Advanced Network Solutions for Electric Power Application

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Advanced Network Solutions forElectric Power Applications

George Wang

Presentation for IEEE Student Branch

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Introduction and Background

• Electric power is essential to our life and the economy

• Power systems are getting more and more sophisticated and smarter

• Teleprotection plays a key role• Telecommunication and network technology

have changed our life• Communication network is more and more

important for electric power• Next big wave

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Generation Distribution

Transmission Grid: 110 kV upDistribution Grid: 50 kV down

Transmission

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Generation DistributionTransmission

Basin Electric

Tri-State Electric

Rushmore Electric

Central Iowa Power

Brazos Electric

Chugach Electric

CenterPoint Energy

Knoxville Utilities

INDE (Guatemala)INDE (Institute of National Electrification): the largest electric generation and transmission company owned by Guatemala government.

To build an advanced communication network

A big substation

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Communication in Substations• Need channel banks for voice (phones) and data• Need mux to connect to a radio• Dry contact for house keeping alarms• Data Bridge for the subrate data• Some customers still interested in OCU-DP card• LV/LV+ used as configuration tools• Ethernet for service computer access• RS232 for RTU• -125VDC power• One box does all

Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

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ANSI Standard Device Numbers (IEEE Standard C37.2)

1 - Master Element2 - Time Delay Starting or Closing Relay3 - Checking or Interlocking Relay4 - Master Contactor5 - Stopping Device6 - Starting Circuit Breaker7 - Rate of Change Relay8 - Control Power Disconnecting Device9 - Reversing Device10 - Unit Sequence Switch11 - Multifunction device.12 - Overspeed Device13 - Synchronous-speed Device14 - Underspeed Device15 - Speed - or Frequency, Matching Device16 - Data Communications Device17 - Shunting or Discharge Switch18 - Accelerating or Decelerating Device19 - Starting to Running Transition Contactor20 - Electrically Operated Valve21 - Impedance (21G implies ground impedance)24 - Volts/Hz

Device numbers are used to identify the functions of devices shown on a schematic diagram. Function descriptions are given in the standard. These types of devices protect electrical systems and components from damage when an unwanted event occurs, such as an electrical fault.

27 - Under Voltage (27LL = line to line, 27LN = line to neutral/ground)40 - Loss of Excitation (generator)47 - Negative sequence voltage50 - Instantaneous overcurrent (N for neutral, G for ground current)51 - Inverse Time overcurrent (N for neutral, G from ground current)59 - Over Voltage (59LL = line to line, 59LN = line to neutral/ground)62 - Timer64 - Ground Fault (64F = Field Ground, 64G = Generator Ground)79 - Auto-reclosure81 - Under/Over Frequency86 - Lockout Relay / Trip Circuit Supervision87 - Current Differential (87L=transmission line diff; 87T=transformer diff; 87G=generator diff)91 - Voltage Directional Relay92 - Voltage and Power Directional Relay93 - Field Changing Contactor94 - Tripping or Trip-Free Relay

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Suffixes and Prefixes

“N” suffix: Neutral wire. 59N in a relay is used for protection against Neutral Displacement "G" suffix: "ground", hence a "51G" is a time overcurrent ground relay“S” for Serial “E” for Ethernet. “C” for Security Processing Function {i.e. VPN, Encryption}“F” for Firewall or message Filter“M” for Network Managed Function “R” for Router“S” for Switch “T” for Telephone Component.

Thus “16ESM” is a managed Ethernet.

A suffix letter or number may be used with the device number

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Power Quality and Protective Relays

Power quality can be defined by four fundamentalparameters: Frequency, Amplitude, Shape, and Symmetry

Power quality is affected by a wide range of disturbancesthroughout the transmission and distribution network.

It is necessary to implement various measures in order to minimize the negative effects on customers.

Depending on which of the power quality parameters is distorted the influence on the performance of digital protection relays will be different.

