Designing Multi-story Wood Structures Advanced Wood Framing Scott Nyseth, PE ADVANCED FRAMING The Genesis: “Operation Breakthrough” (Not a code name for a military offensive) • HUD sponsorship – started 1969 • “stimulate the private housing industry by promoting volume industrialized housing production, particularly through modular construction. “ • “not a program designed to see just how cheaply we can build a house, but a way to break through to total new systems of housing production, financing, marketing, and land use.” “Operation Breakthrough”
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ADVANCED FRAMING Advanced Wood Framing Multi-story Wood Structures Advanced Wood Framing Scott Nyseth, PE ADVANCED FRAMING The Genesis: “Operation Breakthrough” (Not a code name
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Designing Multi-story Wood Structures
Advanced Wood Framing
Scott Nyseth, PE
ADVANCED FRAMING
The Genesis:
“Operation Breakthrough”
(Not a code name for a military offensive)
• HUD sponsorship – started 1969• “stimulate the private housing industry by
promoting volume industrialized housing production, particularly through modular construction. “
• “not a program designed to see just how cheaply we can build a house, but a way to break through to total new systems of housing production, financing, marketing, and land use.”
“Operation Breakthrough”
• Terminated in 1979.
• Positives:• The National Association of Home Builders
(NAHB) along with the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL)
• proposed construction methods for Optimum Value Engineering (OVE) which is also know as the Advanced Framing Method.
Operation Breakthrough How does Advanced Framing fit into our current approach to sustainable design?
LEED for Homes gives credit for using Advanced Framing Techniques
LEED for Commercial gives no direct credit for Advanced Framing Techniques. The benefit will show up in energy savings in the energy model.
There should be some incentive to save the material though…
Some jurisdictions recognize this material saving benefit –
The City of Portland Office of Sustainable Development and the PDC both got it right: The Green Building Resource Manual requires, 24”oc framing, 2 stud corners, engineered lumber, and box headers. These are “threshold” or required strategies which reflect the savings of an important natural resource, as well as energy.
The Building America program is a US Department of Energy (DOE) program which utilizes the Whole Building approach to energy efficiency, where an overall energy consumption savings is targeted, and the details of how you get there do not matter (Energy Star Rating). Advanced Framing is an important tool to achieve energy savings, but it is not required. That being said, almost all buildings in this program utilize Advanced Framing Techniques.
Details of Advanced Framing
Elimination of unnecessary wood framing in a structure
Simply =
Image from Cost Effective Home Building: A Design and Construction Handbook by the NAHB
Not So Advanced Framing
Image from Cost Effective Home Building: A Design and Construction Handbook by the NAHB
Advanced Framing
Image from Cost Effective Home Building: A Design and Construction Handbook by the NAHB
Advanced Framing AlignmentAdvanced Framing
• Studs at 24” o.c.• Two stud corners or other means to fully
insulate corners• One stud is used to support each header• R-10 headers• Fully insulated interior/exterior wall
intersections• 17% of the wall is studs and headers• Conventional = 23% studs/header (�=35%)
Advanced Framing System
• 2 Stud CornersAdvanced Framing System
Advanced Framing System
• Hardware used to eliminate cripples at wall openings
Advanced Framing System
•Single Top Plate
Energy Saving Details
• Insulated headers
• No header necessary at non-bearing walls
Energy Saving Details
• Recessed Header
• Trusses & Joist “Stacked” over studs
Energy Saving Details
• Full and even insulation depth to the outside edge of the exterior walls
• Raised heel or oversized trusses
Energy Saving Details
• Airtight electrical boxes in exterior walls and ceilings
Energy Saving Details
• Seal ALL penetrations to the outside
Pearl Family HousingOwner: Ed McNamara/Turtle Island DevelopmentEngineer: Miyamoto InternationalArchitect: Ankrom Moison Associated ArchitectsContractor: Walsh Construction Company
Fire and Life Safety
Parking Level Meets the definition of a basement , does not contribute to area or height limitation.
Ground Floor Type IA Construction – Occupancy S2, B, E, A2.
Allowable Height - Unlimited
Allowable Stories - One Story
Allowable Area - Unlimited
Podium (2-6) Type IIIB Construction – Occupancy R2
Allowable Height - 55’
Allowable Stories - Four Stories
Allowable Area - 16,000 sf
Modifications to height
Use automatic sprinkler system to add one story and 20’ to allowable height.
Modified height Allowance (fire and life safety) = 75’
Structural height allowance for plywood shear walls = 65’
The Structural height limitation controls the building height!
Type IIIB details
2hr Exterior Bearing Walls – Fire retardant treated wood req’d
• Galvanized or Stainless Steel fasteners required
• Reduce structural properties of wood
Exterior Bearing Wall
Case Study – Advanced Framing Quantify lumber savings for various
Advanced Framing details:
Douglas Fir can produce 1000 bd ft of lumber per year per acre such that every 30 years approximately 30,000 bd ft can be logged.