Advancement in robotics

ADVANCEMENT IN ROBOTICS

Robot is a machine that resembles a human being and does mechanical routine tasks on command.

Robotics is an interdisciplinary subject that benefits from mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, computer science, biology, and many other disciplines.

ROBOTICS

INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS MILITARY ROBOTS AEROSPACE ROBOTS HEALTH CARE ROBOTS

CURRENT USES OF ROBOTS

An industrial robot is an automatically controlled, programmable, multi purpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.

Main types:◦ Articulated robots◦ SCARA robots◦ Delta robots◦ Cartesian coordinate robots

INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

APPLICATIONS:1. Material handling applications

◦ Material transfer – pick-and-place, palletizing

◦ Machine loading and/or unloading

2. Processing operations◦ Welding◦ Spray coating◦ Cutting and grinding

3. Assembly and inspection

Cont…

Autonomous or remote-controlled devices that are capable of taking surveillance photographs, and even accurately launching missiles at ground targets, without a pilot.

PURPOSE- Clearing minefields Deactivating bombs Clearing buildings Risking money instead of a human life

MILITARY ROBOTS

Dragon Runner TALON ACER Packbot Big DogThey are also used as rescue robots.

MILITARY ROBOTS USED TODAY

In aerospace robots are used for outer space exploration.

Aerospace robots or unmanned robotic spacecraft play a key role in outer space probe.

Scientists can explore in outer space without putting themselves in great danger considering the risks involved if they go to outer space themselves. With controlled robots, the same results can be achieved safely.

The risk to lose a human life in outer space has been avoided

AEROSPACE ROBOTS

HEALTH CARE ROBOTMagnetic microbots are a group of tiny robots used in various operation such as removing plaque from a patients arteries or helping with occular conditions and disease screenings.With the proper tools and set-up in place, proper healthcare could be delivered to the patient even in remote areas without the corresponding risks involved.It also provides a facility to move supplies such as medicine, linens and food from one space to another.One TUG robot working two shifts a day saves the labour of nearly three full time employees, yet they cost less.

HUMANOID SWARM PROSTHETICS NEURAL PREDICTION

ADVANCEMENT IN ROBOTICS

The robonaut (R2) was developed by NASA and General Motors.

The Robonaut 2 has the size and shape of a human. It can operate machinery made for humans in environments that don’t sustain human life such

as outer space. The Robonaut must be capable to work in areas where there is low gravity, high radiation, and trained sensitivity.

HUMANOID- ROBONAUT

The robonaut is designed to help fix any

problems that occur on the ISS. In February 2010, R2 was unveiled – a faster,

more dexterous, more technologically advanced humanoid robot than had ever been seen before.

Currently, Robonaut 2 is undergoing experimental trials with astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory. If that goes well, it may even do some active duty!

Cont..

Swarm robotics is a new approach to the coordination of multi-robot systems which consist of large numbers of mostly simple physical robots.

Swarm intelligence is a artificial intelligence (AI) technique based on the collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems.

Generally made up of agents who interact with each other and the environment.

Based on group behavior found in nature.

SWARM ROBOTICS

U.S. Military is applying SI techniques to control of unmanned vehicles.

NASA is applying SI techniques for planetary mapping.

Medical Research is trying SI based controls for nano robots to fight cancer.

SI techniques are applied to load balancing in telecommunication networks.

Entertainment industry is applying SI techniques for battle and crowd scenes.

Recent Developments in SI Applications

Prosthetics is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.

Recent advances in robotics make it possible to create prosthetics that can duplicate the natural movement of human legs.

PROSTHETICS

Robotic prosthetic knees allow those with amputations done above the knee to have more control.

They are now equipped with a special microprocessor that helps regulate joint resistance during inclines and fluid control.

Prosthetic limbs that are able to move by reading sensors have allowed much more precise movement, such as using the fingers of a prosthetic hand.

Sensors are used to read signals from the muscles in the amputees residual limb.

It uses nerve endings to replicate the sensory-motor abilities in the hand.

Cont..

Neural network scientists have produced a computer that operates like a human brain. In one study, the computer was allowed to browse the net. Scientists were surprised to see that it seemed to “choose” to look at pictures of cats. Then, they asked the computer if it could come up with its own image of a cat. The image was very accurate.

NEURAL NETWORK

The Nautilus is a thinking computer. This one was devised to be able to predict

the future. Scientist fed the Nautilus information that it compiled and analyzed. In one test, it looked for clues about the location of Osama Bin Laden.

Scientists already knew the answer, but only gave the computer news stories up to a certain date before Bin Laden was found.

This machine was able to predict where Osama Bin Laden had been hiding using news reports.

PREDICTION- NAUTILUS

Robots increase productivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and consistency of products.

Robots can work in hazardous environments without the need. Robots need no environmental comfort. Robots work continuously without experiencing fatigue of problem. Robots have repeatable precision at all times. Robots can be much more accurate than human. Robots can replace human workers . Robots can process multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously.

Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies. Robots, although superior in certain senses, have limited capabilities in De-

gree of freedom, Dexterity, Sensors, Vision system, real time response. Robots are costly, due to Initial cost of equipment, Installation costs, Need

for Peripherals, Need for training, Need for programming.

ADVANTAGES Vs DISADVANTAGES

Advancements represent a future generation of robotics, and they are truly amazing. A robust series of innovations has made robotics the answer to many challenges from disaster response to military safety. It is evident that the robots have proved that they can do the impossible.

Man’s short stay in this planet is influenced by these machines created by the human brain. Hopefully in a few years these man-made machines or the so called “Brain child of mankind” doesn’t dominate and overpower its own creator.

CONCLUSION

[1]CAO, Y., FUKUNAGA, A., AND KAHNG, A. 1997. Cooperative mobile

robotics: Antecedents and directions. Autonomous Robots 4, 1, 7–27.

[2]Goss, S. and Deneubourg, J.-L., "Harvesting by a group of robots," presented at First European Conference on Artificial Life: Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems, pp.195-204, 1992.

[3] Werger, B. and Mataric, M. J., "Robotic "object" chains: Externalization of state and program for minimal-agent foraging," presented at Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats, vol. 4, pp. 626-633, 1996.

[4] Altenburg, K., "Adaptive resource allocation for a multiple mobile robot system using communication," North Dakota State University, Technical Report NDSU-CSOR-TR-9404, 1994.

[5] "Robot-Assisted Surgery Neurosurgery"Biomed.brown.edu. Retrieved 2013-06-25.[6]http://www.futureforall.org/robotics/robotics.html

REFERENCE