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COTTON
AFRICANSLAVES
METAL & IRONGOODS
BEER,RUM
& BRANDY
GUNS &GUN POWDER
CLOTH
TOBACCO
COFFEE
SUGAR
THE MIDDLE
PASSAGE
WILLIAMWILBERFORCE
1759 1833
THE SLAVERYABOLITION BILL
Mostimportant reasonsfor slavesdying aboard theslave ships
e major crop was Sugar
mainlysourced from numerous Sugarplantation mostly throughoutthe CarribeanandAmerica.Europewas the mainconsumer of sugar.
Raw cotton were traded to LiverpoolfromAmericancotton plantation, as it was Britians largest import.
Coffee was the major secondary crwhich employed sizable numbers osome Caribbeanislands,few areasNorth America and South Ameri
Majority of African slaves weretaken to Carribeancolonies andSouth America.
African dealers kidnappedpeople from the village.
On theAfrican coast,Africandealer and African chiefs enslavedAfrican people who were thenseparated from their families;bought by Europeantradersfor goods.
African Rulers used them asproperties as they didnt ownany other land.
It has been known that the slaverswere attacked with pistols andthreatened to kill those whodid not obey. Starvation- food storage ran low,slaves that
were sick or not expected to survive the voyagewould not be given food.
Some refused to eat and starvedto death.
Diseases- another important reason for deathsamong the slaves.Overcrowded slave decks
with lack of clean water and bad sanitationcaused diseases to spread like wildfire wheremany died along the voyage.
Main disease was known to beepidemics of small pox.
Some suicides were slaves jumpingoverboard or if driven mad by theclaustrophobic misery experience
while on the ship and taken awayfrom their homeland,they wouldbe thrownorbeaten.
Cotton plantation require tropical climate/toilhence why the growth of this crop began tospread across America to the South.
In CentralAmerica,most enslaved Africanswere woodcutters; on someCaribbeanislands,a majority of slaves lived on smallmixed agricultural holdings; on the Bahamas,
cotton cultivation was important for somedecades.
Sugar was used to sweeten the harvestedcoffee crop.ere was an inadequateclimate in Europe so they wouldnthave been able to g row coffee bushes,hence why the beans or leaves was soldand shipped to England.
Since sugar estates was major,Coffeplantations tended to be smaller andbecause of their highland locations,
were more isolated.
e main source of slave labourwas from Africans where thedominate experience was inSugar plantation.
Sugar from the Carribean to Europeor NewEngland in the liquid formMolasses a by-product of the sugarrefining process were distilled into rum.
Walesproduced most of the metalwork and bars of metal wereexchanged for slaves in Africa
e production of rum was consideredbest in NewEngland ,very efficient andprofitable,therefore cheaper else wherebut inefficent.
Africans considered metal asprecious along with beads andother goods including guns,textiles alchohol etc.
NewEngland traders shipped therum in exchange for Africanslaves.
Virginia specialised in the cultivationof lucrative crops such as tobacco in
which Bristol relied on for theirprocessing centre.
Africanstraded slaves for theprocessed tobacco and otherluxuries such as sugar,rum andcotton etc.
An English Politcian who became thevoice of the abolition slavery in Parliament.
Cotton was important for theproccess and production of Cloth.
e Abolition of the Slave TradeAct abolished the Slave Trade inthe British colonies.
However,this was not a vote to abolishslavery as a whole throughout the Empire,just the trade in enslaved people.
In 1821 he requested that omasFowellBuxton take over the leadershipof the campaign in the Commons andresigned his parliamentary seat in 1824,after a serious illness.
On the 26th July,1833,the Abolition ofSlavery bill passed its third reading in theHouse of Commons.
ree days later on the 29th July,William Wilberforce died.
e first time a bill was introduced,Wilberforce lost the debate by 163votes to 88 but he never gave up.
Finally on 25th March,1807, theAbolition of the Slave Trade Actabolished the Slave Trade in theBritish colonies.It was carriedby 267 votes.
In 1783,he met James Ramsay and,for the first time,discussed slavery. Lancashirewas ideal for production
area because of the damp climatewhere the cotton fibres were lesslikely to snap during spinning.
Guns were purchased by Africansfrom Europeanswhich made iteasier to capture people.
is increased the capture rate ofafrican slaves being sold toEuropeans for other goods not
Even though Gunpowder was made inBristol, Birminghamwas the largestgun-producing town in Britian.
Bristol traded woollen cloth alongwith other goods toAfrica for slavesand they were produced locally.
Evangelical Christianity- him andhis evangelical friends werenicknamed the Saintsby upper
class and won widespread respect.In early 1787,omas Clarksoncalled upon Wilberforce with acopy of his Essay on Slavery.
Married Barbara Spooner,alsoan evangelical Christian.
Born on 24th August 1759 in Hull.
At age 21 was elected to Parliament inHull later to be re presenting Yorkshire.
Friends with William Pitt who wasthe future Prime minister.
Born into a wealthy merchant family.
Enrolled in Cambridge University.
