IJRRAS 10 (3) ● March 2012 www.arpapress.com/Volumes/Vol10Issue3/IJRRAS_10_3_04.pdf 397 ADSORPTION CONSIDERATION OF Ni 2+, Fe 2+, Cu 2+, Cr 3+ AND Co 2+ BY PHOSPHATE ORE AND IT’S CONCENTRATE FROM SOLUTION IN ISOTERM MODELS M. Kargar Razi * & S. Yahyaabadi Islamic Azad University (North Branch of Tehran)-Iran *Email: [email protected]ABSTRACT In this investigation, the adsorption behavior of natural phosphate rock and it’s concentrate with respect to Fe 3+ ،Ni 2+ ، Co 2+ ، Cu 2+ وCr 3+ has been studied, in order to consider its application to purity of electroplating waste water pollution. The batch method has been employed, using metal concentrations in solution ranging from 2-40 ppm with mixing process. The effect of pH, concentration of heavy metals and times (10-20min) is considered. The results of their removal performance in 40 ppm concentration, pH =8 and 10 minutes are obtained as Cr 3+ >Cu 2+ > Fe 3+ > Co 2+ > Ni 2+ for phosphate rock and the sequence can be given as Cr 3+ > Fe 3+ > Cu 2+ > Co 2+ > Ni 2+ for phosphate concentrate. It was found that the adsorption phenomena depend on charge density and hydrated ion diameter .The same results show that maximum adsorption in pH=4.5, 7 for concentrate. According that results are accepted electrostatic interaction in adsorption equilibrium. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm constant corresponding to adsorption capacity, were found to be as Cr 3+ > Fe 3+ > Cu 2+ > Ni 2+ >Co 2+ for phosphate soil and Cr 3+ > Fe 3+ > Cu 2+ > Co 2+ > Ni 2+ for phosphate concentrate. Sorption of metallic cations are considered in pH 4.5, 7and 8. More ever the q m (mmol/g) is depended to the initial concentration, adsorption percent and k d (as distribution constant). These results show that phosphate rock and its concentrate are hold great potential to remove cations heavy metal species from electroplating waste water. Keywords: Electroplating waste water, Phosphate ore, Phosphate Concentrate, Heavy metal cations. 1. INTRODUCTION The removal of toxic and heavy-metal contaminants from aqueous waste streams and industrial effluents such as electroplating waste water is one of the most important environmental issues being faced the world over. The commonly used procedures for removing metal ions from waste water include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction [1]. However, these methods have certain disadvantages such as incomplete metal removal, high reagent and energy requirements, generation of toxic sludge or other waste products that require disposal. The hazardous wastes generated from mining and smelting operations also need to be decontaminated before entering the ecosystem. Heavy metals such as chromium , nickel , lead, copper, cadmium ,Iron , cobalt , have a number of applications in industries such as electroplating, steel and alloys, leather tanning, paints and paper, to name a few [2]. In the last decade, a great effort has been invested to develop new sorbents such as calcite [3-6], goethite [7], birnesite [8] and wool [9], activated sludge [10], iron oxide coated sand [11], and zeolite (clinoptilolite) [12-15]. Silica [16, 17], fishbone apatite [18] and polymers [19–21]. Phosphate minerals have been shown to possess the potential to adsorb heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions [22]. All of the inorganic phosphate sources apatite’s are most readily available. Apatites are often identified by the general formula M 10 (XO4) 6 Y 2 where Me 2+ is a divalent cation, (XO4) 3− is a trivalent anion and Y − is a monovalent anion [23-25]. Apatite of different origins (mineral, synthetic, and derived from animal and fish bones) have been used as sorbents of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pd, Co [26-32]. It has probably mechanisms for metal retention by phosphate minerals included: (1) ion exchange processes at the surface of PR [33]; (2) surface complexation [34]; (3) precipitation of some amorphous to poorly crystalline, mixed metal phosphates [35]; and (4) substitution of Ca in PR by other metals during recrystallization (co precipitation) [36]. However, it is difficult to quantify the relative contribution from each mechanism that is responsible for metal removal and it appears that all of the mechanisms may work together. In this study, copper, chromium, nickel, iron and cobalt removal from aqueous solutions were investigated by using a phosphate rock (PR) and phosphate concentrate (PC) sample. Langmuir isotherm model was used for the
