Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products April 18, 2012

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Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products April 18, 2012

[email protected]

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Agenda

• ATMP definition/ classification?

• What is my human cell based product?

• Exemptions and different routes?

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Definitions 2001/83/EC/ ; 2004/24/EC; 93/42/EC

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Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products

ATMP

1394/2007

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Status EU ATMP’s

• 1 registered ATMP in EU : Chondroselect (Tigenex)• Only six applications have been submitted for MA (four ATMPs) • In 2009-2011

• a product was intended for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (head and neck) was withdrawn

• the CAT adopted a negative opinion on the MA application of a gene therapy product intended for treatment of cerebral cancer (high grade glioma); the manufacturer withdrew its application in March 2010.

• A negative CAT opinion was adopted for the MA application a gene therapy product intended for use in severe lipid metabolic disease.On re-examination of Glyberain October2011, the CAT adopted a positive opinion but this was not endorsed by the CHMP.

• 50 Summaries of scientific recommendations on classification of advanced-therapy medicinal products (4 not classified a ATMP)

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ATMP or Medical Device or Human tissue Or Blood product or Combo?

• Where does my product fit?• Where do I want it to fit?

Carefull consideration required to define best strategy

Ask for classification is that wise?• CAT/ CBG/CA human tissues/ Notified Body?• Where to go best?

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• ATMPs are medical products for human use and include: Gene therapy products Somatic cell therapy products Tissue engineering products

• ATMPs are regulated under consolidated framework for advanced therapies (Regulation 1394/2007) as pharmaceutical products

• ATMP Regulation, Article 3

Where an ATMP contains human cells or tissues, the donation, procurement and testing of those tissues or cells shall be made in accordance with Directive 2004/23/EC

1) Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products

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Cells or tissues shall be considered ‘engineered’

if they fulfill at least one of the following conditions:

•Industrial process

•the cells or tissues have been “engineered”; subject to substantial manipulation,

•are not intended to be used for the same essential function or functions in the recipient as in the donor.

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This is still open for interpretation

What does this mean for-Autologous processes?-Small academic clinical case study?-Culturing in the OR/ bioreactor within the same procedure?-Harvesting tissue and place it in a different environment?

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Exceptions to Substantial Manipulations Annex I, ATMP Regulation

• cutting• grinding• shaping• centrifugation• soaking in antibiotic or

antimicrobial solutions• sterilization,irradiation

• cell separation, concentration or purification

• filtering• lyophilization• freezing• cryopreservation,

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What if my product is an exception or gray zone?

What are the other options?

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2) European Union Tissue and Cells Directive (EUTCD)

• Directive DG Sanco (2004/23/EC) (April 6, 2006) Standards of quality and safety for donation, procurement, testing, processing, preservation, storage and distribution of human tissues and cells

Implementing Directives• Directive DG Sanco (2006/17/EC) (Nov 1, 2006)

Technical requirements for the donation, procurement, testing of human tissues

• Directive DG Sanco (2006/86/EC) (Sept, 2007) Traceability requirements, notification of serious adverse reactions and events and certain technical requirements for the coding, processing, preservation, storage and distribution

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Tissue Directive (2004/23/EC)

• Storage and preservation

“autologous Cell and tissue graft used in the same

graft procedure are exempt article 2(section 2a)

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Definitions discussion at different levels

Summary CA Tissue and Cells (Dec 2011)-EUTCD•SANCO legal team and provide feedback to NCAs during the meeting in June•Unanimous consensus between the CAs to consider the use of amniotic membrane for cornea replacement as homologous, and therefore in the scope of Directive Tissue Directive•And Apheresis of mononuclear cells for preparation of ATMPs; Donor Lymphocyte infusion, mononuclear cells collected by apheresis are considered to be in the scope of the Tissue Directive

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Medical Device Directive (93/42/EC)

• Article 1.5(f)This Directive does not apply to:

(a) in vitro diagnostic devices;

(b) active implantable devices covered by Directive 90/385/EEC;

(c) medicinal products covered by Directive 65/65/EEC;

(d) cosmetic products covered by Directive 76/768/EEC (18);

(e) human blood, human blood products, human plasma or blood cells of human origin or

to devices which incorporate at the time of placing on the market

such blood products, plasma or cells;

(f) transplants or tissues or cells of human origin nor to products incorporating or

derived from tissues or cells of human origin;

(g) transplants or tissues or cells of animal origin, unless a device is manufactured

utilizing animal tissue which is rendered non-viable or non-viable products

derived from animal tissue.

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Product ATMP classification/ Indication

Autologous corneal epithelium containing stem cells Tissue engineered product /Corneal lesions

Allogeneic human placenta-derived, culture-expanded, mesenchymal-like cell population

Somatic cell therapy product /Chronic inflammatory diseases

Autologous bone marrow-derived progenitor cells Tissue engineered product Cardiovascular diseases

Umbilical cord blood cells expanded ex vivo using allogeneicmesenchymal precursor cells

Tissue engineered product /Heamatology-oncology diseases

Autologous osteoprogenitor cells, isolated from bone marrow and expanded in vitro, incorporated, as an integral part, with 3D biodegradable scaffold

Tissue engineered product – combined

Repair, regeneration bone defects Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells Tissue engineered product /

Cardiaovascular diseases

CAT Classification of Stem cell-based ATMPs

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Product ATMP classification/ Indication

Human islets of Langerhans NoIntended for:Autologous: Post pancreatectomy for benign pancreatic pathologiesAllogeneic: Treatment of severe forms of type 1 diabetes

CAT Classification of other ATMPs

Product is derived from pancreatic tissue by a number of steps that do not constitute substantial manipulation. Moreover, information provided show that the manipulation of the tissue does not alter the biological characteristics and physiological functions relevant for the intended clinical use. The product is intended to be used for the same essential function in the recipient and the donor, i.e.pancreatic function.

