Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research

8/17/2019 Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research

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N`vnldas jl Vcnlts & Norjductura Rasanrdm

Avncuntjhl hg Rn`jntjhl Nbshrptjhl nl` usa Agjdjaldy jl

Tubstjtutjhl Jltardrhppjlo hg Tasnka ( Tasnkuk Jl`jduk

C.) nl` Kulo Banl (Wjoln Rn`jntn C.)

Tubkjt Knlusdrjpt | mttp9//ka`drnvahlcjla.dhk

Nbbravjntjhls9 CNJ9 Cang Nran Jlàx5 @K9 @ry Knttar5 CAR9Cnl` Aqujvncalt Rntjh5 E9 Cjomt Axtjldtjhl Dhagjdjalt5 RQA9 Rn-

`jntjhl Qsa Agjdjaldy

Jltrhùdtjhl

Tulcjomt js tma knjl shurda hg alaroy jl norhadhsystaks. Cjomt

js nbshrba` by canvas nl` tmjs alaroy js sthra` ùrjlo tma prhdass

hg pmhthsyltmasjs jl dmakjdnc bhl`s hg hronljd dhkphul`s nl`

jlnccy dhlvarts th tma pcnlt bjhknss. Jl hràr th jldransa tma

agjdjaldy hg tmjs prhdass js ladassnry th ba nwnra hg mhw dmnloasjl cjomt nbshrptjhl jl pcnlts. Grhk nl norjducturnc parspadtjva,

Qlàrstnl`jlo mhw cjomt dmnloas wjtmjl tma pcnlt dnlhpy js

jkphrtnlt wjtmjl n gnrkjlo systak, Aspadjnccy wmal dhlsjàrjlo

vnrjhus jltardrhppjlo systaks, norh ghrastry systaks nl` aval

lhl-drhp spadjas knlnoakalt U>,2[. Khàrl drhp prhùdtjhl

systaks nttakpt th hptjkjza tma sulcjomt utjcjzntjhl usjlo tma

racjnbca nl` agjdjalt drhp knlnoakalt U4[. Jldransjlo norh-

`jvarsjty js hla hg tma bast nl` khst hparntjhlnc prjldjpcas th

hptjkjza tma sulcjomt utjcjzntjhl U0,1[. Norh-`jvarsjty, n tark hg tma

>::6s, ragars th jltarndtjhls batwaal norjducturnc knlnoakalt

prndtjdas, gnrkars‚ rashurda al`hwkalts, bjh-pmysjdnc rashurdas,

nl` spadjas U7[. Ncsh, jl nlhtmar stu`y phjlta` tmnt, bjh`jvarsjty

ragars th ncc spadjas hg pcnlts, nljkncs nl` kjdrh-hronljsks

axjstjlo nl` jltarndtjlo wjtmjl nl adhsystak U?[. Kanlwmjca,

almnldjlo guldtjhlnc bjh`jvarsjty js n eay adhchojdnc strntaoy jl

norhadhsystaks jg dhrradtcy nssakbca` jl tjka nl` spnda U=[.

N prjknry nl` `jradt wny hg jldransjlo `jvarsjty jl

norhadhsystaks js jltardrhppjlo systak U:,>6[. Jltardrhppjlo

js n drhp knlnoakalt systak jlvhcvjlo twh hr khra drhp

spadjas orhwl thoatmar ghr nt canst phrtjhl hg tmajr raspadtjva

prhùdtjva dydca nl` pcnlta` sugjdjaltcy dchsa th andm htmar sh

tmnt jltar-spadjjd dhkpatjtjhls hddurs U>>->4[. Pma rasucts hg

knly stu`jas ravanca` tmnt, mjomar rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl nl`

usa agjdjaldy U>0,>1[, wntar usa agjdjaldy U>7,>?[, lutrjalt

usa agjdjaldy U>=,>:[, cnl` usa agjdjaldy nl` yjac` n`vnltnoas

U26,2>[ nl` raùdtjhl hg waa`s U22[ nttnjla` wjtm jltardrhppjlo.

Jltardrhp yjac` js nggadta` by shcnr rn`jntjhl `jstrjbutjhl jl tma

jltardrhppjlo dnlhpy nl` jltardrhp RQA àpal`s lht hlcy hl

drhp dnlhpy oahkatry but ncsh hl tma jltardrhppjlo nrrnloakalt.

Th, gnrkars kust dmhhsa npprhprjnta ductjvnrs th bast syldmrhljas

tma drhps U24[.

Pma rasucts hg nl axparjkalt jl`jdnta` tmnt, tma prhùdtjvjty hg

jltardrhppjlo, dhkpnra` th khlhducturas, dnl ba guccy axpcnjla`

by nl jldransa jl nddukucnta` cjomt jltardaptjhl par uljt ductjvnta`

Whcuka 4 Jssua 1 - 26>7

@apnrtkalt hg Norhlhky, Gar`hwsj Qljvarsjty hg Knsmmn`,

Jrnl

*Dhrrasphl`jlo nutmhr9 Massnk Thchuej, @apnrtkalt hg

Norhlhky, Gar`hwsj Qljvarsjty hg Knsmmn`, Jrnl,

Pac9 +:=-:41-20:-==6-:5 A-knjc9

Radajva`9 Kny 67, 26>7 | Vubcjsma`9 Kny >2, 26>7

Rasanrdm Nrtjdca

N`v Vcnlts Norjd Ras 26>7, 4(1)9 66>6:

Nbstrndt

Nl axparjkalt wns dnrrja` hut ns n spcjt pcht bnsa` hl n rnl`hkjza` dhkpcata

bchde àsjol wjtm tmraa rapcjdntjhls jl 26>4-26>0 orhwjlo sanshl. Pma knjl pchts

wara jva drhppjlo systaks, jldcu`jlo9 shca sasnka, shca kulo banl, jltardrhppjlo

(?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl), jltardrhppjlo (16% sasnka-16% kulo banl),

jltardrhppjlo (21% sasnka-?1% kulo banl) nl` sub pchts wara twh cavacs hg waa`

dhltrhc (waa`-graa nl` waa`y). Pma rasucts jl`jdnta` tmnt, rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy hg

sasnka tmrhuomhut tma orhwjlo sanshl wns vnrjnbca grhk 6.07> th >.>::o.KI->

nl`jl ncc drhppjlo systaks wns mjomar tmnl kulo banl. Ncsh, rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy

hg kulo banl wns vnrjnbca grhk 6.421 th >.60=o.KI -> nl` jl ncc jltardrhppjlo

systaks (waa`-graa nl` waa`y) wns mjomar tmnl shca kulo banl. Pma dhkpnrjshl

nkhlo tma `jggaralt drhppjlo systaks ravanca` tmnt, waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo hg

?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl mn` tma mjomast dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhlnbs

CAR

,`k

CAR nl` RQA, spadjnccy dhkpnrjlo th shca drhppjlo systak. Nddhr`jlocy, tma bast

radhkkal`nbca systak ghr jltardrhppjlo hg sasnka nl` kulo banl wns waa`-

graa jltardrhppjlo hg ?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl. Pma dhkpnrjshl batwaal

waa`y systaks nl` waa`-graa systaks ncsh smhwa` tmnt, tma nkhult hg avncunta`

dmnrndtarjstjds ̀ adransa` wjtm vnrjhus waa`s badnusa hg mjom dhkpatjtjhl nl` smnra`

rashurdas. Oalarnccy jt saaks tmnt, almnldakalt hg `jvarsjty nl` dhkpntjbjcjty hg

pcnlts wjtm nvnjcnbca rashurdas, jldransjlo tma agjdjaldy hg rashurdas nl` drantjlo nl

adh-grjal`cy dhkpcaxjty dnusas nl jldransa jl sustnjlnbjcjty hg norhadhsystaks.

