advance network systems

7/23/2019 advance network systems

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LAN TechnologiesLAN Technologies

Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts


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Types of networksTypes of networks

LAN: Local Area Network- SmallLAN: Local Area Network- Small

network limited up to 100mts.network limited up to 100mts.

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network-MAN: Metropolitan Area Network-Medium range. Can cover wole cit!Medium range. Can cover wole cit!

or to oter cities.or to oter cities.

"AN: "ide Area Network- #lo$al"AN: "ide Area Network- #lo$al

network.network.


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What is LAN?What is LAN? %n general terms& LAN 'Local Area Network( re)ers%n general terms& LAN 'Local Area Network( re)ers

to a group o) computers interconnected into ato a group o) computers interconnected into anetwork so tat te! are a$le to communicate&network so tat te! are a$le to communicate&

e*cange in)ormation and sare resources 'e.g.e*cange in)ormation and sare resources 'e.g.printers& application programs& data$ase etc(.printers& application programs& data$ase etc(.

+ac computer in a LAN can e,ectivel! send and+ac computer in a LAN can e,ectivel! send andreceive an! in)ormation addressed to it. isreceive an! in)ormation addressed to it. isin)ormation is in te )orm o) data packets. ein)ormation is in te )orm o) data packets. e

standards )ollowed to regulari/e te transmissionstandards )ollowed to regulari/e te transmissiono) packets& are called LAN standards.o) packets& are called LAN standards.


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The Three EntitiesThe Three Entities

Servers: e! provide services.Servers: e! provide services.

Clients: e! reuest )or te services.Clients: e! reuest )or te services.

eers: e! can do $ot.eers: e! can do $ot.

CL%+N

CL%+NCL%+N1

S+23+2

CL%+N4CL%+N5

Client-Server Model eer-eer Model


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The ServerThe Server

is is te Computer wit igeris is te Computer wit iger

grade con6guration aving 'N7S(grade con6guration aving 'N7S(

Network 7perating S!stem. +.gNetwork 7perating S!stem. +.g

"indows 5000& "indows 8 ro).&"indows 5000& "indows 8 ro).&Linu*. +tc.Linu*. +tc.

e s!stem is designed to takee s!stem is designed to take

multiple reuests )rom te Clientsmultiple reuests )rom te Clientsand to coordinate te saring o)and to coordinate te saring o)

various related services to tem.various related services to tem.


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Services in the NetworkServices in the Network

9ile services9ile services 9ile trans)er9ile trans)er 9ile storage data migration9ile storage data migration 9ile update9ile update 9ile arciving9ile arciving

rint Servicesrint Services ;ueue print reuest;ueue print reuest Sare printersSare printers


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Computer Network ModelsComputer Network Models

Centralised networkCentralised network Server Centric.Server Centric.

Main 9rameMain 9ramearcitecture.arcitecture.

=um$ Clients=um$ Clients

Slow serviceSlow service

MBCL%+N5

=>MBCL%+N4


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=istri$uted network=istri$uted network %ntelligent Clients%ntelligent Clients

Can use an! resourcesCan use an! resources Can communicate witCan communicate wit

eac oterseac oters 9ast services9ast services

Medium securit!Medium securit!

S+23+2

CL%+N1 CL%+N5 CL%+N4


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Colla$orated networkColla$orated network More tan one serverMore tan one server

More tan one networksMore tan one networkscan communicatecan communicate >sed )or MAN or "AN>sed )or MAN or "AN 9astest services9astest services

Low securit!Low securit!

S+23+25>N+

CL%+N A CL%+N B CL%+N C

S+23+21M>MBA%


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TopoloiesTopoloies

Bus Topology :Bus Topology : LANs use a $us topolog!& in wic devices connect directl!LANs use a $us topolog!& in wic devices connect directl!

to te $ack$one at $ot te p!sical and logical levels .to te $ack$one at $ot te p!sical and logical levels .is t!pe o) LAN is ver! eas! to use and ceap tois t!pe o) LAN is ver! eas! to use and ceap toimplement& $ut te pro$lem is to trou$lesoot andimplement& $ut te pro$lem is to trou$lesoot and

maintain.maintain. aa busbusis a su$s!stem tat trans)ers data $etweenis a su$s!stem tat trans)ers data $etween

computer components inside acomputer components inside a computercomputeror $etweenor $etweencomputers. >nlike acomputers. >nlike a point-to-point connectionpoint-to-point connection& a $us can& a $us canlogicall!logicall!connect severalconnect several periperalsperiperalsover te same set o)over te same set o)

wires. +ac $us de6nes its set o)wires. +ac $us de6nes its set o) connectorsconnectorsto p!sicall!to p!sicall!plug devices& cards or ca$les togeter.plug devices& cards or ca$les togeter.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer


