Using Advanced DSLR Features Exposure Triangle Changing Speed/Aperture • When you move shutter speed or aperture dials on the camera body, each click is 1/3 stop. • 3 clicks = 1 stop White Button Check • Before going out to shoot, do a “white button” check. • ISO, speed, aperture, white balance • Did you forget to turn off bracketing? • Be able to find buttons in the dark! • Do you have a battery? A formatted card? Shutter Speed • Reciprocal shutter speed rule. Minimum shutter speed should be equal to or greater than 1/focal length of lens. • Wide angle lens up to “normal” lens use speed > 1/60 s • 100 mm - 150 mm use 1/300-400 s • telephoto lens (say 200-300 mm) use 1/600-800-… s • To achieve proper speed with appropriate depth of field (lens dependent), you may need to raise ISO. https://photographylife.com/what-is-reciprocal-rule-in-photography Shutter Speed • Reciprocal shutter speed rule. Minimum shutter speed should be equal to or greater than 1/focal length of lens. 200 mm 50 mm 400 mm
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Using Advanced DSLR Features
Exposure Triangle
Changing Speed/Aperture• When you move shutter speed or aperture
dials on the camera body, each click is 1/3 stop.
• 3 clicks = 1 stop
White Button Check• Before going out to shoot, do a “white
shutter speed should be equal to or greater than 1/focal length of lens.
200 mm50 mm 400 mm
Usable ISOThe chart shows the maximum useable ISO for given cameras introduced over the last 12 years. Notice how the dots are higher on the chart the further you go to the right. The newer cameras are to the right of the graph and the tests show that they can shoot at higher ISO values with less digital noise.
Usable ISO• Start with ISO 200 in “normal” conditions.
• To capture a flying bird, may need to use higher ISO
(say 800-1000) to have high enough shutter speed.
• With newer cameras you can easily go to ISO 1600
or even higher (and use Lightroom or Nik software
to filter noise).
ISO 100, 340 mm, f/8, 1/500 s ISO 800, 340 mm, f/9, 1/1000 s
ISO 1000, 340 mm, f/7.1, 1/4000 s ISO 1600, 35 mm, f/7.1, 13.0 s on tripod, in moonlight
ISO 3200, 35 mm, f/4,
1/60
Use AUTO ISO
AUTO ISO• Nikon calls it “Auto ISO sensitivity control” (in the
Shooting Menu). Camera will find ISO (up to spec’d
max value) that gives best photo under conditions
set.
ISO you have set
Max ISO allowedMinimum speed that satisfies reciprocal rule.
Auto-Focus: Mode GroupsThere are 3 MODE GROUPS
• Autofocus Modes: how it focuses
• Single (AF-S) and continuous (AF-C)
• AF-Area Modes: where it focuses
• Single point, Dynamic area (9, 21, 51 points), 3D-tracking, Group, Auto-area
• Release Modes: when it focuses
• Single frame, continuous (H and L), Quiet, Self-timer, MUP
Auto-Focus: Mode Groups• Single (AF-S) used when subject is not
moving.
• Remember you can move the focus point around in the viewer.
• Nikon now has AF-S, Group Mode. Especially good in Face Detection mode.
Auto-Focus: Mode Groups• (AF-C) used when subject is moving.
• Can use 9, 21, or 51 points to focus.
• 3D-Tracking: Camera not only tracks by subject area but also remembers the color of the subject and uses that it track even more accurately.
• Auto-Area: “…turns the camera into an expensive point and shoot camera. … This is a great people mode.”
Histograms & ETTR• Each vertical line in the graph represents the number of
pixels in the image for each brightness value, from 0 (black) on the left to 255 (white) on the right. The vertical axis measures the number of pixels at each level.
• A 12 bit sensor captures 4096 bits of data per channel.
• Half of the 4096 levels are devoted the brightest stop, half of the remainder (1024) to the next brightest, half of the remainder (512) to the next stop, and so on.
• This is the basis of the idea of ETTR - expose to the right
Histograms & ETTR• ETTR - Expose to the Right
• Because most of the information captured by the sensor is at the brighter end, it is better to bias the exposure to the right (bright) end.