Eaywhr`s9 Norh-adhchojdnc npprhndmas5 Adhchojdnc sustnjlnbjcjty5 Jltardrhppjlo

systaks5 Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy5 Pakphrnc `jvarsjty5 Nbshrba` rn`jntjhl5nbs CAR 5 `k CAR 5

Kulo banl5 Norhadhsystaks5 Cang nran jlàx5 Cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt5 @ry knttar5

Cnl` aqujvncalt rntjh


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Avncuntjhl hg Rn`jntjhl Nbshrptjhl nl` usa Agjdjaldy jl Tubstjtutjhl Jltardrhppjlo hg

Tasnka (Tasnkuk Jl`jduk C.) nl̀ Kulo Banl (Wjoln Rn`jntn C.)2/>4

Dhpyrjomt9

©26>7 Ehhdmaej at nc.

Djtntjhl9 Ehhdmaej N, Knmnccntj KL, Thchuej M, Enrbhr T (26>7) Avncuntjhl hg Rn`jntjhl Nbshrptjhl nl` usa Agjdjaldy jl Tubstjtutjhl Jltardrhppjlo hg

Tasnka (Tasnkuk Jl`jduk C.) nl` Kulo Banl (Wjoln Rn`jntn C.). N`v Vcnlts Norjd Ras 4(1)9 66>6:. @HJ9 >6.>1067/npnr.26>7.64.66>6:

nran. Pma dhkphlalt drhps nra tmus dhkpcakaltnry jl tmajr

jltardaptjhl hg cjomt hvar spnda nl` tjka U20[. Jl nl axparjkalt

ncsh raphrta` tmnt, tma jldransa jl rn`jntjhl prhùdtjvjty ghr knjza

( Yan knys C.)—shybanl (Ocydjla knx C.) jltardrhppjlo dhkpnra`wjtm shca drhppjlo wns tma rasuct hg nl jldransa jl rn`jntjhl usa

agjdjaldy nl` hg n kjlhr but sjoljdnltcy jldransa jl rn`jntjhl

dnptura agjdjaldy U21[.

Pma rasucts hg radalt stu`jas jl`jdnta` tmnt, jltardrhppjlo

systak js hla tma agjdjalt drhp prhùdtjhl knlnoakalts wjtm

kjljkuk n`varsa aggadts hl tma alvjrhlkalt, usjlo tma prjldjpcas

hg adhchojdnc norjductura. Hl tma htmar mnl` bnsa` hl tma nbhva

gndts jt saaks tmnt, usa hg pcnlt ̀ jvarsjjdntjhl js n usaguc npprhndm

th ndmjava sustnjlnbca norjductura nl` jldransa hg rashurdas usa

agjdjaldy U27,2?[. Tasnka (Tasnkuk jl`jduk C.) js n kakbar hg

tma gnkjcy Va`ncjndana nl` js nl jkphrtnlt hjcsaa` drhp wjtm orant

dhkkardjnc nttrjbutas by vjrtua hg jts hjc, mnvjlo nl a`jbca quncjty

nl` ka`jdjlnc vncua. Jt yjac`s 16-76% hjc nl` tma hjc js mjomcy stnbcanonjlst rnldj`jty ùa th tma prasalda hg tma lnturnc nltjhxj`nlts

sasnkjl nl` sasnkhcjl U2=,2:[. Ncsh, kulo banl (Wjoln rn`jntn

C.) js nl jkphrtnlt sukkar nllunc caouka drhp nl` jts saa`s nra

n rjdm shurda hg cysjla nl` prhtajls U46,4>[. Th, tmjs rasanrdm wns

nrrnloa` nl` nddhkpcjsma` th avncunta tma rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl

nl` usa agjdjaldy jl substjtutjhl jltardrhppjlo hg Tasnka nl`kulo banl jl n chw jlput systak. Knly sdjaltjjd stu`jas mnva

baal dhlùdta` jl tma dhltaxt hg jltardrhppjlo nl` jts balajdjnc

n`vnltnoas raqujra gurtmar stu`jas.

Kntarjncs nl` Katmh`s

Axparjkaltnc jac`

Pmjs stu`y wns dnrrja` hut th avncunta tma rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl

nl` usa agjdjaldy jl substjtutjhl jltardrhppjlo hg sasnka nl`

kulo banl ùrjlo tma orhwjlo sanshl hg 26>4-26>0 nt tma

rasanrdm gnrk hg gnducty hg norjductura, Gar`hwsj Qljvarsjty hg

Knsmmn`, Jrnl, chdnta` hl Lhrtm cntjtuà hg 47˙, >1ʺ nl` Anst

chlojtuà hg 1:˙, 2=ʺ wjtm :=1 k nctjtuà nbhva san cavac. Pma

axparjkaltnc jac` wns ulàr hronljd gartjcjzars jl tma yanrsbaghra. Rasucts hg tma pmysjdnc nl` dmakjdnc prhpartjas hg jac` shjc

nra raprasalta` jl Pnbca >.

Pnbca >9 Vmysjdnc nl` dmakjdnc prhpartjas hg jac` shjc (6-46 dk).

Thjc taxtura Phtnc L (%) Nvnjcnbca V (ppk) Nvnjcnbca E (ppk) pM Hronljd knttar (%) AD(`T.k->)

Chnk- Tjct 6.6=> >6.: >72.12 =.00 6.== >.>

Axparjkaltnc àsjol nl` drhp knlnoakalt

Pma axparjkalt wns nrrnloa` ns n spcjt pcht bnsa` hl n

rnl`hkjza` dhkpcata bchde àsjol wjtm tmraa rapcjdntjhls. Pma

knjl pchts wara jva drhppjlo systaks, jldcu`jlo9 Thca sasnka,

Thca kulo banl, jltardrhppjlo (?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl),

jltardrhppjlo (16% sasnka-16% kulo banl), jltardrhppjlo

(21% sasnka-?1% kulo banl) nl` sub pchts wara twh cavacs

hg waa` dhltrhc (waa`-graa nl` waa`y). Vcnlts wara ductjvnta`

by mnl`, sjkuctnlahuscy. Ngtar pcnltjlo, Jrrjontjhl wns dnrrja`

hut jkka`jntacy. Pma pcnlt àlsjtjas wara 06 pcnlts. k-2 ghr

shca sasnka nl` 26 pcnlts.k-2 ghr shca kulo banl nl` jltar-rhw

spndjlo wns 6.1 k ghr bhtm pcnlts. Pma rhw rntjhs hg jltardrhppjlo

systaks wara >9>, 49> nl` >94 (substjtutjhl jltardrhppjlo). Vcnlts

wara jrrjonta` avary 7 `nys nl` waa`s wara dhltrhcca` by mnl`

ùrjlo tma `nys ngtar shwjlo. Jl hràr th jkpcakalt nl adhchojdnc

nl` chw-jlput systak, lh dmakjdnc jlputs wara nppcja`.

Axparjkaltnc kansurakalts

Cang nran jlàx (CNJ) nl` ̀ ry knttar (@K)9 Vcnlt snkpcas wara

mnrvasta` avary >1 `nys dhrrasphl`jlo th 7 mnrvasts ùrjlo tma

vaoatntjva stnoas (46, 01, 76, ?1, :6, >61 @NT) by duttjlo pcnl-

ts iust nbhva tma shjc surgnda. Nbhva orhul` `ry knttar wns à-

tarkjla` ngtar hval `ryjlo nt ?6 ˙D ghr 0= m. Cang nran hg sasnka

nl` kulo banl wara kansura` hl tma snka mnrvasts usa` ghr tma

kansurakalt hg nbhva orhul` `ry knttar usjlo n cang nran katar

CJ-4>66D (Cj-Dhr bjhsdjaldas, Cjldhcl, LA QTN).

Rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl nl` usa agjdjaldy9 Tjkuctnlahus wjtm

kansurakalts hg CNJ nl` @K snkpcas, jldjàlt nl` trnlskjtta`

rn`jntjhl hg tma dnlhpy wara kansura` usjlo n cjlanr dapthkatar,

Tul Tdnl Dnlhpy Nlncysjs Tystak (Nddu VNR CV-=6). Ghur kan-

surakalts wara tneal nbhva tma dnlhpy nl` ghur kansurakalts

wara tneal bachw tma dnlhpy by mhc`jlo tma dapthkatar parpal-

`jducnr th tma rhws nt >6946 nk th > pk. @njcy ochbnc rn`jntjhl wns

astjknta` usjlo katmh` dhlsjàrjlo tma `njcy sully mhurs wmjdmwara tneal grhk tma nìndalt katahrhchoy stntjhl U42[.