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Classification discussions?

• Why do I favor an ATMP classification: • Recognition in Europe; • Raise the bar for market entry BUT• Difficult route to market; • Complex regulatory landscape- requirements/ standards difficult to

apply

• Why do I favor HTP classification:• Quick market access in specific MS BUT• No mans land (??) creates unclear /changing situation per Member

State

Faster routes in development than classical ATMP?

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• Key aspects of the ATMP Regulation:• Centralized Marketing Authorization procedure (EMA)• Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT)• Hospital Exemption ruling• Specific GMP regulations• Incentives for small and medium sized enterprises (SME)• Risk management and long term traceability• Post authorization pharmacovigilance systems

1) Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products

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3 options : treatment of patients using ATMPs

1. Treatment as registered Medicinal Product (via EMA, see www.ema.europa.eu.)

2. Products,which were legally on the Community market when the Regulation became applicable, should comply to the Regulation by December30,2012.

3. Treatment as registered Medicinal Product in a clinical study ( www.ccmo-online.nl for information).

4. Treatment as a hospital exemption • De IGZ has to authorize the hospital exemption including

manufacturing (GMP)

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CAT: Committee for Advanced Therapies

• Products covered subject to centralized authorization procedure involving a single scientific evaluation of the quality, safety and efficacy of the product by the EMEA

• CAT (Committee for Advanced Therapies) responsible for Draft opinions on the Quality, Safety and Efficacy of each ATMP for

final approval by CHMP (Committee for medicinal Products for Human Use)

Advice on whether the product falls within the definition ATMP Contribute to scientific advice procedures

• Comprised of multidisciplinary scientific experts representing all EU member states, as well as and patient and medical associations

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Hospital Exemption (Article 28)

• ATMPs exempted from the centralized marketing authorization procedure

• Hospital Exemption requirements: Non-routine basis Manufactured and used in same member state Used in a hospital under exclusive professional responsibility of a medical

practitioner Specific quality standards Individual medical prescription Custom-made product for an individual patient

• Same requirements apply as for ATMPs for which a centralized procedure is mandatory (GMP, QP release, pharmacovigilance)

• Not intended for clinical trials but rather case studies

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Hospital exemption

• Member states are responsible for the implementation of the Hospital Exemption

• Lack of clear guidance in most Member States• Differences in interpretation of the Hospital Exemption are

likely to occur• Many member states are reluctant to grant hospital

exemption for clinical Phase 1 trials• Variation per country ( ie Netherlands difficult vs Spain easier)

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Hospital exemption procedure

• A request for hospital exemption needs to be adressed to IGZ, digitally via a form and has to be sent to [email protected].

• IGZ reviews requests monthly, the request should be sent at least 2 weeks before the date IGZ has an ATMP review meeting.

• IGZ sents the decision 2 weeks after the review meeting• Hospital Exemptions are enclined for one year only and

maximum 10 patients.• Hospital exemptions from companies are most likely deferred

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• Good Manufacturing Practices

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• ATMPs need to be manufactured in accordance with the GMP guidelines for human medicinal products for human use (Directive 2003/94/EC)

• Control of consistency, reproducibility and uniformity are key aspects

• Annex 2 of the EU Guidelines for GMP for medicinal products for human and veterinary use (Eudralex Vol4) has been updated to include GMP specific to ATMPs

• The Annex recognizes the inherent variability and increased risks for microbial contamination and transfer of pathogens associated with biological culturing processes and materials

GMP Manufacturing of ATMPs

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• Only as defined in the Directives (light GMP system)

GMP Human tissues

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 Product and intended use

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HUMAN tissues and cells intended for human use

2004/23/EC

Medicinal Products manufactured from HUMAN tissues and cells intended for human use

 2004/23/EC

 1394/2007

Medicinal Products manufactured from ANIMAL tissues and cells intended for human use

 1394/2007

Applicable regulatory framework for cell based (medical) products for human use.

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products

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• EMA closely monitors developments in the area of stem cell therapy

• Depending on the indication and process, stem-cell based medicinal products can be classified as ATMPs

• Stem cells preparations that are not substantially manipulated or intended to be used for the same essential function in the recipient as in the donor are outside the scope of the ATMP Regulation

• To date, no stem-cell product has received marketing authorization within the EU

ATMP and Stem Cells

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• EMA expressed concerns about ‘stem-cell tourism’: use of unauthorized stem-cell based treatment in the absence of rigorous scientific and ethical requirements (Lancet 2010;Vol376:514)

• CAT has classified various medicinal products containing stem cells as ATMPs

• Committee of Orhpan Medicinal Products (COMP) has granted orphan designation to a number of medicines containing stem-cells for the treatment of rare diseases

ATMP and Stem Cells