 1854 the Department of Public Instruction was created
2) Charles Wood in his famous dispute on the importance of vernacular and
female education
3) Charles Wood proposed for the establishment of universities. As a result
universities were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
6) What was the contribution of Macaulay to the growth of education in India?
Ans: On the advice of T.B.Macaulay Governor General William Bentink introduced
English education in India (1835). Thus English school were started throughout
the country.
Page 13 of 34
7) What was the impact of English education on the Indians?
Ans: 1) The number of schools and colleges increased and literacy spread.
2) The urban centers nurtured the new middle class. This class of people were
imbided with the spirit of western ideas of democracy and liberalism.
3) It is this new middle class which took leadership in the cultural renaissance
and in the national movement.
4) English served as a link language for the whole country and created a large
number of likeminded Indians.
5) With the study of English literature similar forms of literature grew in Indian
regional languages. The art of writing prose developed in Marathi, Hindi,
Tamil, Kannada and other regional languages.
8) What was the impact of the growth of transport facilities in India?
Ans: 1) The railway lines connected various parts of India
2) As a result Indians began to travel on a large scale throughout the country.
3) This led to the development of a sense of unity among the Indians.
4) Roads and waterways were developed and bridges were constructed across
the rivers. The railway connected the parts to the hinterland.
9) What were the benefits of the introduction of railways?
Ans: 1) Governor General Dalhousie founded the public works department in 1854
AD and laid the first railway line between Bombay and Thane in 1853 AD
2) The Calcutta Raniganj railway line was laid in 1854 AD
3) The railway lines connected various parts of India
4) As a result Indians began to travel on a large scale throughout the country.
5) This led to the development or a sense of unity among the Indians.
6) Roads and waterways were developed and bridges were constructed across
the rivers. The railway connected the parts to the hinterland.
10) What was the importance of the newspapers during freedom movement?
Ans: 1) The newspapers in English education, newspapers in English and in various
regional languages came to be published.
2) They started exposing the administrative methods of the English
3) Many political leaders started newspapers and they used them as weapons
during the national movements.
4) The newspapers were used to create awareness and faster a sense of
nationality among the Indians.
Page 14 of 34
11) What are the differences between the Ryatwari system and the Mahalwari
system?
Ans: * Ryatwari system:
1) Munro was an officer who introduced this system of settlement land was
measured and taking into account its irrigation facilities the revenue was
fixed.
2) This system was introduced mostly in Southern and Western India
3) The Government demand was mostly kept at fifty percent of the produce
4) This system recognized the rights of the cultivator over his land
permanently
5) In times of famine the peasants could appeal to the government for partial or
even total concession
* Mahalwari system:
1) Mahal literally stands for a taluk and this was introduced in North Western
and Central India
2) The assessment rates here were somewhat high
3) The Mahaldar and the cultivator were jointly responsible for paying revenue
to the Government
4) The drawbacks of the Zamindari system were also present in this system.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA
I] Fill in the blanks :
1) The act responsible for the founding of Supreme Court India was Regulating
Act.
2) The first law member of the Governor General‟s Advisory council was
T.B.Macaulay
3) Competitive examinations were introduced by the Act of 1853
4) The Chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution was Dr.
B.R.Ambedkar
II] Answer the following:
1) What were the provisions of the Regulating Act?
Ans: 1) The Governor of Bengal became the Governor General of India with control
over the two other Presidencies (Bombay and Madras) Warren Hastings
becomes the first Governor General.
2) A council of four members was constituted to assist the Governor General
3) A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta
4) The Secretary of State for India was appointed in England to supervise the
company‟s affairs in India. He was answerable to the British Parliament.
Page 15 of 34
2) What were the main features of the Charter Act of 1813
Ans: 1) The Indian Empire was declared as subject to the Sovereign authority of the
British government
2) The ban on the entry of the Christian Missionaries into India was lifted and
the missionaries were permitted to open schools and colleges in India.
3) The Act also directed the government to earmark rupees one lakh per year for
the education of Indians.
3) The Act of 1853 is considered to be a milestone in the history of Indian
constitution. Why/
Ans: 1) It created an effective legislative wing
2) The central legislature was started by adding new legislature members in the
council. (This is the beginning of the modern Parliament)
4) What were the main provisions of the Minto –Morley Reforms?
Ans: 1) It provided for an increase in the number of members at the council
legislature from 16 to 60
2) The Provincial Legislative Council was expanded by adding elected members
3) Separate communal electorate was introduced.
5) What were the changes introduced by the Montague –Chelmsfor reforms?
Ans: 1) The Act promised to gradually extend responsible government to India
2) It further promised to develop local self government bodies
3) The powers of the secretary of state for India were curtailed and a High
commissioner for India was appointed.
4) The number of Indian members in the Viceroy‟s executive council was
increased
5) The act provided for a bicameral legislature at the centre. These were the
beginnings of the present Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
6) The departments were divided into central list and the provincial list
7) At the provincial level, Dyarchy was introduced. There were resecured
subjects like finance, police etc., and transferred subjects like forests, education,
land revenue, health etc.
6) The Government of India Act 1935 is a major step in the constitutional
development how?