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Protection Relaying over All Communication Media (ABB)

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Telecom Networks: PDH, SDH, and Ethernet

STM-16 (OC-48) Ring

O9340S

E3/T3/E1/T1Gb EthernetSTM-1/4 (OC-3/12)STM-4/1 (OC-12/3) Ring

Loop-iNMS

O9500

E3/T3/E1/T1Gb Ethernet

Bonded G.SHDSL.bis

O9400S

E3/T3

H3308S

Ethernet Backbone GbE

O9400R

TDMoE

{H3304R / H3308R / O9340R}

EthernetAM3440

O9400R O9400R

O9400R

O9400R

O9500

V4100

GbE/Ethernet/E1C5600

Proprietary GbE

GbE E1/T1

2G BTS3G/3.5G Node B

E1/T1/DTEGbE/Ethernet/G.SHDSL

FOM/E&M/FXS/FXOC37.94/DryContact

E1/T1E3/T3 E1/T1

G.SHDSL

E1/T1/DTEEthernetG.SHDSLFOM/E&MFXS/FXO

W8140(or Radio)

W8140(or Radio)

WiFi or wave

Ethernet

FOM SPRing

AM3440

AM3440

E1/T1/DTE/G.SHDSLFOM/E&M/FXS/FXOC37.94/DryContact

EthernetIP6700

E1/T1/E3/T3Ethernet

E1

E1 SPRing / E1 DS0 SNCP

AM3440E1

E1 E1AM3440

E1

STM-1 (OC-3)

Ethernet RSTP/ LEAPS Ring

FOM

IP6810

RS232/RS485/Ethernet/DryContact

IP6810

RTUIP Camera

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Electric Power Industry Application:Data and Voice Communications

RTU Host

SecurityServer

SONET/SDH Network

PBX

Management Center

FXS

RTURS232

10/100Base-T

Security Terminal

V.35

T1/E1

RTURS232

10/100Base-T

Security Terminal

V.35

T1/E1

Remote

Sub-station

B

AM3440

V4200-9

PSTN Data-Base

Server

Remote

Sub-station

A

T1/E1

FXO

V.35 RS232

10/100 Base-T

LoopView

FXS

AM3440

SCADAController

E&M

ModemE&M

Intelligent Transmission &

Distribution

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DCS-MUX Product Example

Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

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Interface Cards

Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

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Loop O9400R (SDH/SONET)

O9400R STM-1/4/16 (OC-3/12/48) ADM

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Dry Contact: Network Application

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Telecom Room

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DS0 SNCP Protection

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T1 Radio: 1 for 1 protection

Network

Leased line Provider

T1 Radio

T1

T1

T1

T1

T1 T1

AM3440:

T1 1 for 1 protection

AM3440:

T1 1 for 1 protection

Note:

1. “Network” and “Leased line” shall support Alarm forwarding.

2. The switching time of T1 1 for 1 protection at AM3440: < 50ms

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Network Management System (NMS)

Loop-iNMS:

• iNMS core

• Device Poller

• iNMS GUI Clients

Capability:

• Full FCAPS

• System Redundant

• System Protection

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Disaster Recovery (DR)DR (Disaster Recovery)

PrimaryiNMS server

Ethernet

SecondaryiNMS server

Primary Database

Secondary Database

DBDB

GUI clients

Device Poller

#1

Device Poller

#2

DevicePoller

#N

… Device Poller

#1

Device Poller

#2

DevicePoller

#N

…

GUI clients

Sync. By oracle job

…NE#1 NE#n

trap trap

#primary site

#secondary site

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Alarm Monitoring View

Alarm View on Network Topology

Active Alarm List

FCAPS - Fault Management

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View – NE Panel View

Basic Feature - View

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Power Application-1 (Swiss Project) Case Study

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Power Application-1 (Swiss Project) Case Study

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Power Application-2 (Central America Project) Case Study

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Case Study

Power Application-3 (UK Project)

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Microwave Connection with Optical Ring Protection

MMU2ENPU3 MMU2ELTU155LTU155

LTU155QT1

LTU155

FXS/FXO/E&M/RS232/V.35….

FXS/FXO/E&M/RS232/V.35….

OC-3/12 Ring

LTU155QT1

SONET MUX O9500R

SONET MUX O9500R

SONET MUX O9500R

SONET MUX O9500R

FXS/FXO/E&M/RS232/V.35….

