ADSL test ADSL testing ADSL tester ADSL installation ADSL maintenance ADSL pocket guide ADSL reference ADSL solution SHDSL test SHDSL testing SHDSL installation SHDSL maintenance SHDSL pocket guide SHDSL reference SHDSL solutions xDSL test, xDSL testing, xDSL installation, xDSL maintenance xDSL tester Figure 1 Reach achieved by different xDSL technologies and Spectral efficiency. IDSL HDSL2 2.5 2 1.5 1 .5 2.5 5.0 7.5 Average Reach Achieved (km) Mbit/s 20 140 4 PSD 1100 400 SDSL ADSL up ADSL down SHDSL POTS Frequency (kHz) Technology Pairs Symmetric POTS Standard ADSL 1 or 2 No Yes G.992.1, G.992.2, ANSI TI.413.2 HDSL 1 or 2 Yes No T1.418 IDSL 1 Yes No I.430, I.431 SDSL 1 Yes No None SHDSL 1 or 2 Yes No G.991.2 Figure 2 Technologies comparison. AuroraPresto A multi-layer xDSL tester developed to pro- vide all the features necessary for a techni- cian to install, maintain and troubleshoot Asym- metric and Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines and services. Its flexi- ble build architecture allows different modem types, as well as data interfaces and ana- logue test functions including TDR, DMM, ADSL, SHDSL, ATM, IP, PPP, HTTP and inter- net download test. AuroraTango Multi-technology Per- sonal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of ADSL, SHDSL, ISDN and GbE. It can oper- ate in both One-button mode and Expert mode by using pre-defined test scripts and parame- ters. A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu structure for testing and workflow organization. Bluetooth interface pro- vides Tango wireless access and host inde- pendent test. AuroraForte A powerful tool for the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25, STM1/OC3 and STM4/ OC12connectivity for unparalleled multi-cir- cuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Phys- ical and ATM BER test- ing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing. LT2000 It is a hand-held tester for analogue qualifica- tion of copper pairs. It will determine their suitability for use by xDSL services prior to and during installation and maintenance. ALT2000 This is the right tool for any physical qualifica- tion, monitoring or main- tenance of copper pair subscriber loops. Exten- sive range of analogue measurements for xDSL make it attractive to engineers needing a high-performance ana- lyzer with precision measurements. It includes ultra low noise floor, spectrum ana- lyzer, zero blindspot TDR, DMM, and a col- lection of predefined masks. FlexaNetxDSL A cost-effective solu- tion that provides com- plete loop fault management for Control Centres that support a large number of xDSL installations. Its remote testing capacities include: emulation of equipment at both cen- tral offices and cus- tomer premises, TDR, DMM, an extensive range of analogue mea- surements, spectrum analysis, ATM, PPP, IP and higher level proto- col test. Trend´s xDSL Guide Quick Reference T r e n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n s
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Figure 1 Reach achieved by different xDSL technologies and Spectral efficiency.
IDSL
HDSL2
2.5
2
1.5
1
.5
2.5 5.0 7.5Average Reach Achieved (km)
Mbit/s
20 1404
PSD
1100400
SDSLADSL upADSL downSHDSLPOTS
Frequency (kHz)
Technology Pairs Symmetric POTS StandardADSL 1 or 2 No Yes G.992.1, G.992.2, ANSI TI.413.2HDSL 1 or 2 Yes No T1.418IDSL 1 Yes No I.430, I.431SDSL 1 Yes No NoneSHDSL 1 or 2 Yes No G.991.2
Figure 2 Technologies comparison.
AuroraPrestoA multi-layer xDSL tester developed to pro-vide all the features necessary for a techni-cian to install, maintain and troubleshoot Asym-metric and Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Lines and services. Its flexi-ble build architecture allows different modem types, as well as data interfaces and ana-logue test functions including TDR, DMM, ADSL, SHDSL, ATM, IP, PPP, HTTP and inter-net download test.
AuroraTangoMulti-technology Per-sonal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of ADSL, SHDSL, ISDN and GbE. It can oper-ate in both One-button mode and Expert mode by using pre-defined test scripts and parame-ters. A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu structure for testing and workflow organization. Bluetooth interface pro-vides Tango wireless access and host inde-pendent test.
AuroraForteA powerful tool for the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25,STM1/OC3 and STM4/OC12connectivity for unparalleled multi-cir-cuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Phys-ical and ATM BER test-ing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing.
LT2000It is a hand-held tester for analogue qualifica-tion of copper pairs.