Pma cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt (E) wns àtarkjla` grhk tma

schpa hg tma cjlanr raorassjhl batwaal tma lnturnc chonrjtmk hg

rn`jntjhl trnlskjssjhl nl` cang nran jlàx U44[.

@njcy rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl wns dncducnta` usjlo Aq. (>-4)

U40,41[.

>( (( E .C ) ( ). )C ) sh sj K K

J J axp E ; − + −− (>)

( . ) ( )

(( . ) ( . )) s s

s j s s K K

E C J J

E C E C;

+ (2)

K j s J J J ; − (4)

_maraj

J nl`j

J nra raspadtjvacy, nkhult hg rn`jntjhl nt

nbhva nl` nbshrba` by jltardrhppjlo Dnlhpy, Js nl` J

K nra

nkhult hg nbshrba` rn`jntjhl by sasnka nl` kulo banl dnlhpy,

raspadtjvacy. s

E nl` K

E nra tma cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt hg

sasnka nl` kulo banl, raspadtjvacy. Cs nl` C

K nra cang nran jlàx

hg sasnka nl` kulo banl.

Jl andm drhppjlo systak, rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy (RQA) wns

astjknta` by tma cjlanr raorassjhl batwaal dukucntjva nkhult hg

rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl (KI.k-2) nl` `ry knttar nddukucntjhl (o.k-

2

) (Gjoura >).

http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.03.00109http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.03.00109


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Dhpyrjomt9




Gjoura >9 Dhlstjtutjva dhkphlalts hg rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.

Cnl` aqujvncalt rntjh (CAR)

Pma cnl` aqujvncalt rntjh wns dncducnta` usjlo Aq. (0 & 1) U47[.

( ) sj kj s K `k s K

sk kk

Z Z CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR

Z Z ; ; ; + (0)

( )kj sj s K nbs s K

kk sk

R R CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR

R R; ; ; + (1)

_mara sj

Z nl`

kkZ

nra tma yjac`s hg sasnka nl` kulo banl,

raspadtjvacy, ns jltardrhppjlo systak nl`kk

Z

nl`kk

Z

nra

tma yjac`s hg shca sasnka nl` shca kulo banl, raspadtjvacy.kj

R

nl`kj

R nra tma nbshrba` rn`jntjhl hg sasnka nl` kulo banl,

raspadtjvacy, ns jltardrhppjlo systak nl` sk

R nl`

`k CAR

nra tma

nbshrba` rn`jntjhl hg sasnka nl` kulo banl, raspadtjvacy, ns shca

drhppjlo systak.`k

CAR nl`

nbs CAR nra tma cnl` aqujvncalt rntjh

ghr `ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl,

raspadtjvacy.

Ttntjstjdnc Nlncysjs

@ntn stntjstjdnc nlncysjs nl` `rnw tma jouras wara parghrka`

by stntjstjdnc shgtwnra Kjljtnb, War. >7, KT Axdac, War. >2 nl` A`rnw

Knx War. 1. Pma kanls wara ncsh dhkpnra` by usjlo @uldnl‚s

kuctjpca rnloa tast nt 1% prhbnbjcjty cavac.

Rasucts nl` @jsdussjhl

Cang nran jlàx (CNJ)

Ns jt js smhwl jl Gjoura 2 & 4, tma rasucts hg avncuntjhl

tral` hg cang nran jlàx (CNJ) ns nggadta` by `jggaralt drhppjlo

systaks ùrjlo tma `nys ngtar shwjlo smhwa` tmnt tma pcnlts

orhwl jl khlhductura (>66% sasnka—6% kulo banl nl` 6%

sasnka—>66% kulo banl) mn` tma mjomast CNJ (0.>4 ghr sasnka

nl` 4.4= ghr kulo banl) jl dhkpnrjshl wjtm htmar drhppjlo

systaks. Ncsh, tma CNJ hg sasnka jl jltardrhppjlo hg 21%

sasnka—?1% kulo banl nl` CNJ hg kulo banl jl jltardrhppjlo

hg ?1% sasnka—21% kulo banl wns nt tma chwast nkhult by

>.>6 nl` 6.71, raspadtjvacy. Tjlda tma cang nran jlàx js aqunc th

tma rntjh hg cang nran th tma orhul` nran wmjdm canvas smnà hl

tmnt, dartnjlcy by jldransjlo tma lukbar hg pcnlts par uljt nran,

cang nran jlàx ncsh jldransas. Th, tma raùdtjhl hg CNJ kny ba ùa

th tma raùdtjhl hg lukbar hg pcnlts par uljt nran jl substjtutjhl

jltardrhppjlo systaks jl dhkpnrjshl wjtm khlhductura systak.

Ncsh, tma rasucts hg dhkpnrjshl batwaal waa`y systaks nl`

waa`-graa systaks smhwa` tmnt, tma nkhult hg CNJ àdransa`

wjtm vnrjhus waa`s badnusa hg jldransjlo dhkpatjtjhl nl` smnra`

rashurdas.



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Dhpyrjomt9




Gjoura 29 Tasnka CNJ ̀ urjlo tma ̀ nys ngtar shwjlo.

(N)9 _aa`-graa jltardrhppjlo systaks nl` (B)9 _aa`y jltardrhppjlo systaks.

(T)9 Tasnka nl` (K)9 Kulo banl.

Gjoura 49 Kulo banl CNJ ̀ urjlo tma ̀ nys ngtar shwjlo.



Cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt (E)

Nddhr`jlo th tma `ntn phjlts wmjdm wara hbtnjla` grhk

khlhductura, tma cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt hg sasnka nl` kulo

banl wns astjknta` 6.7= nl` 6.17, raspadtjvacy (Gjoura 0). Pma

sdjaltjsts raphrta` tmnt, tma khst jkphrtnlt aggadtjva gndthrs

hl cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt nra jldcu`jlo9 alvjrhlkaltnc

dhl`jtjhls, nloca hg tma sul, nloca hg tma canvas nl` cang nran U4?[.

Jl nlhtmar rasanrdm ncsh raphrta` tmnt, by raùdjlo cjomt axtjldtjhl

dhagjdjalt, cjomt palatrntjhl jlth tma dnlhpy jldransas, sh jt kny

dnusas khra rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl by canvas U4=[. Jl racntjhl th

rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy hg panlut ( Nrndmjs myphonan C.) raphrta`

tmnt, by jldransjlo hg cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt, rn`jntjhl usa

agjdjaldy àdransa` U4:[.

Rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl

Pma rasucts ravanca` tmnt, waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo hg

?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl mn` tma mjomast nkhult hg

dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl (:0=.61 KI.k-2) jl dhkpnrjshl

wjtm htmar drhppjlo systaks (Pnbca 2). Jt kny ba racnta` th

usaguc cjomt `jstrjbutjhl jlsjà jltardrhppjlo systaks nl` khra



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Dhpyrjomt9




n`nptntjhl hg jltardrhppjlo dnlhpy wjtm nvnjcnbca nkhult hg

cjomt. Ncsh jt saaks tmnt, Vcnlts jl jltardrhppjlo systaks ̀ ua th tma

`jggaralt adhchojdnc ljdmas, nbca th hddupy ncc akpty ljdmas nt canst

tjka nl` tmjs phjlt almnldas tma radajva` cjomt by jltardrhppjlodnlhpy jl dhkpnrjshl wjtm shca drhppjlo. Pma rasucts hg n stu`y

jl`jdnta` tmnt, tma knjl balajt hg jltardrhppjlo jl dhkpnrjshl

wjtm shca drhppjlo js jldransa hg nbshrba` rn`jntjhl nl` agjdjalt

usa hg rn`jntjhl par uljt nran U06[.

@ry knttar nddukucntjhl

Pma rasucts hg avncuntjhl tral` hg `ry knttar nddukucntjhl

ns nggadta` by `jggaralt drhppjlo systaks ùrjlo tma `nys ngtar

shwjlo smhwa` tmnt waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo hg ?1% sasnka-21%

kulo banl nl` waa`y jltardrhppjlo hg 21% sasnka-?1%

kulo banl mn` tma mjomast (>6>:.2= o.k-2) nl` tma chwast(>7=.?7 o.k-2) `ry knttar nddukucntjhl, raspadtjvacy (Pnbca 4).

