ADVANCED MINERALOGY FACILITIES
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ADVANCED MINERALOGY FACILITIES
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SGS ADVANCED MINERALOGY LABS
Canada
South Africa Australia
Chile
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ADVANCED MINERALOGY NETWORK
Lab network providing automated process mineralogy services •
QEMSCAN (10 yrs experience, 200+ projects, 10 instruments, 4 countries)
•
XRD, SEM, electron microprobe•
Image analysis•
Petrography (PTS, PS)
Applications•
Exploration mineralogy •
Geometallurgy•
Metallurgical flowsheet design support
•
Ore variability characterization•
Plant control and optimization•
Environmental and mine planning
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ADVANCED MINERALOGY NETWORK
Laboratories dedicated to providing high definition mineralogy services to high volume users•
Several instruments, technologies•
Set of methods to provide “fit-for-purpose” data•
Staffed by technicians backed by scientific expertise •
Statistically grounded, quality control monitored
Operational model similar to geochemical laboratory•
Fee schedule with different test packages•
High volume, high through-put •
Standardized methods•
Custom work available on request •
Pay-as-you-go or strategic partnership•
Consulting is separate and readily available
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WHERE MINERALOGY REALLY CONTRIBUTES
Feasibility ProductionRecycling
ClosureResource Development
Exploration Pre-feasibility Preproduction
Engineering
Construction
Permitting
MappingGeochem
Geophysics
Social AspectsEnvironment
baseline studies testing monitoring
MINING
Productionforecasting
Certification
Metal trading
Resource, reservedevelopment
Drilling1-20 50-100 100++
Bulk Sample
Trenching On-site lab and mill
Met testingscoping flowsheet dev pilot
Explomin
Geometallurgy
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OUR SCOPE OF SERVICE
Gold
PGM
Uranium
Base metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co)
Heavy mineral sands (Ti, Zr, REE)
Diamonds
Tin, tungsten, tantalum, niobium
Iron Ore, manganese and chrome
Industrial minerals
Refractories, slag & smelter products
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MINERALOGICAL SERVICES
Exploration mineralogy
Ore characterization
Petrographic descriptions
Paragenesis, ore associations & modeling
Precious metal deportment (Au, PGE)
Mineral identification by XRD
High definition mineralogy and liberation analysis
Process mineralogy (predictive metallurgy, trouble shooting, process control, plant optimization, etc)
Geometallurgical mapping
Environmental mineralogy
Forensic mineralogy
Sample preparation and custom lapidary services
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VALUE OF ADVANCED MINERALOGY SERVICES
Exploration target definition
Risk reduction
Control and optimization
Feed-forward control
Ore-type definition
Mining planning strategies
Environmental planning
Economic analysis
Future cash-flow forecast
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WHAT IS QEMSCAN?
Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals Using Scanning Electron Microscopy•
Mineralogical instrument that generates high volume, rapid, reproducible analysis. Consists of:
– Zeiss EVO 50 scanning – electron microscope– Gresham SiLi LN2
energy – dispersive X-ray
fluorescence – iExplorer software
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QEMSCAN OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES
SEM maps all grains in the section •
Measures and maps particles at a defined resolution (2–10 µm)
iExplorer selects particles based on the backscatter electron intensity•
Creates pseudo-images in false color
ED-XF identifies minerals on basis of chemistryiExplorer extrapolates the locking-liberation characteristics
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
C o m b in e d P b Gra d e (% )
Gal
ena
Min
eral
Rec
over
y (%
)
C o m p 1C o m p 2C o m p 3C o m p 4C o m p 5
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QEMSCAN AUTOMATED MINERALOGY
Minerals ID EDXRF and shown in false color
SEM Backscattered Image
Grain Size &Mineralogy
Particle Map
Legend
3D Liberation
Chart
Pixel Distribution
Data Display
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QEMSCAN
Pixel spacing and count time determine statistics
QEMSCAN MEASUREMENT STYLE
Particle size, shape factorLiberation characteristicsMineral associations
Data collected and measured:Identification of all mineralsGrain size and abundance Modal mineralogy
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TYPICAL QEMSCAN OUTPUT
Data available•
Particle size
•
Mineral content•
Mineral grain size•
Mineral liberation•
Mineral-mineral ass’n•
Shape factor
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EXAMPLES OF QEM DATA
Cumulative Pentlandite(Violarite) Liberation Ni-sulphide Ore -1.7mm
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0%
<= 10
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<= 20
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<= 30
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<= 40
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<= 50
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<= 60
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<= 70
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<= 80
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<= 90
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< 10
0%10
0%
Liberation classes
Cum
ulat
ive
%
-53-106/+53-212/+106-425/+212-850/+425+850Combined
Cumulative Pyrrhotite Liberation Ni-sulphide Ore -1.7mm
0
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0%
<= 10
%
<= 20
%
<= 30
%
<= 40
%
<= 50
%
<= 60
%
<= 70
%
<= 80
%
<= 90
%
< 10
0%10
0%
Liberation classes
Cum
ulat
ive
%
-53-106/+53-212/+106-425/+212-850/+425+850Combined
0
10
20
30
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50
60
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80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Combined Pb Grade (%)
Gal
ena
Min
eral
Rec
over
y (%
)
Comp 1Comp 2Comp 3Comp 4Comp 5
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X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER
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MINERAL IDENTIFICATION BY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
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LAKEFIELD CANADA, AMF
High Definition MineralogyQEMSCAN, electron microprobe, XRD, image analysis, optical petrographyGeometallurgy, exploration mineralogy, ore characterization, liberation modeling
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SANTIAGO, CHILE AMF
High Definition MineralogyGeometallurgyOre characterizationMetallurgical product analysis
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QEMSCAN MEASUREMENT STYLE
High Definition MineralogyPrecious metal deportment GeometallurgyOre characterization
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PERTH, AUSTRALIA, AMF
High Definition MineralogyQEMSCAN, image analysis, optical petrographyGeometallurgy, exploration mineralogy, ore characterization
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QEMSCAN - APPLICATIONS
Exploration & Development
Mining
Processing
Grade & volume
Grade & tonnes
Grade & recovery
Exploration
Geometallurgy
Process design and development
Plant metallurgical quality control
Plant optimization
Production forecasting
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