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%n a network& te master sceduler controls te data tra?c. %) data%n a network& te master sceduler controls te data tra?c. %) data

is to $e trans)erred te reuesting computer sends a message tois to $e trans)erred te reuesting computer sends a message to

te sceduler& wic puts te reuest into a ueue. e messagete sceduler& wic puts te reuest into a ueue. e message

contains an identi6cation code wic is $roadcast to all nodes o)contains an identi6cation code wic is $roadcast to all nodes o)

te network. e sceduler works out priorities and noti6es tete network. e sceduler works out priorities and noti6es te

receiver as soon as te $us is availa$le.receiver as soon as te $us is availa$le. e identi6ed node takes te message and per)orms te datae identi6ed node takes te message and per)orms te data

trans)er $etween te two computers.


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Star Topology :Star Topology : %n tis topolog! & a individual twisted pair%n tis topolog! & a individual twisted pairor 6$er optic ca$le is coming )rom eac node andor 6$er optic ca$le is coming )rom eac node andterminating at central network concentrator asterminating at central network concentrator [email protected] star wiring simpli6es LAN [email protected] star wiring simpli6es LAN administrationand maintenance.and maintenance.

Advantages:Advantages: Better perormanceBetter perormance

Isolation o devicesIsolation o devices

Benefts rom centralizationBenefts rom centralization

SimplicitySimplicity


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Token Ring Topology :Token Ring Topology : Stations on a oken 2ing networkStations on a oken 2ing network

attac to te network using a multi-station access unitattac to te network using a multi-station access unit

'MA> ( troug >@S ca$le. Altoug te oken 2ing is'MA> ( troug >@S ca$le. Altoug te oken 2ing is

logicall! a ring& p!sicall! it is a star& wit devices radiatinglogicall! a ring& p!sicall! it is a star& wit devices radiating

)rom eac MA> .)rom eac MA> .


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Token rin networkToken rin network


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Logical Networkse*amples


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!hysical networks e"amples!hysical networks e"amples

Bus opolog! Mi* opolog!


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Essentials for LANEssentials for LAN

Netork !evicesNetork !evicessuc as "orkstations& rinters& 9ilesuc as "orkstations& rinters& 9ile

Servers wic are normall! accessed $! all oterServers wic are normall! accessed $! all oter

computers.computers. Netork "ommunication !evicesNetork "ommunication !evicesi.e. devices suc asi.e. devices suc as

u$s& routers& switces etc.& used )or network operationsu$s& routers& switces etc.& used )or network operations

Netork Interace "ards #NI"$s%Netork Interace "ards #NI"$s%)or eac network)or eac network

device reuired to access te network .device reuired to access te network .

"able"ableas a p!sical transmission medium.as a p!sical transmission medium. Netork &perating System 'Netork &perating System 'so)tware applicationsso)tware applications

reuired to control te use o) te network LAN standards.reuired to control te use o) te network LAN standards.


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Network Communication devicesNetwork Communication devices

Repeater :Repeater : A =evice tat ampli6es and regeneratesA =evice tat ampli6es and regeneratessignals & so tat te! can travel )or longer distance on tesignals & so tat te! can travel )or longer distance on teca$le.ca$le.

Router or Bridge:Router or Bridge:e $asic )unction o) te router is toe $asic )unction o) te router is toroute te tra?c )rom one network to anoter networkroute te tra?c )rom one network to anoter networke?cientl!. %t provides intelligent redundanc! and securit!e?cientl!. %t provides intelligent redundanc! and securit!reuired to select te optimum pat.reuired to select te optimum pat. Usually routers areUsually routers areused for connecting remote networks.used for connecting remote networks.

(ub :(ub :A t!pical u$ is a multi-port repeater. e signalsA t!pical u$ is a multi-port repeater. e signalsreceived at te $ack$one is regenerated and transmitted toreceived at te $ack$one is regenerated and transmitted toall oter ports.all oter ports.

Sitc) :Sitc) :is is a device wit multiple ports wicis is a device wit multiple ports wic)orwards packets )rom one port to anoter. %n case o))orwards packets )rom one port to anoter. %n case o)10M$ps +ternet switc& eac port supports dedicated10M$ps +ternet switc& eac port supports dedicated10M$ps $andwidt.10M$ps $andwidt.

*odems:*odems: Converts =igital signals to Analog and vice versaConverts =igital signals to Analog and vice versai.e Modulation and =emodulation.i.e Modulation and =emodulation.


