Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1: Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture End-to-End Solutions Page 1 Seminar 11 End-to-End Solutions MITA vol. 2, p. 165-238 Copyright (C) 2003 Alexandrova, Eronen, Hakulinen, Hämäläinen, Kellokoski, Nurminen, Poikolainen Nokia MITA
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Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1:Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture
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Messaging Contents
✶ SMS and MMS:✶ Overview✶ Architecture✶ Message Content
✶ Value-Added Services in MMS✶ Comparison of SMS and MMS✶ Business Issues✶ References✶ Questions
SMS=Short Message Service, MMS=Multimedia Messaging Service
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SMS – Overview
✶ SMS was an unforeseen success✶ Originally meant for pager-like functionality✶ Exploits unused signalling channel capacity
✶ This makes long messages impractical✶ Messages can be received and sent during calls✶ Supported by practically all handsets✶ The success of SMS wasn't a “built-in” property:
✶ Instead, it became successful because it fulfilled user's real needs, not artificial needs created for business models
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SMS – Architecture
✶ SMSC is a key component✶ Store-and-forward✶ Incompatible SMSC-protocols
✶ CIMD, UCP/EMI, SMPP, OIS✶ Protocol converters between SMSCs were needed to ensure
interoperability✶ Anti-thesis of MITA ideals of openness
✶ Quaranteed delivery: delivery confirmation
SMSC=Short Message Service Center
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SMS – Message Content
✶ Maximum length of 160 characters per message✶ Multiple messages can be “chained” together
✶ Smart Messaging, EMS✶ Binary messages are supported too:
✶ Ringtones, operator logos, etc. (Smart Messaging, EMS)✶ Well-suited for small messages with textual content
EMS=Enhanced Messaging Service
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MMS – Overview
✶ MMS is hoped to equal the success of SMS✶ However, basic text will probably still be sent with SMS
✶ Very versatile message content:✶ Images, text, sound, videos, ...
✶ Can also be used as a “neutral” bearer, or “middleware” of complex content, e.g.:
✶ DRM-protected material✶ E-Mail (DNS-ENUM for addressing)
✶ Messages sent over GPRS, HSCSD, ...
DRM=Digital Rights Management, GPRS=General Packet Radio Service, HSCSD=High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data
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MMS – Overview
✶ Network architecture uses extensively the standard Internet protocols, such as HTTP & SMTP
✶ Push and Pull messages, like in SMS✶ End-user usage:
✶ Like SMS, basically just write the message and send it✶ Easy to use, even though completely different technology
✶ User sees the message content as the biggest change when comparing to SMS
HTTP=Hypertext Transfer Protocol, SMTP=Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
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Business Issues
✶ Charging must be done “right”✶ Fixed fee✶ User's must not pay for GPRS traffic or SMS notification
✶ Operators will try to ramp up MMS usage✶ Third party content✶ Support for legacy devices✶ Fixed fee per message✶ Phone bought from a store must be ready-to-use
✶ Device management
Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1:Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture
ETSI=European Telecommunications Standards Institute, TS=Technical Specification
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Messaging Questions
Exam✶ Differences of SMS and MMS?✶ Explain two MMS architecture components and their
purpose.
Philosophical✶ Will IP convergence and all-IP networks eat away these
specialized messaging schemes like SMS and MMS? Will there be a fallback to Internet-messaging such as e-mail, IRC, various IM tools, ...? Why? Why not?
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IM Contents
✶ Overview✶ Technological factors✶ Success factors✶ Market potential✶ Revenue potential✶ Security issues✶ Mobile IM vs. desktop IM✶ References✶ Questions
IM=Instant Messaging
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IM Overview
✶ A way of sending short and simple messages which are delivered to online users immediately
✶ Two technologies are combined:✶ IM✶ Presence
✶ Presence introduces the “see before you connect” idea✶ More about presence later
✶ IM services will always combine IM exchange and presence features
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Mobile IM
✶ Access to IM services becomes ubiquitous✶ Users can access the service at any time
✶ In mobile domain presence is more than online/offline indicator
✶ Location, situation, state and mood of users✶ IM is not only about exchanging short messages
✶ Pictures, audio and video✶ Rich content offers new possibilities
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Technological Factors
Mobile IM needs different enablers:
Presence GPRS, 3G, Packet data Messaging terminal &
dedicated client
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Success Factors
✶ Mobile devices have large enough screens✶ Predictive text input✶ Mobile device is always with the user✶ Mobile device is becoming a personal trusted device✶ Transferred data amount is relatively small
✶ Does not need much bandwidth✶ Emerging business use of IM
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Market Potential
✶ IM is popular in the PC-world✶ Number of registered users worldwide:
✶ MSN: > 100 M✶ AIM: > 195 M
✶ 1.6 billion instant messages sent daily✶ ICQ: 135 M
✶ ICQ is a brand of AOL, like AIM✶ Customer base is the keyword in Mobile IM
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IM Questions
Exam✶ What are the success factors in Mobile IM?✶ Why would desktop users start to use Mobile IM?✶ What technologies does Mobile IM need?✶ Why is presence so important in Mobile IM?
Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1:Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture
✶ Today✶ ICQ, AIM, etc. have status, buddy lists✶ Availability for interaction in IM
✶ Future✶ Connected people/things? Everywhere, with everyone?✶ Mobile Presence?
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Presence Overview 2
✶ Definition of presence✶ “Perception of a human being that some other human being
is close or nearby, mentally or physically.”✶ Transmitting presence information is a way of extending the
human senses✶ Technically: “Delivering notifications from a person's availability
and status to the recipient.”
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Mobile Presence
✶ Enables a new communication paradigm✶ See before you connect
✶ Is omnipresent✶ Reflects the real user status✶ Will be one of the core enablers
✶ Enrich other services like call, messaging, IM
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Mobile vs. Fixed Presence
✶ Independent service in its own right
✶ Richer information, “contextualized presence”
✶ Possibility to exploit location data
✶ Always online, close to the user
✶ Part of IM applications✶ Content: online/offline✶ “Buddy list application”✶ Tied to the desktop✶ Online only when
selected so
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Presence Layers: Authorization
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Possible Architecture
DB=Database, GW=Gateway, CSP=Client-Server Protocol, WTLS=Wireless Transport Layer Security
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Model for Mobile Presence
Presentity Watcher
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Mobile Presence Enabled Services
✶ Triggered conference call✶ Automatically established to a certain group of people✶ When everyone is available✶ When everyone are willing to receive a call
✶ Machine-to-Human over Presence✶ Status of your coffee maker✶ Alarm systems
✶ Information services✶ News, forecasts
✶ Location Presence✶ Notification when your friend comes nearby
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Problems
✶ Security, authorization✶ How can I be sure of my privacy?✶ Who can see my presence?✶ Is the level of security enough for business use?
✶ Are users willing to pay?✶ Interoperability?
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References
✶ VT 2003, 2G5565 Mobile Presence: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications. Course homepage. http://www.imit.kth.se/courses/2G1326/ (Visited 1.11.2003)
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Wireless Village Contents
✶ Overview
✶ Services & Features
✶ Architecture
✶ Protocols
✶ Functional features
✶ Communication model
✶ Interoperability
✶ WV compliant products (December 2002)
✶ Characteristics of WV
✶ References
✶ QuestionsWV=Wireless Village
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Wireless Village Overview
✶ Open industry initiative for mobile IMPS✶ Founded by Ericsson, Motorola and Nokia in April 2001✶ Consolidated into OMA in June 2002✶ Supported by mobile industry's major players✶ Aims to be The Solution for mobile IMPS
OMA=Open Mobile Alliance
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WV Services & Features 1
✶ Application Service elements✶ Presence service element
✶ Presence information (client/user status attributes)✶ Contact lists (list of user IDs)✶ Authorization of presence attributes (proactive/reactive)✶ Delivery of presence values (subscribe, get, update)
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WV Services & Features 2
✶ Group service element✶ Group models (public, private)✶ Dynamic group features (join, leave, invite, search, notifications)✶ Static group features (create, delete, access control, properties)
✶ Shared Content service element✶ Invite mechanism for explicit content handling
✶ Service access point (SAP)✶ Access features
✶ Login/logout✶ Service and capability (delivery method, accepted content etc.)✶ Keep-alive✶ Get Service Provider info (name, logo, free text, URL)
Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1:Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture
✶ Server interoperability features✶ Security✶ Transaction management✶ Session management✶ Service management✶ User profile management (IETF Internet-draft, CPIM)✶ Service relay – IMPS features
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WV Architecture
CLI=Command Line Interface, CLP=Command Line Protocol,SMCNP=Server Mobile Core Network Protocol, SSP=Server-Server Protocol
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WV Functional Features
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WV Communication Model
Separate data and signalling channels (w/o Keep Alive) Data channel bindings: WSP, HTTP, HTTPS and SMS. CIR channel bindings: WAP 1.2/2.0 Push (SMS, UDP/IP),
standalone UDP/TCP, standalone TCP/IP
CIR=Communication Initiation Request, HTTPS=Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Secure
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WV Interoperability
✶ Interoperability testing events (3 events held so far)✶ Compliance statement from Wireless Village Interoperability
Committee (IOPCom)✶ Detailed compliance statement due to complexity of the
protocol