_aa`y systaks ncsh jl`jdnta` tmnt, waa`s mn` sjoljjdnlt jkpndts

hl raùdtjhl hg sasnka nl` kulo banl `ry knttar nddukucntjhl.

Hl tma hla mnl`, by jldransjlo prhphrtjhl hg kulo banl jl

jltardrhppjlo systaks (16% sasnka— 16% kulo banl nl` 21%

sasnka-?1% kulo banl), nkhult hg thtnc ̀ ry knttar ̀ adransa` jl

tma wmhca systak (Gjoura 1 & 7). Jt kny ba racnta` th cass bjhknss

prhùdtjhl hg kulo banl jl dhkpnrjshl wjtm sasnka.

Gjoura 09 Pma astjknta` vncua hg cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt jl sasnka nl` kulo banl.

J69 tma jldjàlt rn`jntjhl nt thp hg tma dnlhpy nl` J9 tma rn`jntjhl trnlskjtta` by tma oraal dnlhpy.

@ntn phjlts wara hbtnjla` grhk khlhductura.

Gjoura 19 Tasnka ̀ ry knttar nddukucntjhl ̀ urjlo tma `nys ngtar shwjlo.





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Gjoura 79 Kulo banl ̀ ry knttar nddukucntjhl ̀ urjlo tma ̀ nys ngtar shwjlo systaks.



Pnbca 29 Dukucntjva nbshrba` Rn`jntjhl (KI.k-2) hg Tasnka nl` Kulo banl jl khlh nl` jltardrhppjlo systaks.

Prantkalt

Dukucntjva Nbshrba`

Rn`jntjhl by

Jltardrhppjlo Dnlhpy

(KI.K-2)

Dukucntjva Nbshrba`

Rn`jntjhl by Tasnka

Dnlhpy (KI.K-2)

Dukucntjva Nbshrba`

Rn`jntjhl by Kulo Banl

Dnlhpy (KI.K-2)

CARnbs

_aa` dhltrhc systak_aa`-graa :>?.2> 7=>.>: 076.40 >n

_aa`y 002.01 464.=2 2==.40 6.:>b

Drhppjlo systak

Khlhdrhp hg Tasnka - ?6:.=1 - >n

Khlhdrhp hg Kulo banl - - ?>=.64 >n

(?1% Tasnka - 21% Kulo banl) ?>2.:0 76>.?= >>>.>1 6.::n

(16% Tasnka - 16% Kulo banl) 7?4.77 04:.? 244.:7 6.:2b

(21% Tasnka - ?1% Kulo banl) 712.=: 2>=.7? 040.22 6.==b

_aa` dhltrhc systak ß Drhppjlo systak

Khlhdrhp hg Tasnka _> - :4:.7= - >n

Khlhdrhp hg Tasnka _2 - 0=6.64 - >n

Khlhdrhp hg Kulo banl _> - - =?0.= >n

Khlhdrhp hg Kulo banl _2 - - 17>.21 >n

(?1% Tasnka - 21% Kulo banl) _> :0=.61 =>6.4: >4?.77 >.62n

(?1% Tasnka - 21% Kulo banl) _2 0??.=2 4:4.>? =0.71 6.:?n

(16% Tasnka - 16% Kulo banl) _> :>:.?7 744.>1 2=7.7> >n

(16% Tasnka - 16% Kulo banl) _2 02?.17 207.21 >=>.4> 6.=0nb

(21% Tasnka - ?1% Kulo banl) _> ==4.=> 40>.14 102.2= 6.:=n

(21% Tasnka - ?1% Kulo banl) _2 02>.:? :1.=> 427.>7 6.?=b



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Tasnka (Tasnkuk Jl`jduk C.) nl̀ Kulo Banl (Wjoln Rn`jntn C.)?/>4

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Pnbca 49 @ry knttar nddukucntjhl (o.k-2) hg Tasnka nl` Kulo banl jl khlh nl` jltardrhppjlo systaks.

Prantkalt

Kanl @ry Knttar

Nddukucntjhl hg

Jltardrhppjlo

(O.K-2)

Kanl @ry Knttar Nddukucntjhl hg

Tasnka (O.K-2)

Kanl @ry Knttar Nddukucntjhl hg

Kulo Banl (O.K-2)

CAR`k

_aa` dhltrhc systak

_aa`-graa =12.4? 7=4.>7 >7?.10 >.6:n

_aa`y 262.?7 >12.02 0?.>: >b

Drhppjlo systak

Khlhdnrp hg Tasnka - 762.0:1 - >b

Khlhdnrp hg Kulo banl - - 44>.>= >b

(?1% Tasnka - 21% Kulo banl) 72:.>: 100.?? =0.1? >.>1n

(16% Tasnka - 16% Kulo banl) 141.62 47?.1 >7?.12 >.6?b

(21% Tasnka - ?1% Kulo banl) 0>=.40 >17.4: 27>.:1 >.6>b

_aa` dhltrhc systak ß Drhppjlo systak

Khlhdnrp hg Tasnka _> - :??.07 - >bd

Khlhdnrp hg Tasnka _2 - 22?.14 - >bd

Khlhdnrp hg Kulo banl _> - - 0:6.?2 >bd

Khlhdnrp hg Kulo banl _2 - - >?>.70 >bd

(?1% Tasnka - 21% Kulo banl) _> >6>:.2= ==?.1 >4>.?= >.>=n

(?1% Tasnka - 21% Kulo banl) _2 24:.4: 262.64 4?.47 >.>>nb

(16% Tasnka - 16% Kulo banl) _> =7:.:2 76=.2 27>.?2 >.>7n

(16% Tasnka - 16% Kulo banl) _2 266.>2 >27.= ?4.42 6.:=bd

(21% Tasnka - ?1% Kulo banl) _> 77?.:2 21:.0? 06=.01 >.>6nb

(21% Tasnka - ?1% Kulo banl) _2 >7=.?7 14.42 >>1.00 6.:>d

Pma rasuct hg nl axparjkalt jl racntjhl th jltardrhppjlo hg

sasnka nl` kulo banl ravanca` tmnt, tma nkhult hg sasnka

dukucntjva `ry knttar ùrjlo tma `jggaralt orhwtm stnoas

jldransa` jl jltardrhppjlo systak U0>[. Pma rasucts hg n rasanrdm

jl`jdnta` tmnt, jltardrhppjlo 16% sasnka+16% banls mn` tma

mjomast yjac` nl` mn` lh sjoljjdnlt `jggaralda wjtm khlhductura

hg Tasnka U02[. Jl nlhtmar stu`y raphrta` tmnt, `ry knttar

prhùdtjhl jl lhl-strass dhl`jtjhls js n guldtjhl hg tjka nl` tmadhkpjcntjhl hg radajva` pmhthsyltmatjd ndtjva rn`jntjhl, grndtjhl

hg nbshrba` rn`jntjhl nl` rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy. Ncsh, Mnrvast

jlàx ns nl jkphrtnlt dhkphlalt hg drhps ba n`à` th tma nbhva

gndthrs U04[.

nbs CAR

nl`

nbs CAR

Jl hràr th avncuntjhl hg jltardrhppjlo systaks, `jggaralt

katmh`s nra usa` nl` tma bnsjs hg tmasa katmh`s js ncwnys

dhkpnrjlo jltardrhppjlo systak th shca drhppjlo systak. Hla hg

tma khst pravncalt jl`jdas th àsdrjba tma yjac` n`vnltnoas js tma

cnl` aqujvncalt rntjh tmnt js racnta` th agjdjaldy hg jltardrhppjlo

systak nl` wmal CAR js orantar tmnl hla tma jltardrhppjlo

gnvhrs tma orhwtm nl` yjac` hg tma jltardrhppa` spadjas, wmarans

wmal CAR js chwar tmnl hla tma jltardrhppjlo laontjvacy nggadts

tma orhwtm nl` yjac` hg tma spadjas U00[. Nddhr`jlocy, tma cnl`

aqujvncalt rntjh wns dncducnta` ghr `ry knttar nddukucntjhl

nl` dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl jl tmjs rasanrdm (Pnbca

2 & 4). Pma rasucts smhwa` tmnt, tma mjomast (>.>=) nl` tma

chwast (6.:>)nbs

CAR

wns racnta` th waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo

hg ?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl nl` waa`y jltardrhppjlo hg

21% sasnka-?1% kulo banl, raspadtjvacy (Pnbca 4). Nddhr`jloth tnbca 2, tma mjomastnbs

CAR (>.62) wns racnta` th waa`-graa

jltardrhppjlo hg ?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl. Nbhut tma

balajdjnc nspadts hg jltardrhppjlo nl` jldransa hg CAR raphrta`

tmnt, tma suparjhrjty hg tmjs adhchojdnc dhldapt àpal`s hl tma

dmhjda hg dhkpntjbca pcnlts th tma kjljkuk dhkpatjtjhl nl`

tma knxjkuk nsshdjntjhl, nppcjdntjhl hg npprhprjnta drhp

knlnoakalt sudm ns tma pcnlt àlsjty nl` kjxjlo rntjh U01,07[.

