Advanced Concepts – 5G Background Applications & Requirements Radio Technology Candidates Networking Trends Status and Timeline Parts of the presentation are taken from material that has been provided by M. Meyer (Ericsson Research, Germany) and M. Lott (DoCoMo Euro-Labs, Germany)
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Advanced Concepts – 5G
Background Applications & Requirements Radio Technology Candidates Networking Trends Status and Timeline
Parts of the presentation are taken from material that has been provided by M. Meyer (Ericsson Research, Germany) and M. Lott (DoCoMo Euro-Labs, Germany)
Cellular Communication Systems 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G – Background
Dramatic change of mobile communication landscape Data hungry applications requiring further increase of bandwidth M2M (machine to machine) comm. requires huge number of
connected devices New applications with extreme low latency and high reliability
requirements Limits of 4G to fulfill these requirements due to applied methods and system
structure Limits in network capacity due to access scheme and resource
management Latency limit > 20ms due to frame structure and network topology
Transmission techniques are further advancing Increased signal processing capabilities allow new approaches Modern components (amplifier, mixers, etc.) allow cost-efficient use
also on higher frequency bands, esp. > 10 GHz=> many research activities in Europe, North America and Asia on 5G
Target: 5G mobile communication systems emerge around 2020
Cellular Communication Systems 3Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G – Use Cases and Examples
Source: “NGNM 5G White paper,” NGNM Alliance, Feb. 2015
Cellular Communication Systems 4Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Key Capabilities
Key capabilities for different usage scenarios
Enhancement of key capabilities from IMT-Advanced to IMT-2020
Source: “Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0,” ITU, Sep. 2015
Cellular Communication Systems 5Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G Requirements and Performance Targets
High Data Rates
10 – 100 x increaseeven for high mobility
High System Capacity
1000 x improvementin capacity per area
Massive DeviceConnectivity
100 x improvementeven in crowded areas
Reduced Latency
Latency < 1msend-to-end
Energy Saving &Cost Reduction
Network & Terminalsincl. backhaul
Cellular Communication Systems 6Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Directions of Evolution – The 5G Cube
Traffic Capacity [MBps/m2]
Available Spectrum [MHz]
• Spectrum extension
• Licensed/ unlicensed access
Network Density [sites/km2]
• Network densification
• Higher frequencies
• Advanced beamforming
Spectrum Efficiency [MBps/MHz/site]
• Massive MIMO
• Flexible Multi-Access/Duplexing
• Reduction of control overhead
5G
curr.cap.
Cellular Communication Systems 7Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
New Spectrum for 5G
From sub-GHz to mm-Wave
Lower frequencies for full-area coverage
Complementary use of higher frequencies
Extreme traffic capacity and data rates in dense scenarios
Cellular Communication Systems 8Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
OFDM as a Base for Physical Layer Flexibility
Modifying characteristicsby digital signal processing
Cellular Communication Systems 9Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Enhanced Multiple-Access Schemes
Application of non-orthogonal access schemes, e.g. NOMA or SCMA Usage of advanced interference cancellation techniques Exploitation of pathloss differences between the users Random access based data transmission
Cellular Communication Systems 10Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Duplex Arrangement
FDD dominating in lower (licensed) bands Coverage benefits Avoids some nasty interference
situations (BS BS, device device)
TDD more relevant for higher bands targeting very wide bandwidths in dense deployments Easier to find unpaired spectrum More dynamic traffic variations Access nodes and devices
becoming more similar
Cellular Communication Systems 11Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Beam-Forming Applications
5G air-interface optimized for beam-formed operation Beam-centric design considerations:
Self-contained transmissions allowing for rapid beam re-direction “Beam mobility” – Mobility between beams rather than nodes System plane matched to beam-formed user plane
Cellular Communication Systems 12Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Device-to-Device Communication
D2D communication as well-integrated part of the overall wireless access solution Direct peer-to-peer D2D communication as an overall more efficient mode Direct D2D communication as a means to extend coverage (device-based
relaying) High-speed inter-device communication provides “joint” transmission
and/or reception between multiple devices (cooperative devices)
Cellular Communication Systems 13Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Ultra-Lean Design
Minimize network transmissions not directly related to user-data delivery Resources are treated as
undefined unless explicitly indicated otherwise
Advantages Reduced interference Higher achievable data rates Enhanced network energy
performance Future-proof design
Cellular Communication Systems 14Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Decoupling of User Data and System Control Information
Scale user-plane capacity independently of system control resources Well-matched to beam-formed radio-interface design Well-aligned with ultra-lean design
Cellular Communication Systems 15Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G – Wireless Access
Evolution of existing technology + New radio-access technology LTE will be integral part of the overall 5G radio solution Application of selected 5G technologies also to LTE-Advanced
Cellular Communication Systems 16Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G Technologies Interworking