It will determine their suitability for use by xDSL services prior to and during installation and maintenance.
ALT2000This is the right tool for any physical qualifica-tion, monitoring or main-tenance of copper pair subscriber loops. Exten-sive range of analogue measurements for xDSL make it attractive to engineers needing a high-performance ana-lyzer with precision measurements. It includes ultra low noise floor, spectrum ana-lyzer, zero blindspot TDR, DMM, and a col-lection of predefined masks.
FlexaNetxDSLA cost-effective solu-tion that provides com-plete loop fault management for Control Centres that support a large number of xDSL installations. Its remote testing capacities include: emulation of equipment at both cen-tral offices and cus-tomer premises, TDR, DMM, an extensive range of analogue mea-surements, spectrum analysis, ATM, PPP, IP and higher level proto-col test.
Identification Standard info Non-standard info(optional)
Flag Flag Flag Flag FCS1 Flag Flag Flag
Type of message Version number Manufacturer Parameters
Handshake frame
Figure 8 Handshake sessions.
CLR CL
CLR: the ATU-R sends a list with all the operation modes it acceptsCL: the ATU-C responds with a list of modes it acceptsACK: the ATU-R has received the list of modes correctly MS: the ATU-R demands a operation mode ACK: the ATU-C accepts itMS: the ATU-R requires a certain operation modeREQ-MR: the ATU-C wants to select the mode and makes a request for an MR messageMR: the ATU-R requires an MS operation modeMS: the ATU-R demands a certain operation mode ACK: the ATU-R accepts the request
CID: Channel Identifier (0 not allowed)LI: Indicates the length of the CPS-SDUUUI: Indications between end users
OSF Indicates the offset where the next CPS packet startsSN: Sequence number (varies between 0 and 1)P: Parity Bit
Padding the payload of an ATM cell with zeros if no channel has information available to send
CPS-SDU
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
CID
CPS-SDU CPS-SDU
ATM Cell PayloadHeader
ATM Cell PayloadHeader
CID=x CID=y CID=x CID=xm, n, o, p, ...
m+3, n+3,....
48
53
Size (bytes)
LI UUI HEC0 7 13 18 23 HEC: Header Control Error
CPS-SDU
OSF SN0
Pbits 6 7
CPS-PDU CPS-PDU CPS-PDUCPS-PDU
ATM Cell PayloadHeader
bits
Figure 12 AAL5 format.
PAD: Complements the PDU up to forming a multiple integer of 48 bytes.UU: Allows for transparent data transmission between AAL5 extremes.CPI: Aligns the PDU in 64 bitsLI: Data sizeCRC: G(x) = x32+ x26+ x23+ x22+ x16+ x12+ x11+ x10+ x8 +x7+ x5+ x4 + x2+ x + 1 (Calculated for the entire PDU)
AcronymsAAL ATM Adaption Layer LI Length IndicatorACK Acknowledge LLC Logical Link ControlADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line MAC Media Access ControlAEX A(S) extension byte; byte inserted in the
ASx Any one of the simplex bearer channels (0 -3) NSP Network Service ProviderATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode OSPF Open Shortest Path FirstATU-C ADSL Termination Unit Central PAD Padding ATU-R ADSL Termination Unit - Remote PAP Password Authentication ProtocolBGP Border Gateway Protocol PAT Port Address Translation.BOM Begin of message PDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyCHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol PDU Protocol Data UnitCOM Continuation of Message POTS Plain Old Telephone ServiceCPI Common Part Indicator PPP Point to Point ProtocolCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check PT Payload TypeDMM Digital Multi-Meter PVC Permanent Virtual CircuitDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber LineEOM End of Message SAP Service Access PointFCS Frame Check Sequence SAR Segmentation and ReassemblyFEC Forward Error Correction SDH Synchronous Digital HierarchyFR Frame relay SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber LineFTP File Transfer Protocol SHDSL Symmetrical High Bit Digital subscriber LineHDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line SMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolHEC Header Error Control SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolHTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol STF Start FieldICMP Internet Control Message Protocol TCP Transmission Control ProtocolIP Internet Protocol TDR Time Domain ReflectometerISDN Integrated Services Digital Network UDP Universal Datagram ProtocolISP Internet Service Provider UU User-to-User indicationL2TP Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol VCI Virtual Channel IdentifierLCP Link Control Protocol VPI Virtual Path IdentifierLEX L9S) Extension byte; byte inserted in the