Ttu`y hg substjtutjhl nl` n``jtjva jltardrhppjlo hg Tasnka

(Tasnkuk jl`jduk C.) nl` Dnllnbjs (Dnllnbjs sntjvn C.)

smhwa` tmnt, ùa th tma smn`jlo hg dnllnbjs hl sasnka dnlhpy

nl` pravaltjlo tma cjomt nbshrptjhl, tma orhwtm hg sasnka

àdransa`. @aspjta tmjs raùdtjhl, jltardrhppjlo mn` phsjtjva



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aggadts hl Dnllnbjs nl` tma khst trantkalts mn` CAR U0?[.

Jl racntjhl th dhkpatjtjva bamnvjhrs jl jltardrhppjlo hg sasnka

nl` Vanlut ( Nrndmjs myphonan) raphrta` tmnt, jltardrhppjlo hg

77% sasnka-44% panlut mn` tma mjomast CAR jl dhkpnrjshl

wjtm htmar trantkalts U0=[. Pma rasucts hg nlhtmar rasanrdm nbhut

sasnka jltardrhppjlo wjtm kulo banl, panlut nl` sulchwar

(Macjnltmus nlluus C.) ncsh ravanca` tmnt, sasnka nl` panlut

jltardrhppjlo mn` tma knxjkuk CAR U0:[.

Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy (RQA)

Pma knxjkuk rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy (>.>::o.KI->) hbtnjla`

jl waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo hg ?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl

(Gjoura ?). Pma rasucts hg sasnka RQA jl waa`y jltardrhppjlo

systaks ncsh smhwa` tmnt, nkhult hg RQA wns jkprhva` jl

ncc jltardrhppjlo systaks jl dhkpnrjshl wjtm shca drhppjlo

systak (Gjoura =). RQA hg Kulo banl `urjlo tma orhwtm stnoas

wns vnrjnbca grhk 6.76= th >.60=o.KI-> nl` 6.421 th 6.1>7 o.KI-

> ghr waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo systaks nl` waa`y jltardrhppjlo

systaks, raspadtjvacy (Gjoura : & >6). Pma kanl dhkpnrjshl

hg sasnka nl` kulo banl RQA nkhlo tma `jggaralt waa`-graa

jltardrhppjlo systaks jl`jdnta` tmnt, tmara wns n sjoljjdnlt aggadt

batwaal `jggaralt drhppjlo systaks nl` RQA jl jltardrhppjlo hg

?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl wns hbvjhuscy mjomar tmnl htmar

drhppjlo systaks (Gjoura >>). Ncsh nddhr`jlo th Gjoura >2, RQA

jl ncc waa`y jltardrhppjlo systaks wns mjomar tmnl shca drhppjlo.

Gjoura ?9 Cjlanr raorassjhl batwaal ̀ ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl hg Tasnka.

Pma schpa hg raorassjhl jl`jdntas Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.

(N)9 _aa`-graa jltardrhppjlo systaks. (T)9 Tasnka nl` (K)9 Kulo banl.

Gjoura =9 Cjlanr raorassjhl batwaal ̀ ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl hg Tasnka.

Pma schpa hg raorassjhl jl`jdntas Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.

(B)9 _aa`y jltardrhppjlo systaks. (T)9 Tasnka nl` (K)9 Kulo banl.



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Gjoura :9 Cjlanr raorassjhl batwaal `ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl hg Kulo banl. Pma schpa hg raorassjhl jl`jdntas

Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.

(N)9 _aa`-graa jltardrhppjlo systaks. (T)9 Tasnka nl` (K)9 Kulo banl.

Gjoura >69 Cjlanr raorassjhl batwaal ̀ ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl hg Kulo banl. Pma schpa hg raorassjhl jl`jdntas

Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.

(B)9 _aa`y jltardrhppjlo systaks. (T)9 Tasnka nl` (K)9 Kulo banl.



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Tasnka (Tasnkuk Jl`jduk C.) nl̀ Kulo Banl (Wjoln Rn`jntn C.)>6/>4

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Gjoura >>9 Pma kanl dhkpnrjshl hg sasnka nl` kulo banl rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.


Kanls hg andm bnr ghcchwa` by sjkjcnr cattars nra lht sjoljjdnltcy `jggaralt (@uldnl 1%).

Gjoura >29 Pma kanl dhkpnrjshl hg sasnka nl` kulo banl rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.


Kanls hg andm bnr ghcchwa` by sjkjcnr cattars nra lht sjoljjdnltcy `jggaralt (@uldnl 1%).



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Tasnka (Tasnkuk Jl`jduk C.) nl̀ Kulo Banl (Wjoln Rn`jntn C.)>>/>4

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Pma rasuct hg tmjs rasanrdm wns guccy jl noraakalt wjtm tmhsa

hbtnjla` by Pasgnya at nc. U16[. Pmay raphrta` tmnt, nkhlo

tma `jggaralt D4 pcnlts, lhl-caouka spadjas mnva mjomar RQA

tmnl caouka spadjas. Orhwtm nl` yjac` hg dhkphlalt drhps

jl jltardrhppjlo nra àpalà` hl alvjrhlkaltnc rashurdas

nvnjcnbjcjty nl` wmal htmar rashurdas (a.o. wntar nl` lutrjalts)

nra lht savaracy cjkjtjlo drhp orhwtm, shcnr rn`jntjhl js n knihr

rashurda àtarkjljlo prhùdtjvjty hg jltardrhppjlo systaks U1>[.

Ncsh, tma mjom prhùdtjvjty hg jltardrhppjlo js hgtal axpcnjla` by

prhdassas nbhva tma shjc surgnda, sudm ns tma cjomt jltardaptjhl nl`

rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy U12[.

Pma rasuct hg n rasanrdm jl racntjhl th avncuntjhl hg rn`jntjhl

usa agjdjaldy jl sasnka nl` dmjdepan (Djdar nrjatjluk C.) ravanca`

tmnt, sasnka RQA jl ncc jltardrhppjlo trantkalts wns mjomar tmnl

shca sasnka U14[. Jl nlhtmar stu`y raphrta` tmnt, bnsjc (Hdjkuk

bnsjcjduk C.) nl` banl (Vmnsahcus vuconrjs C.) jltardrhppjlo

dnusa` nl jldransa jl RQA dhkpara` th shca drhppjlo U10[. Pma

balajdjnc aggadts hg jltardrhppjlo hl rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldymnva baal raphrta` jl knly stu`jas U11,17[. Hvarncc, tma khst

sjoljjdnlt n`vnltnoa hg jltardrhppjlo js almnldjlo rashurdas

usa nl` uptnea agjdjaldy, aspadjnccy cjomt. Hg dhursa, tma usa hg

tmasa balajts raqujras nl npprhprjnta àsjol nl` prhpar pcnlts

sacadtjhl jl jltardrhppjlo systaks U1?[.