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ADSORPTION CONSIDERATION OF Ni2+,Fe2+,Cu Cr3+ AND Co2+ BY PHOSPHATE … · Silica [16, 17], fishbone apatite [18] and polymers [19–21]. Phosphate minerals have been shown to possess
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IJRRAS 10 (3) ● March 2012 www.arpapress.com/Volumes/Vol10Issue3/IJRRAS_10_3_04.pdf
397
ADSORPTION CONSIDERATION OF Ni2+,
Fe2+,
Cu2+,
Cr3+
AND Co2+
BY
PHOSPHATE ORE AND IT’S CONCENTRATE FROM SOLUTION IN
ISOTERM MODELS
M. Kargar Razi
* & S. Yahyaabadi
Islamic Azad University (North Branch of Tehran)-Iran
IJRRAS 10 (3) ● March 2012 Razi & Yahyaabadi ● Adsorption Behavior of Natural Phosphate Rock
406
Fig.22. XRD patterns of phosphate rock
3. 5. Infrared spectra analysis In order to determine structural change on the PR and Pc samples after its treatment with 20 mg/1 of copper (II), FT-IR analysis
was performed. Figs. (22-25). Show the spectra of raw and treated PR and Pc samples. In both spectra (PR and Pc samples), the
sharp bands near 450, 900, and 2000-2100 cm-1 define the Si-P stretches. The peak at 879 cm -1 is associated with the PO43-
group. The bands between 1000-1100 cm -1 are Si-O, and those at 1461, 1643 and 2900 are C=O, 2450 is P-H. The sharp peak
around 3536 is the O-H stretch. All peaks defined above are related with the mineralogical composition of the sorbents (PO4,
SiO2 and CO3). Peak displacement and peak intensity is decreasing and increasing should define the change in the structure with
copper (II) and imply the related functional groups to be responsible for the adsorption. From these findings, it can be concluded
that copper ions are sobbed on the PR and PC samples surfaces.
Figure 22. FTIR spectra of phosphate concentrate before adsorption of [ Cu2+] =40mg/l
Figure 23. FTIR Spectra of Phosphates concentrate after adsorption of [ Cu2+] =40mg/l
Figure.24. FTIR spectra of phosphate rock before adsorption of [ Cu2+] =40mg/l
IJRRAS 10 (3) ● March 2012 Razi & Yahyaabadi ● Adsorption Behavior of Natural Phosphate Rock
407
Figure 25. FTIR spectra of Phosphate rock after adsorption of [ Cu2+] =40mg/l
4. CONCLUSIONS
All of the experiments performed on mineral soil and its concentrate as natural and industrial processed sample
indicate its natural entity in mixed reactions adsorption as normal species with experiment capability on planned
concentrations.
Performance of adsorption tests in laboratory and batch scale to achieve similar amounts at pilot and industrial
scales have common and implemented conditions.
Results of adsorption studied about effects of sample concentration, pH, time of contact and primary concentration
of mineral phosphate soil and it’s concentrate, as well as reviewed isotherm curves based on Langmuir equations
that in general agreed with experimental data results.
Increasing trend of ratio on radious according to adsorption in PH=4.5 for soil and PH= 7 for it’s concentrate have
similarity. We also observe similar changes in PH= 4.5 for soil and PH=8 for it’s concentrate. Maximum quantity of
adsorption and comparison studies against burden physical ratio to radious are explaining effects of cavity size and
electrostatic burden on soil and its concentrate.
Although changes in increased adsorption in PH=8. 7 and PH=4.5 are low, but considering the two physical factors
of burden and cation radious, they can be linked to environment chemical conditions. Value R2, qm, K using
computing software can be achieved, the absorption capacity and energy adsorption depends. Langmuir model
indicates effectively data adsorption in curve with values of R2 (correlation coefficient), so that R
2 for phosphate soil
is:
0. 99>R2>0. 74 and for its concentrate is 0. 99>R
2>0.72.According to qm and q'm given parameters, adsorption for
studied metals with soil adsorbent is Fe > Co > Cu > Ni > Cr and with soil concentrate is Fe > Co > Cu > Ni > Cr.
The basic nature of phosphate soil and it’s concentrate indicate similarity in metals adsorption order.
The generalization of this explanation in regards to metal adsorb in solution is divergent adsorption phenomenon
and instability kinetics that caused change in this process.
Langmuir curves data for different metals in phosphate soil and it’s concentrate as adsorbent are adsorption
phenomenon especially in balance manner based on heterogeneous adsorbent, but in general, small difference with
drawing curves in some concentrations in ideal form make us approach to predict ideal conditions.
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