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Transmission mediaTransmission media e p!sical medium $! wic data ise p!sical medium $! wic data is

transmitted )rom one computer to oter.transmitted )rom one computer to oter. !pes o) media:!pes o) media:

"ired media"ired media

"ireless media"ireless media 9actors depending:9actors depending:

Cost o) mediumCost o) medium %nstallation metod%nstallation metod Capacit!Capacit!

=istance=istance Attenuation 'distur$ance(Attenuation 'distur$ance( +lectromagnetic %nter)erence '+M%(+lectromagnetic %nter)erence '+M%(


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!hysical!hysicalTransmissionTransmissionMedia#Media#

$Wired media%$Wired media%

"ables:"ables: "oa+ial cable :"oa+ial cable :CConsists o) a sti, copper conductor wire asonsists o) a sti, copper conductor wire as

core surrounded $! an insulating material and wire mes core surrounded $! an insulating material and wire mes cover. ere are two t!pe o) coa*ial ca$les used in +ternetcover. ere are two t!pe o) coa*ial ca$les used in +ternetLAN - ick coa*ial ca$le used )or distances upto 00m andLAN - ick coa*ial ca$le used )or distances upto 00m and

tin coa*ial ca$les upto 1m.tin coa*ial ca$les upto 1m. +.g 2#& 2#& 2#& 2#D+.g 2#& 2#& 2#& 2#D Tisted pair cable:Tisted pair cable:e! are )our pairs o) insulated coppere! are )our pairs o) insulated copper

conductors twisted and $ounded $! single plastic seatconductors twisted and $ounded $! single plastic seatwit or witout conductor sield termed as S and >wit or witout conductor sield termed as S and >respectivel!respectivel!.. +.g CA4& CA 'Categor! (+.g CA4& CA 'Categor! (

,iber &ptic "ables :,iber &ptic "ables :e medium used is optical 6$ere medium used is optical 6$erinstead o) an! conductors .e in)ormation is transmitted ininstead o) an! conductors .e in)ormation is transmitted in)orm o) optical signal. =ue to te ig speed o) optical)orm o) optical signal. =ue to te ig speed o) opticalsignals te ca$le can support ig $andwidt )or longersignals te ca$le can support ig $andwidt )or longerdistance. =epending upon te t!pe o) 6$er& tere are twodistance. =epending upon te t!pe o) 6$er& tere are twot!pes o) 9i$er 7ptic ca$les& single mode and multi-mode.t!pes o) 9i$er 7ptic ca$les& single mode and multi-mode.


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!hysical!hysicalTransmissionTransmissionMedia#Media#

$Wireless media%$Wireless media%

2adio wave2adio wave

MicrowaveMicrowave

%n)rared%n)rared


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Network &iaramsNetwork &iarams


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Methods of Layin the ca'les for LANMethods of Layin the ca'les for LAN

nder Eoor

racewa!sracewa!s

>nder Eoor>nder Eoorconduitingconduiting

artition gaskets orartition gaskets or

ca$le ousingsca$le ousings

9alse Eoors9alse Eoors Casing cappingCasing capping

Ceiling ductingCeiling ducting

3ertical La!ing:3ertical La!ing: Service ductsService ducts

3C ipes3C ipes

l!wood $o*ingl!wood $o*ing Snake conduitsSnake conduits

Casing CappingCasing Capping

9alse sa)ts9alse sa)ts


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Layin the ca'les $(nder floor Conduitin%Layin the ca'les $(nder floor Conduitin%


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Layin the ca'les $(nder floor )aceways%Layin the ca'les $(nder floor )aceways%


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Layin the ca'les $Throuh partitions%Layin the ca'les $Throuh partitions%


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Layin the ca'lesLayin the ca'les

$Throuh partitions%$Throuh partitions%


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Transferrin the ca'lesTransferrin the ca'les

$on Worktops%$on Worktops%


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Transferrin the ca'les $on worktops%Transferrin the ca'les $on worktops%


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Transferrin the ca'les $under worktops%Transferrin the ca'les $under worktops%


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Transferrin the ca'lesTransferrin the ca'les$under worktops%$under worktops%


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!oints to 'e noted 'efore desinin a layout!oints to 'e noted 'efore desinin a layout

#eneral reuirements:#eneral reuirements: !pe o) network to $e!pe o) network to $e

decided 'depends on tedecided 'depends on tecompan! stds.(compan! stds.(

9urniture la!out its relation9urniture la!out its relationwit te network.wit te network. "orking environment"orking environment

'=epts.& =omains&'=epts.& =omains&"orkgroups& Clusters& etc.("orkgroups& Clusters& etc.(


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Typical software office floor layoutTypical software office floor layout


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