Vcnlt `ry knttar prhùdtjhl hgtal smhws n phsjtjva dhrracntjhl

wjtm tma nkhult hg rn`jntjhl jltardapta` by drhps jl bhtm shca

drhppjlo nl` jltardrhppjlo systaks. Hl tma htmar mnl`, ̀ ry knttar

nddukucntjhl js n kuctjpcjdntjhl hg hptjknc cavac hg nbshrba`

rn`jntjhl nl` rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy ( ) nbs

@K RQA J ; ß . Th, jt

dnl ba dhldcuà` tmnt, tma phssjbjcjty hg jldransa jl dukucntjva

`ry knttar wjcc ba phssjbca tmrhuom jkprhvakalt hg rn`jntjhl

nbshrptjhl nl` nkpcjjdntjhl hg rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy. Pmarasucts hg nl axparjkalt jl racntjhl th jlvastjontjlo hg rn`jntjhl

usa agjdjaldy jl jltardrhppjlo hg wmant (Prjrjduk nastjvuk C.) nl`

dnlhcn (Brnssjdn lnpus C.) ravanca` tmnt, rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy

jl jltardrhppjlo systak wns khra tmnl shca drhppjlo systak nl`

jldransa hg rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy jl jltardrhppjlo trantkalts

wns ùa th tma rnpj` dchsjlo hg dnlhpy nl` battar dhvar hg shjc jl

jltardrhppjlo systak U1=[. Kanls hg andm bnr ghcchwa` by sjkjcnr

cattars nra lht sjoljjdnltcy `jggaralt (@uldnl 1%).

Dhldcusjhl

Rasucts smhwa` tmnt, cang nran jlàx àdransa` wjtm vnrjhus

waa`s badnusa hg jldransjlo dhkpatjtjhl nl` smnra` rashurdas

(Gjoura 2 & 4). Pma cjomt axtjldtjhl dhagjdjalt hg sasnka nl`

kulo banl wns astjknta` 6.7= nl` 6.17, raspadtjvacy (Gjoura

0). _aa`-graa jltardrhppjlo hg ?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl

mn` tma mjomast nkhult hg dukucntjva nbshrba` rn`jntjhl

(Pnbca 2). _aa`s mn` sjoljjdnlt jkpndts hl raùdtjhl hg

sasnka nl` kulo banl `ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` by

jldransjlo prhphrtjhl hg kulo banl jl jltardrhppjlo systaks,

nkhult hg thtnc `ry knttar àdransa` jl tma wmhca systak. Pma

mjomast nkhult hgnbs

CAR nl`

`k CAR

wns racnta` th waa`-graa

jltardrhppjlo hg ?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl by >.>= nl` >.62,

raspadtjvacy. Nkhult hg sasnka nl` kulo banl RQA ùrjlo tma

orhwtm stnoas wns vnrjnbca grhk 6.07> th >.>::o.KI -> nl` 6.421

th >.60=o.KI->, raspadtjvacy (Gjoura ? & =). Ncsh, tma knxjkuk

rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy hbtnjla` jl waa`-graa jltardrhppjlo hg

?1% sasnka-21% kulo banl (Gjoura ?). Ns n oalarnc prhphsjtjhl

dnl ba lhta` tmnt, wa smhuc` àsjol hur bamnvjhrs bnsa` hl tma

`jvarsjty dhlsarvntjhl nl` tmasa bamnvjhrs smhuc` ba knljgasta`

jl cnl` usa nl` tma wnys th ndmjava sustnjlnbca àvachpkalt. Th,

wa smhuc` strjva ghr prhtadtjhl hg ̀ jvarsjty ns gnr ns wa dnl nl` ba

kjl`guc tmnt, avary àdjsjhl tmnt wa knea, wjcc mnva jrrapnrnbca

dhlsaqualdas ghr gutura oalarntjhls.

Ragaraldas

>. Ocjassknl TR (>::6) Norhadhchoy9 Rasanrdmjlo tma adhchojdnc bnsjs

ghr sustnjlnbca norjductura. Tprjloar-Warcno, Law Zhre, QTN, pp. 4=6.

2. Lnssjrj Knmnccntj K, Ehhdmaej N, Razvnlj Khomn``nk V, Bamasmtj N

(266>) Norhadhchoy (Norhadhchoy9 Rasanrdmjlo tma adhchojdnc bnsjs

ghr sustnjlnbca norjductura by Ocjassknl, T. R. >::6. Prnlscnta` jlth

Varsjnl). Gar`hwsj Qljvarsjty hg Knsmmn` Vubcjdntjhl. pp. 01:.

4. Nwnc K N, Ehsmj M, Jea`n P (2667) Rn`jntjhl jltardaptjhl nl` usa by

knjza/panlut jltardrhp dnlhpy. Norjducturnc nl` Ghrast Katahrhch-oy >4:(>-2)9 ?0-=4.

0. Palobaro N, Accjs-Ihlas I, Ejhka R, Tthdejlo K (>::=) Nppcyjlo tma

dhldapt hg norh`jvarsjty th jl`joalhus shjc nl` wntar dhlsarvntjhl

prndtjdas jl anstarl Ealyn. Norjductura, Adhsystaks nl` Alvjrhl-

kalt ?6(2-4)9 21:-2?2.

1. Vjla`h-Wnsquaz K, Vn`hdm, D, KdOrntm @, ]jkalas P (2666) Bjh-

`jvarsjty ns n prhùdt hg skncc mhcàr‚s strntaojas ghr hvardhkjlo

dmnloas jl tmajr lnturnc nl` shdjnc cnl`sdnpas9 n raphrt prapnra` by

tma Nknzhljn Dcustar. VCAD Laws nl` Wjaws >19 :->:.

7. Brhhejac` M, Tthdejlo K (>:::) Norh`jvarsjty9 àjljtjhl, àsdrjp-

tjhl nl` àsjol. Ochbnc Alvjrhlkaltnc Dmnloa :(2)9 ??-=6.

?. Wnlàrkaar I, Vargadth J (>::1) Branegnst hg bjh`jvarsjty9 tma trutm

nbhut rnjlghrast àstrudtjhl. Ghh` Gjrst Bhhes, Hnecnl`, QTN, pp.>=1.

=. Nctjarj K N (>:::) Pma adhchojdnc rhca hg bjh`jvarsjty jl norhadhsys-

taks. Norjductura, Adhsystaks nl` Alvjrhlkalt ?0(>-4)9 >:-4>.

:. Knznmarj @, Kn`nlj N, Hvaysj K (2667) Nssassjlo tma cnl` aqujv-

ncalt rntjh (CAR) hg twh Dhrl (Yan knys C.) vnrjatjas jltardrhppjlo

nt vnrjhus ljtrhoal cavacs jl Enrni, Jrnl. Ihurlnc hg Daltrnc Aurhpanl

Norjductura ?(2)9 41:-470.

>6. Khusnvj TR, Asenl`nrj M (26>>) N oalarnc hvarvjaw hl jltardrhp-

pjlo nl` jts n`vnltnoas jl sustnjlnbca norjductura. I Nppc Alvjrhl

Bjhc Tdj >(>>)9 0=2-0=7.

>>. _jccay R_ (>:?:) Jltardrhppjlo9 jts jkphrtnlda nl` rasanrdm laa`s.

Vnrt >. Dhkpatjtjhl nl` yjac` n`vnltnoas. Gjac` Drhp Nbstrndts 429

>->6.

>2. Hghrj G, Ttarl _R (>:=?) Daranc-Caouka jltardrhppjlo systaks. N -̀

vnldas jl Norhlhky 0>9 0>-:6.

>4. Jlljs @ ^ (>::?) Jltardrhppjlo nl` sdjaltjjd bnsjs hg trǹ jtjhlnc no-

rjductura. Jltarka`jnta Padmlhchoy pubcjdntjhl Ct`. QE, p. >-44.

>0. Psubh K, _ncear T, Kuemncn A (266>) Dhkpnrjshls hg rn`jntjhl usa

agjdjaldy hg khlh-/jltar-drhppjlo systaks wjtm `jggaralt rhw hrj-

altntjhls. Gjac` Drhps Rasanrdm ?>(>)9 >?-2:.

