Advances in crop improvement by vikram

Advances in crop improvement of root and bulb crops

Carrot

Daucus carota. 2n = 18Grown for fresh consumption and processingRich source of caroteneMost widely grown member of ApiaceaeOrigin – south west Asia Inflorescence is a compound umbelCross pollinated - protandry

Breeding objectives

high root yield Good eating qualityScarlet/orange colour rootsHigh carotene contentUniformity in root shape and sizeThin and self coloured core

Cont…

Early rootingCracking free roots Smooth, shiny root High sugar and dry matter in rootsSlow bolting habit Resistance to major pest and diseases

Pusa Vristi

First heat, humidity tolerant tropical carrot variety

Duration :of 90-95 days Triangular shape and self-red

coloured roots, suitable for early sowing under the North Indian plains

Yield:25 t/ha, Rich in carotenoids (867μg/100g), lycopene (405 μg/100gm) and β-carotene (144 μg/100g).

Pusa Vasuda

First public sector tropical carrot hybrid

developed using CMS system.

Self red coloured carrot hybrid.

Rich in total carotenoids, lycopene, TSS and minerals.

Pusa Asita

Long black roots with self coloured core,

suitable for sowing from September to October.

The roots are ready for harvest during December-January. Maturity in 90-110 days.

Average Yield :25 t/ha

PCB 5

Punjab Agriculture University

'Punjab black beauty‘ recommended for

general cultivation in the state

overloaded with beneficial anti-oxidants and nutrients

an excellent blood cleanser which cures anaemia deficiency

Pusa Rudhuira

Long red roots with self coloured core, triangular shape,

suitable for sowing from mid-September to October

The roots are ready for harvest from middle of December onwards.

Average Yield:30 t/ha

Pusa Meghali

Early; roots orange with self-coloured core; short tops.

Only variety having orange coloured flesh in the tropical group.

Produces seeds in the plains. Suitable for early sowing. Maturity in 100-120 days.

Yield:25 t/ha

Nantes

Throughout India Yield: 12 t/ha Temperate type;

small tops with green leaves;

roots well shaped, small, orange, perfectly cylindrical, abruptly ending in small thin tail, sweet and self coloured core with orange flesh.

Pusa Nayanjyoti

First hybrid developed by Public Sector with orange colour roots.

Roots are smooth, uniform, cylindrical, stumpy with small indistinct self coloured core.

high carotene content (7.552 mg/100g FW)

April-August in hills

November-December N-I Plains. Yield : 35-40 t/ha

Arka Suraj

Deep orange roots with self colour core.

 Smooth root surface Conical shape

Root length 15-18 cm, root diameter 3-4 cm TSS 8-10%

Carotene content 11.27 mg% Tolerant to powdery mildew and

nematode.  Flowers and sets seeds under

tropical condition.  Yield potential of 15 t/ha

Duration of 70 days

NS 854 F1

Top vigour: Very good Root shape: Long

cylindrical Root length (cm): 18-20 Root weight (g): 150-175 Root colour / skin: Deep

orange Core: Small Disease tolerance: High

Top vigour: Excellent Root shape: Cylindrical Root length (cm): 15-20 Root weight (g): 150-175 Root colour / skin: Orange Core: Small Disease tolerance: High Remarks: Excellent colour and

shape Recommended for: India Middle

East

Super Kuroda (OP)

Radish

Raphanus sativus2n = 18Origin – EuropeOriginated from wild species R. raphanistrumEdible portion – primary root and hypocotyl Inflorescence – racemeCross pollinated

Breeding objectives

Early rooting High yieldWhite, long roots and non

branching habitNon pithy rootsPungency of roots as per

consumers preference

Cont….

Slow bolting habitHeat toleranceDrought toleranceResistance to alternaria blight, white

rust, and mosaic virusTolerance to aphids

Pusa Jamuni

First purple fleshed unique trait nutritionally rich radish variety.

Distinct in root size, shape, yield and consumer preference over the existing varieties.

Higher anthocyanins and ascorbic acid.

500.0 tonnes/ha.

Pusa Gulabi

First entire pink fleshed unique trait nutritional rich radish variety.

Medium root size, cylindrical shape, optimal yield and consumer preference over the existing varieties.

High total carotenoids, anthocyanins and optimal ascorbic acid.

600.0 tonnes/ha.

Pusa Mridula

Throughout India 13.5 t/ha Roots globular in shape,

bright red in colour, size white flesh with soft texture

and mild pungent taste. Leaves dark green and tender. Maturity in 20-25 days after

sowing. Suitable for winter crop

(September-February).

Kashi Sweta

Roots are 25-30 cm long,

Roots are straight, tapering with pointed tip

Yield 450-470 q/ha.

Kashi Hans

suitable for September to February

Duration: 40-45 days can stand in the field up

to 10-15 days after commercial maturity

Roots are straight, tapering, 30-35 cm long

yield 430-450 q/ha

Palam Hriday

HPKV, Palampur A variety with pink

flesh, crisp, juicy and free from

pithiness Matures in 45-50

days Yield - 250-300 q/ha

Pusa Chetki

Throughout India Roots pure white, smooth, soft

in texture, less pungent in summer

sowings, 15-22 cm long, thick and stumpy

leaves entire, slightly lobed, dark green and upright.

