NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION NOVOZYMES A/S 06/11/2007 Advancing cellulosic ethanol Exco Exco 60 Workshop (IEA) 60 Workshop (IEA) Alain Destexhe Alain Destexhe Customer Solution Manager Customer Solution Manager Munich, October 30th, 2007 Munich, October 30th, 2007 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 06/11/2007 2 The fundamentals The industrial revolution has been very successful in providing us with incredible amounts of goods But it has in many places been at great costs to nature and our natural resource base There is a need for accelerated economic growth to meet the needs of a growing world population – but with less impact on nature ...so we need to find ways to produce more – with less
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oo Broad spectrum of Broad spectrum of viable optionsviable optionsoo Infrastructure Infrastructure requiredrequiredoo Ease of preEase of pre--treatmenttreatment
Many challenges remain to be solved Many challenges remain to be solved –– integration!integration!
* NZ estimates = $0.47-0.93/gal
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-$1.00
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
Starch* Cellulose 1999 Cellulose 2005
EnzymeFeedstockVariable Operating CostsLabor, Supplies and OverheadDepreciationCo-productsTotal
Enzyme cost no longer dominates the picture
- Cost comparison after the BioEnergy Project: grain versus biomass in USD/gallon ethanol, April, 2005*
*Modified from “Determining the Cost of Producing Ethanol from Corn Starch and Lignocellulosic Feedstocks”, NREL/TP-580-28893 joint USDA, NREL study released in October 2000.
Major cost reduction in enzyme cost
Estimate for Nth-plant production, current cost based on lab-scale is USD 3–4/gal
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Novozymes’ R&D in cellulosic ethanol
DOE/NREL/Novozymes 2001–2004
§ Enzyme cost reduction on NREL acid pre-treated stover
§ USD 17.8 million grant
§ Announced 30-fold cost reduction based on enzyme improvements and process development
1st generation bioethanol versus 2nd generation bioethanol1st generation bioethanol versus 2nd generation bioethanol
§ 2nd generation bioethanol will prove to be a very attractive replacement for gasoline for both economic and environmental reasons*
§ The 1st generation bioethanol market must be established in order to facilitate (logistics, filling stations, etc.) the transition towards 2nd generation bioethanol
§ Novozymes is committed to be the innovation engine in both 1st and 2nd generation bioethanol production with selected partners
*JRC/Concave/Eucar ”Well-to-Wheel”( 2005)
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Enzyme improvement
Hydrolysis 50g Lot 3 NREL PCS hydrolysis ~168 hr
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Relative Enzyme loading
Co
nve
rsio
n (
per
cen
t)
NS50052
NS50031
Celluclast:NZ188
Celluclast:NZ188, 38ºC~ 6X
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The total process view-- Developments in one area can impact other areas --
Enzyme dose
Enzyme cost
Sugar cost
Solids level
EtOH level
Viscosity Recovery cost
Biocompatibility
Xylan hydrolysis
Novel organisms
plant capital cost
subsidies
Feedstock Pretreatment EnzymeHydrolysis
ProductsCo-Products
Fermentation
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Fungal Cellulase: A complex, interacting enzyme mix
CBH I ~60%
CBH II ~15%
EG III
EG I, II ~20%
RNR
BG
?
CBH I ~60%
CBH II ~15%
EG III
EG I, II ~20%
RNR
BG
?
CBH I ~60%
CBH II ~15%
EG III
EG I, II ~20%
RNR
BG
?
CBH I ~60%
CBH II ~15%
EG III
EG I, II ~20%
RNR
BG
?
CBH I ~60%
CBH II ~15%
EG III
EG I, II ~20%
RNR
BG
?
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (hr)
Cel
lulo
se C
on
vers
ion
(%
)
T. reesei, 1XZ broth, 1X
T. reesei + Z broth mixed 1:1, 0.5X
Fungal proteins that work synergistically with T. reesei cellulase
~2X reduction in enzyme loading
PCS hydrolysis to glucose
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Cellulase enzyme loading reduced ~2X by addition of Ta 61A
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GH61 effect on various substrates
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
PCS SERS SEWS SEP OSLPP FP
Substrate
Deg
ree
of
Syn
erg
yTa61A
Tt61B
Tr61B
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General Challenges for enzyme supply
Technical Challenges of Diversity!
§ Variable Feedstocks
§ Variable Process scenarios
§ Pretreatments
§ Fermentation organisms
One example:
A lower capital cost pretreatment that does not solubilizehemicellulose
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Good progress has been made, but…
§Many pretreatments do not fully solubilize the hemicellulose fraction in biomass
§ These pretreatments are attractive as they generally have lower capital cost and are friendlier to fermentations
§Hemicellulose deconstruction requires many more enzyme activities!
§Hemicellulases are generally poorly expressed relative to cellulases, so they cost more!
§Our goal is to devise a hemicellulase mixture that is cost effective