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Case Study

Power Application- 4 (US Project)

960 MHzSite A

960 MHzSite B

960 MHzSite C

AM3440A Chassis2 x T12 x FXS1 x 4w E&M1 x DS0 for Dry Contact

AM3440A Chassis3 x T1 (one for expansion)1 x FXS1 x DS0 for Dry Contact

AM3440A Chassis2 x T13 x FXS1 x 4w E&M2 x DS0 for Dry ContactTo External Alarm Device

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Central Control Room

Optical Fast Ethernet Ring

WAN 2

IP phone

LAN1

LAN2

IP camWAN 1

IP6810

WAN 2

WAN 1LAN1

LAN2IP phone

IP6810

RTU

WAN 2WAN 1

IP phone

W8110

Wireless IP cam Wireless IP cam

LAN1

IP6810

IP6810WAN 2 WAN 1

LAN1LAN

NAS(Network Attached Storage)

NDR(Network Disk Recorder)

SIP Proxy

IP6810 Self-Healing Ring Network Termination Unit

Ethernet Device Application

Substation hardened. IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

Union Fenosa

Communication Protocols: fight for standards

• A set of communications protocols used by SCADA Master Stations, substation computers, RTUs, and IEDs

Protocol Evolution

Modbus1979

IEC 618502003

IEC 60870-51990-1995

DNP31993

More on DNP3• Mostly specified at layer 2: multiplexing, data fragmentation, error

checking, link control, prioritization, and layer 2 addressing services for user data.

• Created to allow interoperability between various vendors' SCADA components for the electrical grid

• Developed by GE-Harris Canada in 1993, and based on the earlier part of IEC 60870-5 protocol to cater North American requirements.

• Related protocols

– Modbus (Older protocol)

• DNP makes it more robust, efficient, and self compatible.

– IEC 60870-5

• Similar protocols. DNP and IEC 60870-5 have been specified in IEEE P1379

– IEC 61850

• A rising star with new technologies

DNP3 vs. IEC 60870-5• Both are used world-wide, but selection is often based on location

– DNP => Dominant in North America & industrialized Southern Hemisphere countries

– IEC 60870-5 => Dominant in Europe & Middle East

– In most of Asia and South America both are used almost equally.

– DNP has gained wide acceptance in non-electric power applications, where IEC is little used.

• DNP and IEC 60870-5 are Not Compliant to each other. They are slightly different in Physical, Data Link, and Application Layers. DNP adds also a Transport Layer.

• To perform some functions, IEC 60870-5 sends many small messages where DNP will send a smaller number of larger messages

• The larger number of low-level configuration options in IEC 60870-5 tends to require greater knowledge on the part of a system integrator to successfully commission devices

DNP3 vs. IEC 61850• Over the past decade, in the struggle for standardization, DNP3 has

been successful and becomes the de facto standard

• However, DNP3 used “old technology” originally such as serial protocol

– Shift to Ethernet was obtained by packetizing the serial protocol in an Ethernet fashion. It certainly serves the purpose, but is not a true solution to a robust Ethernet protocol

– An object-oriented protocol for DNP3 or Modbus was unachievable

• IEC 61850 is called a “Rising Star”, a true, high-speed, robust, interoperable protocol

– “As information technology becomes more advanced, standards-based, networked technologies via Ethernet are becoming the preferred solution. Object-oriented, self-describing languages will help make substation integration less cumbersome, and that’s the goal of IEC 61850.”

• The use of IEC 61850 in North America is difficult because of the strength of DNP3 in this market

• In order to sell into North America Market, we need DNP3 compliance

Who supports DNP3?GE EnergyCooper Industries (Electrical) Schweitzer Engineering LabGarrettCom

ABBAreva T&DSchneider ElectricSiemens Energy Inc.Motorola Communications ISRAEL

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Country Coverage

Installation in 70 countries

E. Europe• Czech• Bosnia• Croatia• Macedonia• Slovakia• Slovenia• Yugoslavia

Asia • S. Korea• China• Taiwan• H.K.• India• Pakistan• Thailand• Singapore• Indonesia• Philippines• Kazakhstan• Macao• Brunei• Malaysia• Vietnam• Turkey• Burma/Myanmar• Bangladesh• Sri Lanka

Middle East• Lebanon• UAE• Bahrain• Israel• Syria

South America• Columbia• Brazil• Ecuador• Peru•Argentina•Uruguay

USA

China

Africa• Egypt• Tunisia• Libya• Ghana• S. Africa• Benin

• Russia• Poland• Romania• Ukraine• Lithuania• Bulgaria

C. America• El Salvador• Mexico

W. Europe• Norway• UK• France• Belgium• Spain• Netherlands• Sweden• Portugal• Luxembourg• Italy• Greece• Germany• Switzerland

Oceania• New Zealand• Australia

N. America• USA

49/68 49/68 54/70 54/70

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George Wang Director – America Market

Phone: +1.630.877.0031 (USA)

[email protected]

www.looptelecom.com