5G shall tightly interwork with existing 4G networks Offers a smooth way for migration to 5G
Dual connectivity Initial deployment on higher
bands for extreme traffic capacity and data rates
LTE on lower bands for full coverage and robust mobility Smooth introduction of 5G
in new spectrum
User-plane aggregation Migration into legacy bands
while retaining full bandwidthavailability for new devices Smooth migration of new RAT
into legacy bands
Cellular Communication Systems 17Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
SDN & NFV as Enablers for 5G
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is complementary to Software Defined Networking (SDN) SDN: Abstraction and programmability of virtualized transport NFV: Realization of network functions on commodity IT servers by means
of virtualization and cloud technologies
SDN and NFV provide means to fulfill future requirements of a 5G architecture Open interfaces To help
integrate different componentsholistically
HW independency Possibledue to decoupling of SW and HW
Pre-standardization by ETSI NFV-ISG Source: “Network Functions Virtualisation –Introductory White Paper,” ETSI, 2012
Cellular Communication Systems 18Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Software Defined Networking
Cellular Communication Systems 19Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Network Function Virtualisation (NFV)
Source: “Network Functions Virtualisation – Introductory White Paper,” ETSI, 2012
Cellular Communication Systems 20Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
SDN & NFV Properties
Benefits CAPEX reduction
Use of high volume industry standard hardware (e.g. x86-based servers) Open interface for holistic integration of components & applications Multi-vendor ecosystem for HW, platform and telco applications (avoiding vendor
lock-in) Multiplexing gain: Optimization of resource sharing between different services
OPEX reduction Quick & easy deployment of new services Dynamic and flexible resource allocation (scale-in/ scale-out) Energy efficient operation (shut-down of unused resources)
Resiliency Fault tolerance - resource usage by different geographical areas Auto-healing
Challenges Significant overhead: processing power, signaling, etc. Increased complexity of operation Handling of latency for delay-critical items
Cellular Communication Systems 21Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Network Slicing – Ideas for the Network Architecture for 5G
Slicing of a single physical network into multiple, virtual, end-to-end networks Logical isolation of devices, access, transport and core network for different
types of services with different characteristics and requirements Dedicated (virtual) resources for each slice isolated from other slices Single physical network to support a variety of devices with different
characteristics and needs, e.g. mobile broadband, massive IoT, mission-critical IoT, etc. with different features wrt mobility, charging, security, policy control, latency, reliability, etc.
5G Use Case Example RequirementsMobile Broadband 4K/8K UHD, hologram,
Low latency (ITS 5ms, motion control 1 ms)high reliability
Cellular Communication Systems 22Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Network Slicing: Single Network for Different Services
Cellular Communication Systems 23Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Network Slicing, SDN and NFV
Cellular Communication Systems 24Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
Mobile Network Architecture – Evolution Path
Cellular Communication Systems 25Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G – Status (Dec. 2015)
5G is still in a research stage with various activities Europe: METIS, HORIZON 2020, METIS-II, … North-America: many university programs Asia: activities in Japan, China and South-Korea
Cooperation between university research groups, manufacturers and operators Many 5G research centers around the world In Europe: Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) projects Demonstration of some 5G capabilities: 10 GBps, 1 ms, … Also focus on new applications such as IoT, Car2x, …
Operators are already defining their requirements for the new system White papers from 4G Americas, NGMN
The ITU-R is working on the requirements Preparation for World Radio Conference 2019
3GPP has started their work on 5G First RAN workshop on 5G in Sep. 2015 The requirements and scope of the new radio interface will be established by RAN
in a new SI starting in December 2015 There shall be new SI on system architecture to be approved by SA
See 5gworldnews.com for details
Cellular Communication Systems 26Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G Timeline – Phased Approach
NGMN and ITU aligned, with an initial 5G in 2nd half of 2018
Cellular Communication Systems 27Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mueckenheim Nov. 2017
5G Literature and References
5G research papers G. Fettweis, S. Alamouti: “5G: Personal Mobile Internet beyond What Cellular Did
to Telephony,” IEEE Com. Mag., Feb. 2014, pp. 140 – 145 A. Osseiran et al: “Scenarios for 5G Mobile and Wireless, Communications: The
Vision of the METIS Project,” IEEE Com. Mag., May 2014, pp. 26 – 35 E. Dahlman et al: “5G Wireless Access: Requirements and Realization,” IEEE Com.
Mag., Dec. 2014, pp. 42 – 47 G. Wunder et al: “5GNOW: Non-Orthogonal, Asynchronous Waveforms for Future
Mobile Applications,” IEEE Com. Mag., Feb. 2014, pp. 97 – 105 P.K. Agyapong et al: “Design Consideration for a 5G Network Architecture,” IEEE
Com. Mag., Nov. 2014, pp. 65 – 755G white papers
NGMN Alliance: “5G White Paper,” Feb. 2015 4G Americas: “5G Technology Evolution Recommendations,” Oct. 2015 ITU-R: “IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development
of IMT for 2020 and beyond,” Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, Sep. 20155G books
Afif Osseiran, Jose F. Monserrat, Patrick Marsch: “5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology,” Cambridge University Press, June 2016.