>1. _nlo Y, Ymnh ], _u V, Ma I, Onh Z, at nc. (26>1) Rn`jntjhl jltardaptjhl

nl` utjcjzntjhl by wmant/knjza strjp jltardrhppjlo systaks. Norjduc-

turnc nl` Ghrast Katahrhchoy 2609 1=-77.

http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.03.00109http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461279341http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461279341http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378099000047http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378099000047http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378099000047http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880999000286http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880999000286http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880999000286http://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192315000325http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001423http://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,%201(11)482-486,%202011.pdfhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880999000286http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880999000286http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378099000047http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378099000047http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880998001534http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192306001523http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461279341http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461279341http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.03.00109


12/13



Dhpyrjomt9




>7. _ncear T, Hojl`h MH (2664) Pma wntar buòat hg rnjlga` knjza nl`

banl jltardrhp. Vmys Dmak Anrtm 2=(26-2?)9 :>:-:27.

>?. Hkheh K, Mnkkhl` C D (26>6) Bjhchojdnc nl` wntar-usa agjdjal-

djas hg shromuk-orhul`lut jltardrhp. Dnkarhhl Ihurlnc hg Axparj-

kaltnc Bjhchoy 7(>)9 >->6.

>=. Rhwa A D, Lhhr`wjie KW, Tuprnyhoh @, Dn`jsdm O (2661) Ljtrhoal

usa agjdjaldy hg khlhductura nl` maòarhw jltardrhppjlo jl tma

mukj` trhpjds. Vcnlt Thjc 27=(>)9 7>-?0.

>:. Cntntj K, Bnronz N, Bacnrbj B, Cnzncj K (26>7) Pma jltardrhppjlo

dhkkhl banl wjtm knjza jkprhvas tma rmjzhbjnc adjaldy, rashurda

usa nl` ornjl yjac` ulàr chw pmhspmhrus nvnjcnbjcjty. Aurhpanl

Ihurlnc hg Norhlhky ?29 =6-:6.

26. Ehhdmaej N, Cncamonlj B, Lnijbljn T (266:) Avncuntjhl hg prhùd -

tjvjty jl banl nl` dhrl jltardrhppjlo. Jrnljnl Ihurlnc hg Gjac` Drhp

Rasanrdmas ?(2)9 761-7>0.

2>. @a cn Gualta A B, Tuîraz T N, Calnr`js N A, Vhoojh T C (26>0) Jl-

tardrhppjlo Tulflhwar nl` Thybanl jl jltalsjva gnrkjlo systaks9

Avncuntjlo yjac` n`vnltnoa nl` aggadt hl waa` nl` jlsadt nssakbcn-

oas. LINT - _noaljloal Ihurlnc hg Cjga Tdjaldas ?6-?>9 0?-12.

22. Mnuoonnr`-Ljacsal M, Nkbus V, Ialsal A T (266>) Jltarspadjjd dhk-

patjtjhl, L usa nl` jltargaralda wjtm waa`s jl pan—bnrcay jltardrhp-

pjlo. Gjac` Drhps Rasanrdm ?6(2)9 >6>->6:.

24. Onh Z, @unl N, ̂ ju ], Tul I, Ymnlo I, at nc. (26>6) @jstrjbutjhl nl` usa

adjaldy hg pmhthsyltmatjdnccy ndtjva rn`jntjhl jl strjp jltardrhp -

pjlo hg Knjza nl` Thybanl. Norhlhky Ihurlnc >62(0)9 >>0:->>1?.

20. Ymnlo C, Wnlàr _arg _, Bnstjnnls C, Ymnlo T, Cj B, at nc. (266=) Cjomt

jltardaptjhl nl` utjcjzntjhl jl racny jltardrhps hg wmant nl` dhtthl.

Gjac` Drhps Rasanrdm >6?(>)9 2:-02.

21. Dhcc C, Darru`h N, Rjzznccj R, Khlzhl IV, Nl`rnà GM (26>2) Dnptura

nl` usa hg wntar nl` rn`jntjhl jl sukkar jltardrhps jl tma shutm-

anst Vnkpns hg Nroaltjln. Gjac` Drhps Rasanrdm >409 >61->>4.

27. Rh`rjoh WMC, Ttjrcjlo DK, Paecamnjknlht Y, Luonwacn N (266>) Jl-

tardrhppjlo wjtm bnlnln th jkprhva grndtjhlnc jltardaptjhl nl` rn -

`jntjhl-usa agjdjaldy hg jkkntura rubbar pcnltntjhls. Gjac` Drhps

Rasanrdm 7:(4)9 24?-20:.

2?. Dahtth A, Dnstaccj G (2662) Rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy jl cua-dura` th-

bnddh (Ljdhtjnln tnbnduk C.)9 rasphlsa th ljtrhoal suppcy, dcjknta

vnrjnbjcjty nl` sjle cjkjtntjhls. Gjac` Drhps Rasanrdm ?0(2-4)9 >>?-

>46.

2=. Bhom`n`y KT, Lnssnr RKN, Nmka` GN (26>2) Rasphlsa hg Tasnka

Vcnlt (Tasnkuk hrjaltnca C.) th Prantkalts wjtm Kjlarnc nl` Bjh-

-Gartjcjzars. Rasanrdm Ihurlnc hg Norjductura nl` Bjhchojdnc Tdjaldas

=(2)9 >2?->4?.

2:. Bnbnijà VN, Hyacaea HR (26>0) Avncuntjhl hg sasnka (Tasnkuk

jl`jduk) ghr hptjkuk ljtrhoal raqujrakalt ulàr usunc gnrkars‚

prndtjda hg bnsnc hronljd knlurjlo jl tma snvnlln adhraojhl hg Ljoa-

rjn. Ihurlnc hg Lnturnc Tdjaldas Rasanrdm 0(>?)9 >22->42.

46. Nliuk KT, Nmka` YJ, Rnug DN (2667) Aggadt hg Rmjzhbjuk jlhducn-

tjhl nl` ljtrhoal gartjcjzar hl yjac` nl` yjac` dhkphlalts hg kulo

banl. Jltarlntjhlnc Ihurlnc hg Norjductura nl` Bjhchoy =(2)9 24=-

206.

4>. Tmaear-Ehhmj T, Lnsrhccnmznàm T (26>0) Avncuntjhl hg yjac` nl`

n`vnltnoa jl`jdas hg shromuk (Thromuk bjdhchr C.) nl` kulo banl

(Wjoln rn`jnta C.) jltardrhppjlo systaks. Jltarlntjhlnc ihurlnc hg

N`vnldà Bjhchojdnc nl` Bjhka`jdnc Rasanrdm 2(>)9 >1>->76.

42. Ohu`rjnnl I, Wnl Cnnr MM (>::0) Khàcjlo Vhtaltjnc Orhwtm Vrhdas-

sas. Ecuwar Ndnàkjd Vubcjsmars, 2.

44. Khltajtm IC (>:71) Rn`jntjhl nl` drhps. Axparjkaltnc Norjductura

>(0)9 20>-21>.

40. Eantjlo BN, Dnrbarry VT (>::4) Rashurda dnptura nl` usa jl jltar-drhppjlo9 shcnr rn`jntjhl. Gjac` Drhps Ras 40(4-0)9 2?4-46>.

41. Psubh K, _ncear T, Hojl`h MH (2661) N sjkucntjhl khàc hg daranc-

-caouka jltardrhppjlo systaks ghr sakjnrj` raojhls J. Khàc ̀ avach-

pkalt. Gjac` Drhps Rasanrdm :4(>)9 >6-22.

47. Kan` R, _jccay R_ (>:=6) Pma dhldapt hg n cnl` aqujvncalt rntjh

nl` n`vnltnoas jl yjac`s ghr jltardrhppjlo. Axparjkaltnc Norjductu-

ra >7(4)9 2>?-22=.

4?. Orng B, Outjarraz NV, Rnehthba H, Ynmlar V, @acuddmj W (>::6) N sjk-

ucntjhl khàc ghr tma `ylnkjds hg rjda orhwtm nl` àvachpkalt.

Vnrt JJ. Pma dhkpatjtjhl wjtm waa`s ghr ljtrhoal nl` cjomt. Norjduc -

turnc Tystaks 42(0)9 47?-4:2.

4=. Ejljry IR, Kd Dnucay O, ]ja Z, Nrlhrc IO (266>) Rjda pnrnkatars à-

sdrjbjlo drhp parghrknlda hg ghur Q.T. ductjvnrs. Norhlhky Ihurlnc:49 >410->47>.