Ans: 1) The Act proposed for an all India Federation consisting of the provinces of
British India and the princely states.
3) A Federal Council having jurisdiction cover the provinces and princely
states were established at the centre.
Page 16 of 34
3) Dyarchy was abolished in the provinces. The act provided for provincial
autonomy
4) Dyarchy was introduced at the centre and the subjects were divided into
central list provincial list and concurrent list.
5) The Reserve Bank of India was established.
7) What were the main features of the Government of India Act of 1947?
Ans: 1) India become Independence and two independent states India and Pakistan
were created
2) The rule of the British in India ended. All the provinces and princely states
were permitted to join either of the two states by the act.
THE SOCIAL RELIGIOUS REFORM
MOVEMENTS
I] Answer the following
1) Who was the founder of the Brahma Samaj?
Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahma Samaj at Calcutta in 1828
2) Who proposed widow re-marriage in Bengal?
Ans: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar propagated widow re-marriage in Bengal
3) What were the contribution of Mahadev Govind Ranade to Prarthana Samaj?
Ans: 1) He was associated with the Association for widow re-marriage and the
Deccan Education society.
2) Ranade strongly advocated women education. He started the first Girl‟s High
School at Poona in 1884.
4) Where did Annie Besant established the Central Hindu College?
Ans: She founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi which later became the
Banaras Hindu University.
5) Who was the founder of the Aligarh movement?
Ans: Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan
6) Who are the founders of the Depressed classes mission?
Ans: Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar and Vittal Ramji Shinde established the
Depressed Classes Mission in 1906 for the up liftment of the untouchables.
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II] Answer briefly:
1) Narrate the principles of the Brahma Samaj.
Ans: The Brahma Samaj rejected idol worship and believed in one god, where people
of all caste and religions could assemble together and pray. There was no place
for image worship, superstitions and unscientific religious customs in Brahma
Samaj.
2) What are the teachings of Dayananda Saraswathi?
Ans: 1) Dayananda Saraswati had Vedic education at Varanasi.
2) He tried to reform the Hindu Society on the basis of Vedic thoughts. He gave
a call for „back to vedas‟.
3) He condemned caste system, untouchability and idol worship and stressed on
the education of girls.
4) Arya Samaj believed that the Vedas were the only source of truth. Dayananda
wrote Satyartha Prakash in Hindi.
5) The Arya Samaj rejuvenated the Hindu society and awakened the spirit of
nationalism.
3) What are the principles of Sathya Shodha Samaj?
Ans: 1) The Samaj strove to secure justice and human rights for the exploited.
2) He declared a war against child marriage and exploitation of the widows.
3) The samaj worked for the improvement of the status of mill workers of
Bombay and also the peasants.
4) He believed that education alone could end exploitation and modernize the
society.
5) He was also the first reformer who advocated universalization of education.
6) He stressed the need for female education and started the first school for girls
in 1848 AD.
4) Give an account of the services rendered by the Ramakrishna Mission.
Ans: 1) The purpose of this organization is service to mankind.
2) He believed that to serve, humanity is to serve God.
3) He preached and stresses the message that through service to the poor and the
sick, one should try to seek god.
4) Many orphanages, schools, colleges and hospitals have been founded by the
Ramakrishna Ashram.
5) In times of flood, famine and epidemic outbreaks the mission has helped
people and consoled them.
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5) What are the main principles of the Theosophical society?
Ans: 1) Their main principal was to inculcate the spirit of equality and brotherhood
among all.
2) They also stress to teach about the values embedded in Indian religious and
philosophy.
3) They believed that the soul has no gender and men and women are equal. The
society preached compassion for all beings.
4) Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi which later
became the Banaras Hindu University.
6) What were the main aims of the Aligarh Movement?
Ans: Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan wanted the Muslims to change their outdated orthodox
political, social, educational and religious beliefs and strive for the fusion of
Eastern and Western thoughts. This was the object of the Aligarh Movement.
For the fulfillment of this objective Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan started the Anglo
Oriental School at Aligarh in 1875 AD which became the Aligarh Muslim
University. Sir. Sayed Ahmed Khan encouraged women to educate themselves
and condemned Purdah system.
7) Why did the Socio reform movement take place in the 19th
century?
Ans: 1) The 19th
century is known as the age of Renaissance in the history of modern
India.
2) The British rule brought about peace and security in the country and provided
a conducive atmosphere for self introspection among the educated Indians.
3) The western rationality acquired through English education gave them the
tool to question the superstitious practices of the people.
4) Western concepts like democracy, liberty, equality and nationalism
awakened the Indians superstitions gave away to scientific approach.
III] Fill in the blanks:
1) The Father of Indian Renaissance is Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
2) The person who gave the call for back to Vedas was Dayanand Saraswati
3) Sathya Shodha Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Phule
4) SNDT women‟s university was founded by Dhando Keshav Karve
5) The first girls high school was established in Poona by M.G.Ranade
6) Tarabai Shinde wrote Stri Purusha Tulna
7) The first trade union in India was established by N.M.Lokhande
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THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT
I]
1) Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?
Ans: A.O.Hume was the founder of the Indian National Congress