Journal of Biomaterials 2018; 2(2): 31-40 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jb doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.12 ISSN: 2640-2602 (Print); ISSN: 2640-2629 (Online) Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye Using Orange Peel Abdussalam Zhul-quarnain 1 , Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi 2 , Ilesanmi Modupe 3 , Emuobosa Gold 2 , Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem 4 1 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2 Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria 3 Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria 4 Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria Email address: * Corresponding author To cite this article: Abdussalam Zhul-quarnain, Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ilesanmi Modupe, Emuobosa Gold, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem. Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye Using Orange Peel. Journal of Biomaterials. Vol. 2, No. 2, 2018, pp. 31-40. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.12 Received: October 17, 2018; Accepted: November 2, 2018; Published: November 27, 2018 Abstract: High level of dyes production and their widespread use in many applications generate colours wastewaters which cause severe water pollution. The pollutant contributes to high suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demands (COD), biochemical oxygen demands (BOD), heat, colour, acidity, basicity and other soluble substances. The presence of these dyes in aquatic systems poses heavy risks to human health. Therefore, removal of such dyes from water bodies may be considered an interesting and important research activity. This study shows that orange peel can be used as a suitable adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dyes from solutions. This is a work on the removal of Malachite green dye from their solution with the use of orange peel. The orange peelis sourced locally. Proximate analysis done on the adsorbent revealed that the orange peels had 13.25% Moisture content, 5.68% Ash content and 4.7% Carbon content. FTIR technique was also used to identify the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the orange peels. The adsorption isotherm models used were Henry, Langmuir I, Langmuir II, Langmuir III, Langmuir IV, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The result from the models shows that Henry isotherm model fits better for the adsorption of the dye with Orange peels. Results obtained showed that adsorption followed second order kinetics. Thermodynamic data for enthalpy (∆H) for the adsorption of the dye shows that adsorption was endothermic. The entropy result indicates that there is an increase in randomness at the solid liquid interface. Free energy change shows that adsorption for the dye at temperatures of 298, 323, 343 and 373 were spontaneous and feasible. Keywords: Malachite Green Dye, Orange Peel, Adsorption Isotherm, Proximate Analysis, FTIR 1. Introduction Dyes are widely used in industries such as textiles, rubber, paper, plastics, cosmetics, etc., to color their products. The dyes are invariably left as the major waste in these industries. Due to their chemical structures, dyes are resistant to fading on exposure to light, water and many chemicals and, therefore, are difficult to be decolorized once released into the aquatic environment. Many of the organic dyes are hazardous and may affect aquatic life and even the food chain. Release of these dyes in water stream is aesthetically undesirable and has serious environmental impact. Due to intense color they reduce sunlight transmission into water hence affecting aquatic plants, which ultimately disturb aquatic ecosystem; in addition they arealso toxic to humans [1]. Among the various known forms of pollution, water pollution is of great concern since water is the prime necessity of life and extremely essential for the survival of all living organisms. Indeed, it is a part of life itself, since the protoplasm of most living cells contains about 80% of water. It is worth noting that only 0.02% of the total available water on the earth is immediately available for use in the form of rivers, lakes and streams. However, years of increased industrial, agricultural and domestic activities have resulted in the generation of large amount of wastewater containing a number of toxic pollutants, which are polluting the available fresh water continuously. With the realization that pollutants present
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Journal of Biomaterials 2018; 2(2): 31-40
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jb
doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.12
ISSN: 2640-2602 (Print); ISSN: 2640-2629 (Online)
Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye Using Orange Peel
1Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria 3Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria 4Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
Email address:
*Corresponding author
To cite this article: Abdussalam Zhul-quarnain, Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ilesanmi Modupe, Emuobosa Gold, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem. Adsorption of
Malachite Green Dye Using Orange Peel. Journal of Biomaterials. Vol. 2, No. 2, 2018, pp. 31-40. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.12
Received: October 17, 2018; Accepted: November 2, 2018; Published: November 27, 2018
Abstract: High level of dyes production and their widespread use in many applications generate colours wastewaters which cause
severe water pollution. The pollutant contributes to high suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demands (COD), biochemical
oxygen demands (BOD), heat, colour, acidity, basicity and other soluble substances. The presence of these dyes in aquatic systems
poses heavy risks to human health. Therefore, removal of such dyes from water bodies may be considered an interesting and
important research activity. This study shows that orange peel can be used as a suitable adsorbent for the removal of malachite green
dyes from solutions. This is a work on the removal of Malachite green dye from their solution with the use of orange peel. The orange
peelis sourced locally. Proximate analysis done on the adsorbent revealed that the orange peels had 13.25% Moisture content, 5.68%
Ash content and 4.7% Carbon content. FTIR technique was also used to identify the functional groups and organic compounds
inherent in the orange peels. The adsorption isotherm models used were Henry, Langmuir I, Langmuir II, Langmuir III, Langmuir IV,
Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The result from the models shows that Henry isotherm model fits better for the
adsorption of the dye with Orange peels. Results obtained showed that adsorption followed second order kinetics. Thermodynamic
data for enthalpy (∆H) for the adsorption of the dye shows that adsorption was endothermic. The entropy result indicates that there is
an increase in randomness at the solid liquid interface. Free energy change shows that adsorption for the dye at temperatures of 298,
K2 Pseudo-second order rate constant in (g/mg/min)
qt Amount in (mg g−1
) adsorbed at time t
kID kID(mg/g/min0.5) is the intraparticle diffusion rate constant
I Intercept which reflects the boundary layer effect/ thickness
References
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[8] Ibtissam, M., Fatiha, A., Mohamed, E., Abdelkbir, K., Omar, T., Mohamed, T. &Salouhi M. (2012). Comparison of Adsorption of Dye onto Low-Cost Adsorbents. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Chemistry, 12(4): 6-11.
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[10] Sachin, M. K., Gaikwad, R. W. & Misal, S. A. (2010). Low cost Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as an Adsorbent for Dye Removal from Dye Effluent. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 1(4): 309-318.