NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Advanced Biofuels Production in the USA: Status and Outlook Advanced Biofuels Conference 2019 James D. (Jim) McMillan, Ph.D. National Bioenergy Center, NREL Stockholm, Sweden 19 September, 2019
18
Embed
Advanced Biofuels Production in the USA: Status and Outlook · −Co-locate advanced production with existing facilities (oil refineries or biorefineries) Conclusions and Outlook
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Advanced Biofuels Productionin the USA: Status and Outlook
Advanced Biofuels Conference 2019
James D. (Jim) McMillan, Ph.D.National Bioenergy Center, NRELStockholm, Sweden
Bioenergy use in 2015 and in IEA’s 2060 “2 Degree Scenario” (2DS)
èAchieving 2060 2DS will require major shifts from traditional to modern bioenergy technologies as well as large capacity expansion across all sectors, especially biofuels
• US remains world’s #1 producer and user of biofuels, mostly starch-based ethanol and lipid/fat-based biodiesels– In 2018, produced ~ 60.9 B L (16.1 B gal)
ethanol, primarily from domestic corn grain (~ 210 facilities)
– In 2018, produced ∼8.4 B L (∼2.2 B gal) biodiesel fuels (FAME + HVO) from domestic and imported oleaginous feedstocks (~ 100 facilities)
60.9 B liters (16.1 B US gallons)Ethanol Production 2000 - 2018
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0123456789
20102011
20122013
20142015
20162017
20182019
Billi
on Li
ters
FAME and RD Diesel (incl biojet) Biofuels Production 2009-2018
• Major policy drivers: The US federal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) and California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) incentivize production of lower carbon intensity biofuels
• Challenges:– Petroleum prices too low since mid-
2014 for most advanced biofuels to be economically competitive without policy support
– Capital costs are high and many feedstocks lack proven supply chains
– On-going policy uncertainty hinders new large investments
• Trends:– Many companies redirecting RD&D
strategy towards more profitable lower volume, higher margin products
– Growing R&D on wastes as feedstocks and new coproducts that can reduce net advanced biofuels production cost (in multi-product biorefinery context)
US Production of Advanced Biofuels
0
5
10
15
20
05
1015202530
20102011
20122013
20142015
20162017
20182019
Ad v.
D3,
D5
(Mill
ion
Gallo
ns)
Advanced Ethanol Production 2010-2019
> 60% GHG reduction (D3)
>50% GHG reduction (D5)
>20% GHG reduction (D6)
Conv
. D6
(Bill
ion
Gallo
ns)
Ethanol
0
500
1000
1500
2000
20102011
20122013
20142015
20162017
20182019
Adv. Diesel Biofuels Production 2010 - 2019
D4 FAMED4 RDD4 BiojetD5 RDD6 FAME
Biod
iese
lFue
ls (M
illio
n US
Gal
lons
)
proj
ecte
d
Biodiesels
Emerging Opportunities & New Initiatives
To increase efficiency, maximize impacts
9
Maximizing Impact Across Production and Use
• better fuels. better vehicles. sooner.
Crosscutting initiative tackling fuel and engine innovation to co-optimize performance, maximize transport efficiency. Results to inform future TCP studies of Adv. Fuels in Adv. Engines.
• Dramatically decrease transport sector pollutants and GHG emissions
Example: USDOE’s Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines Initiative “Co-optima”
Draws on collaborative expertise of two DOE research offices, nine national
laboratories, and numerous industry and academic partners.
http://energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/co-optimization-fuels-enginesEarly finding: Attractive combo is higher ethanol (octane) blends in high compression engines.
Using Lower Cost Circular Economy FeedstocksExample: Enerkem’s MSW to Alcohols Gasification & Catalysis Technology
Courtesy of Dr. Helena Chum (NREL)
12
Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Corn Fiber• Multiple routes being commercialized to convert some or most of the corn
kernel fiber present in corn ethanol dry mill facilities to cellulosic ethanol (CE)− Lower capital investment route to cellulosic ethanol albeit volume limited
• Several companies have developed technologies for this that achieve different levels of incremental ethanol (cellulosic ethanol) yield gain
Source: K. Cagle (Novozmes). Bioeconomy 2017 conference, session 1E: Drawing a Roadmap to Cellulosic Biofuel Deployment, July 11, 2017 .
13
Marine Biofuels Market Opportunity
13
− SWOT analysis for marine biofuelsKey Findings:
• Large market: 90% int’l trade uses shippingPros
• Relatively few major marine ports to supply• New multi-fuel engines can also use alcohol
biofuels (e.g., MeOH, EtOH)Cons
• Development remains challenging because testing requires 1) very large volumes; and 2) effective coordination among fuels producers, engine builders and ship owners
• Marine biofuels identified as a large, nearer-term opportunity− Must reduce sulfur emissions; most biofuels have low sulfur levels− Many ship engines can use lower specification fuels
• Task 39 report (2017) and webinar (2018)“Biofuels for the Marine Shipping Sector”
3. Many technologically advanced routes well proven; economics challenged by high capital costs; large investments risky given on-going policy uncertainty
4. Strategies to speed deployment being pursued− Use less costly “circular economy” feedstocks (e.g., gaseous
wastes, corn fiber, MSW, etc.)− Co-locate advanced production with existing facilities (oil
refineries or biorefineries)
Conclusions and Outlook1. Biofuels are essential to decarbonize heavy duty transport and also remain
important for light duty transport until substantial electrification achieved
2. Production and use of advanced biofuels continues to increase in the USA, albeit below rate needed to reach future targets (2DS)
5. Outlook mixed for US to remain world’s leading producer/user− Pro: Recent federal legislation approving E15 use year-round− Con: Supportive long-term policy needed and in recent years this has been elusive
6. Effective and stable long-term policies are key to realizing faster progress− Implementation of state level LCFS policies in California, Oregon, etc., leading the way
16
• IEA Bioenergy and IEA Bioenergy Task 39www.ieabioenergy.com & task39.ieabioenergy.com
• International Energy Agency (IEA)www.iea.org
• International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)www.irena.org
• US Energy Information Administration (EIA)www.eia.gov
• USDOE EERE’s BioEnergy Technologies Office (BETO)• IEA Bioenergy Task 39• NREL’s National Bioenergy Center, Biosciences Center and BioEnergy
Science and Technology (BEST) Directorate
Acknowledgments
This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding partially provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO). The views expressed do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.