Maturity in 40-50 days, suitable for summer and rainy

season (April-August). Yield: 25 t/ha

shogunmino

Unicorn seeds Roots have white skin and

very crisp and juicy texture. Produces very uniform

extra long roots of about 40-50 cm

Very slow in Pithiness development.

Can grow well under high temperatures.

TURNIP

Brassica rapa 2n = 20 Origin – cooler parts of

Europe

Pusa Chandrima

Roots large round to flattish, white in colour with medium

leaf tops. Its outer skin is less deep

and flesh white in colour. Yield : 30-40 t/ha

Pusa Swarnima

Suitable for temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions of north India.

Early maturing variety, medium leaf topps, roots flattish and round. Its outer skin light yellow in colour. Suitable for planting in June to October in

hilly region October to December in plain. It matures in 60-70 days. Yield : 35.5 t/ha

Purple Top White Globe

Suitable for temperate and subtropical of north India.

Roots round shaped, top of root is purple and lower regions is white colour, Maturity 55-60 days.

Yield : 25-30 t/ha

Onion

Allium cepa2n = 16Origin – Pakistan(According to Vavilov) Inflorescence Each flower – 6 stamens, 3 carpels, 6

perianth segment

Breeding objective

High yield Longer bulb storage lifeResistance to diseases ( purple blotch, basal

rot, stemphyllium blight )Resistance to insect pests(thrips)Resistance to abiotic stressSingle centered bulbs especially for fresh

market

Pusa Riddhi

Single bulb weight ranges from 70.0 -100.0 g.

pungent and rich in antioxidant (quercetin 107.42 mg/100g).

Suitable for kharif and rabi crop,, and export.

Avge. Yield: 31.66 t/ha.

Pusa Soumya

First bunching onion variety

suitable for round the year green onion production.

least affected by pests and diseases.

Yield: 26.38 t/ha

Arka Ujjwal

 a multiplier onion variety bright dark red bulb color,

compound bulb with flat shape

Bulb size 4-5cm, Number of bulblets/bulb 3-

5, Bulb weight 40-45g, TSS 16-18%, Dry matter content 14-16%

and Bulb yield 20-25t/ha in 85

days.

Arka Akshay

It is a tri-parental synthetic variety with dark Red globe shaped bulbs.

Average bulb weight is 115 g.

Yield 45 t/ha in 130 days.

Arka Bheem (Syn-6)

It is a tri-parental synthetic variety

Red to pinkish red, elongated globe shaped bulbs

Average bulb weight is 120 g

Yield 47t/ha in 130 days.

Arka Sona

yellow coloured bulbs

globe shape, bulb weight 140.0g,

low TSS 100 B, bulb yield 45 t/ha,

duration 120 days, suitable for growing

in Rabi season and for export

Arka Vishwas bulb colour dark

red, flat globe shape bulb weight 40.0g, TSS 160 B, bulb yield 30t/ha,

duration 115 days, suitable for growing

in Rabi season and for export.

Arka Swadista white onion variety bulbs are oval globe

in shape, TSS 18-20%, edible bulb 98%,

weight 35-40g, suitable for bottle

preservation. Yield =16-18t/ha in

105 days.

ARKA KIRTHIMANF1 hybrid. Suitable for Kharif and Rabi season

ARKA LALIMA F1 hybrid. Suitable for Kharif and Rabi Bulb yield: 50 t/ha

ARKA KALYANTolerant to purple blotch disease

Pusa Red Pusa Ratnar Pusa Madhvi Pusa White Round Pusa White Flat

Pusa Red

VARIETIES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM IARI, New Delhi

Agrifound Dark Red Agrifound Light Red NHRDF Red

Agrifound Dark Red

VARIETIES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM NHRDF, Nasik

VARIETIES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM VPKAS, Almora

VL 1VL 3VARIETIES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM MPKV,

RahuriN 53N 2-4-1Baswant 780N 257-9-1Phule Suvarna

NASIK 53

VARIET IES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM TNAU, Coimbatore

CO 1CO 2CO 3CO 4VARIET IES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM

RAU, BikanerUdaipur 101Udaipur 102Udaipur 103

VARIET IES / F1 HYBRIDS FROM DOGR, Rajagurunagar

Bhima Raj

suitable for kharif andlate kharif seasoin the states ofMaharashtra, Karnataka and GujaratBhima Redsuitable for late kharif

Bhima Supersuitable for kharif season

Bhima Kirangood keeping quality suitable for storage up

to 5-6 months

Bhima ShaktiVery less number of bolters 2.15%

Bhima ShwetaIt is tolerant to thrips

Bhima ShubraIt has capacity to tolerate environmental

fluctuation, hence can be cultivated in all the three seasons.

Yamuna Safed (G1)The variety is tolerant to insect pests and diseases like purple blotch, stemphylium Blight and onion thrips

Yamuna Safed (G-323)Leaf wide, Bulb- compact, attractive creamy white colour, creamy flesh

GARLIC

Agrifound ParvatiThe variety is long day type Suitable for export

Agrifound WhiteThe bulbs are compactsilvery white with creamy flesh

Yamuna Safed – 3 The variety is suitable for export

Bhima OmkarIt has been developedthrough clonal selectionof the local material obtained from Nalanda, Bihar

Bhima PurpleThis line has been identified for high yield and

better quality

Thank you