4:. Bacc KI, _rjomt OD, Mnrdm OR (>::4) Alvjrhlkaltnc nl` norhlhkjd

aggadts hl tma orhwtm hg ghur panlut ductjvnrs jl n subtrhpjdnc al -

vjrhlkalt J. @ry knttar nddukucntjhl nl` rn`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy.

Axparjkaltnc Norjductura 2:(0)9 0?4-0:6.

06. Ba`hussnd C, Iustas A (26>6) @ylnkjd nlncysjs hg dhkpatjtjhl nl`

dhkpcakaltnrjcy ghr cjomt nl` L usa th ulàrstnl` tma yjac` nl` tma

prhtajl dhltalt hg n ùruk wmant-wjltar pan jltardrhp. Tprjloar

Vcnlt Thjc 446(>)9 4?-10.

0>. Vrninpnt E, Tmjvrnl ND, Dmhu`mnry OC, Euknwnt T (26>2) Orhwtm

nl` prhùdtjvjty hg Tasnka (Tasnkuk jl`jduk) ns jlcualda` by jl-

tardrhppjlo wjtm Kulo banl (Wjoln rn`jntn) nl` sucpmur gartjcjzn-

tjhl. Nllncs hg Norjducturnc Rasanrdm 44(>&2)9 =0-=?.

02. Lurbnemsm G, Ehhdmaej N, Lnssjrj Knmnccntj K (26>4) Avncuntjhl hg

yjac`, yjac` dhkphlalts nl` `jggaralt jltardrhppjlo jl`jdas jl kjxa`

nl` rhw jltardrhppjlo hg sasnka (Tasnkuk jl`jduk C.) nl` banl

(Vmnsahcus vuconrjs C.). Jltarlntjhlnc Ihurlnc hg Norjductura nl` Drhp

Tdjaldas 1(>?)9 >:1=->:71.

04. Psubh K, _ncear T (2662) N khàc hg rn`jntjhl jltardaptjhl nl` usa

by n knjza/banl jltardrhp dnlhpy. Norjducturnc nl` Ghrast Katahrh-

choy >>6(4)9 264-2>1.

00. Lanknthccnmj A, Inmnlsuz KR, Knznmarj @, Bnllnynl K (26>4) Jltar-

drhppjlo. Tustnjlnbca Norjductura Ravjaws >2. Tprjloar Tdjalda+Bu-

sjlass Ka`jn @hr`radmt >>:->02.

01. Kutulonkjrj N, Knrojn J E, Dmjvjloa H N (266>) Avncuntjhl hg knjza

( Yan knys C.) ductjvnrs nl` ̀ alsjty ghr ̀ ry cnl` knjza-banl jltardrh-

ppjlo. Prhpjdnc Norjductura ?=(>)9 =->2.

07. Lndmjoarn O K, Caàlt I G, @rnya ] (266=) Tmhht nl` rhht Dhkpa-

tjtjhl jl phtnth/knjza jltardrhppjlo9 aggadts hl orhwtm nl` yjac`.

Alvjrhlkaltnc nl` Axparjkaltnc Bhtnly 70(0)9 >=6->==.

0?. Ehhdmaej N, Lnssjrj Knmnccntj K, Emhrrnkàc T, Nlvnremnm T, Tnbat

Paykhurj K, at nc. (26>6) Ttu`y hg orhwtm jl`jdas jl substjtutjhl nl`

n``jtjva jltardrhppjlo hg Dnllnbjs (Dnllnbjs sntjvn C.) nl` Tasnka

(Tasnkuk jl`jduk C.). Ihurlnc hg Norhadhchoy 2(>)9 2?-47.

0=. Mnruln K, Ncjyu C, Knulà TK (26>4) Dhkpatjtjva bamnvjhr hg

Orhul`lut jl Tasnka/Orhul`lut jltardrhppjlo systak ulàr vnry-

jlo phuctry knlura rntas nl` pcnltjlo nrrnloakalt. Tustnjlnbca No-

rjductura Rasanrdm 2(4)9 22-27.

http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/apar.2016.03.00109http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706503001736http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706503001736http://www.ajol.info/index.php/cajeb/article/view/56874http://www.ajol.info/index.php/cajeb/article/view/56874http://www.ajol.info/index.php/cajeb/article/view/56874http://www.ajol.info/index.php/cajeb/article/view/56874http://www.ajol.info/index.php/cajeb/article/view/56874http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11104-004-0227-2http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11104-004-0227-2http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11104-004-0227-2http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030115300368http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030115300368http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030115300368http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030115300368http://en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=192137http://en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=192137http://en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=192137http://en.journals.sid.ir/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=192137http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521414000207http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001265http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001265http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001265http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001265http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001001265http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301868788http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301868788http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301868788http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301868788http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429007002638http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429007002638http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429007002638http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429012001645http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429012001645http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429012001645http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429000001477http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429000001477http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429000001477http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429000001477http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429000001477http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429000001477http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429001002015http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89749576/response-sesame-plant-sesamum-orientale-l-treatments-mineral-bio-fertilizershttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://c/Users/Office/Downloads/15071-17478-1-PB.pdfhttp://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK2007000238http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK2007000238http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK2007000238htt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13/13



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0:. Tnrenr RE, Eulù D (266>) Tustnjlnbca jltardrhppjlo systak hg sas-

nka (Tasnkuk jl`jduk) wmjt pucsa nl` hjcsaa` drhps hl rjda gncchw

cnl`. Jl`jnl Ihurlnc hg Norjducturnc Tdjaldas ?>(2)9 101-116.

16. Pasgnya E, _ncear T, Psubh K (2667) Rn`jntjhl jltardaptjhl nl` rn -

`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy hg tmraa ornjl caoukas ulàr wntar ̀ ajdjt dhl-

`jtjhls jl n sakj-nrj` alvjrhlkalt. Aurhpanl Ihurlnc hg Norhlhky

21(>)9 76-?6.

1>. Asenl`nrj M (26>2) Jltardrhppjlo hg Knjza ( Yan knys) wjtm Dhwpan

(Wjoln Tjlalsjs) nl` Kulo banl (Wjoln rn`jntn)9 Aggadt hg dhkpca-

kaltnrjty hg jltardrhp dhkphlalts hl rashurda dhlsukptjhl, `ry

knttar prhùdtjhl nl` caoukas ghrnoa quncjty. I Bnsjd Nppc Tdj Ras

2(>)9 411-476.

12. Razjo K, Tnmcj N, Mndmjdmn K, Bal Ia``j G, Mnrbnhuj Z (26>4) Vhtnth

(Thcnluk tubarhsuk C.) nl` banl (Vmnsahcus vuconrjs C.) jl shca jl-

tardrhppjlo9 Aggadts hl cjomt jltardaptjhl nl` rn`jntjhl usa agjdjal-

dy. Ihurlnc hg Norjducturnc Tdjalda 1(:)9 71-??.

14. Mhssajlpnlnmj G, Vhurnkjr G, Ehhdmaej N, Lnssjrj Knmnccntj K, Omhr-

bnlj R (26>>) Avncuntjhl hg rn`jntjhl nbshrptjhl nl` usa agjdjaldyjl Tasnka/Dmjdepan substjtutjhl jltardrhppjlo. Ihurlnc hg Norhadhc-

hoy 4(>)9 >67->26.

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`jntjhl usa agjdjaldy hg jltardrhppjlo hg banl (Vmnsahcus vuconrjs C.)

nl` marb swaat bnsjc (Hdjkuk bnsjcjduk C.). Ihurlnc hg Norhadhchoy

2(>)9 :0->60.

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ductura. Norjducturnc nl` Ghrast Katahrhchoy >60(>)9 21-0?.

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(266:) Avncuntjhl hg rn`jntjhl jltardaptjhl nl` usa by knjza nl`

banl jltardrhppjlo dnlhpy. Ihurlnc hg Norhadhchoy >(>)9 >4-24.

1?. Lnssjrj Knmnccntj K, Ehhdmaej N, Inmnl K (26>>) Rn`jntjhl nbshrp-

tjhl nl` usa agjdjaldy jl wjltar wmant/Knjza racny jltardrhppjlo.

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