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Compliant Products (Dec. 2002)
✶ Clients for several platforms:✶ J2ME, Symbian, PocketPC, Win32, proprietary environments
✶ Clients from:✶ Ecrio, Ericsson, Magic4, MIMT, Motorola, Nokia, OZ
Communications, Panasonic, Peramon, Sony Ericsson, WebMessenger
✶ Servers from:✶ Comverse, Critical Path, Ecrio, France Telecom, Followap,
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Content Downloading Contents
✶ Overview✶ Content Downloading in MITA✶ Discovery and promotion✶ Delivery and protection
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Overview
✶ Delivery process has at least four elements:
✶ Source, Delivery, Discovery and Charging
✶ Promotion is more or less optional
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Content Downloading in MITA
✶ Content-Type and memory requirements can be checked before download
✶ Successful downloads can be confirmed
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Discovery and Promotion
✶ Discovery can be done in at least three different ways:✶ Send SMS to get desired content (pull)✶ Browsing with the mobile device✶ Internet browsing with the computer – content is delivered to the
mobile device using phone number✶ Promotion
✶ “Help consumers find content”✶ In practice, this means good old advertising + marketing✶ Combined promotion used to provide the best knowledge✶ New idea is to use individual marketing
✶ User resistance to personal spamming?
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Delivery and Protection
✶ Basic elements of delivery:✶ Authentication (MSISDN, IMSI, username+password)
✶ Device recognition, if the device can inform about itself✶ Confirmation
✶ Important to both the user and the service provider✶ The user knows that only successfully provided content is charged✶ The service provider knows also about the unsuccessful
downloads✶ Charging, with pre-paid or post-paid
✶ Protection✶ DRM is needed✶ Must be easy to use and also give an adequate level of protection
MSISDN=Mobile Station International ISDN Number, IMSI=International Mobile Subscriber Identity, DRM=Digital Rights Management
Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1:Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture
✶ Done by 3rd party (carrier, service provider, corporate IT support) on behalf of end-users
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Business Drivers
Correct settingsCorrect settings
From MITA vol. 2, p. 221
✶ Several business drivers exist for Device Management
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✶ Architecture by WAP Forum✶ Bootstrapping
✶ Trusted relationship with management server, provisioning of key parameters, out-of-the-box functionality
✶ Continuous provisioning✶ Repetitive actions by trusted
management server, SyncML device management protocol is used
Device Management Architecture
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Device Management Future
✶ Short-term: mobile devices will include more functional and richer applications
✶ Average consumer needs the correct operation “out-of-the-box”✶ Device Management can help
✶ Long term: mobile devices will become like PCs, needing updates and patches, this means gigantic amount of devices to be managed for corporations and carriers
✶ Device Management framework must have a realistic growth path to meet the demands of the future
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M2M Contents
✶ Overview✶ Requirements✶ Technology✶ Business opportunities
M2M=Machine-to-Machine
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M2M Overview
✶ For connecting people, devices and systems✶ Machine-to-machine, man-to-machine, machine-to-man
✶ In the mobile world, M2M is about combining wireless communication and information technology
✶ Typically used to collect information, set parameters and send indications
✶ Basically, to avoid physical visits or to provide real-time information
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M2M Requirements
✶ Diverse requirements✶ M2M solutions vary from security and surveillance to vending
machines and cargo tracking✶ M2M applications may serve almost any business area and
physical environment✶ Applications must be reliable, upgradeable, and affordable
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M2M Technology
✶ GSM is in most cases a suitable technology✶ Open, standardized, widespread✶ High number of different devices to fulfill varying needs✶ Already available✶ Evolution path to 3G business
✶ Several other network technologies✶ 802.11b/g, BlueTooth, Zigbee, RFID, UWB✶ These should also be considered when planning M2M solutions
RFID=Radio-Frequency Identification, UWB=Ultra Wide Band
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M2M Business Opportunities
✶ M2M requires specific knowledge on several areas✶ Whole M2M chain is a joint effort of different specialists
✶ Corporate customers are users of M2M; they benefit from lesser manpower, shorter downtimes of systems, centralized updates, etc.
✶ Carriers and service providers offer network services, application development and system integration
✶ M2M solution providers “master the total M2M chain” and offer M2M-based solutions
Advanced Topics in Telecommunications 1:Nokia Mobile Internet Technical Architecture