8/9/2019 Adressing OSAB NOS WS Rec.s http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/adressing-osab-nos-ws-recs 1/25 Addressing OSAB Recommendations Some wildlife, especially birds, are negatively impacted by human disturbance Cost for addition buffers is offset by the benefits to the community Lois Balin, Urban Wildlife Biologist Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Photo credit: Graham Owens www.grahamowengallery.com/photography/stilts.htm
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To provide adequate buffers, 10¶ masonry wall, between NOS andWildlife Sanctuary districts. for vacant or in existing developments.The > 10¶ masonry shall be built by the owner of the property of thenon-NOS zoning district when he/she builds upon it.
To require NOS zoning district properties, designated WildlifeSanctuaries to have a minimum perimeter setback distance (50-100¶)for high disturbance uses only along the property lines abutting an
existing NOS zoning district to minimize potential negativeimpacts.
To require a minimum landscape buffer of 10¶ along the property linesof any commercial, manufacturing, or industrial uses abutting anexisting NOS zoning district, designated WS.
Buffer-Zone Distances to Protect Foraging and Loafing Water birds
from Disturbance by Personal Watercraft and Outboard-Powered Boats
Abstract:
Outdoor recreation and ecotourism can have negative effects on wildlife species, so it is important to determinebuffer zones within which activities near critical wildlife areas are limited. We exposed 23 species of water birds( Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, Falconiformes, Charadriiformes) to the direct approach of a personal watercraft( PWC) and an outboard-powered boat to determine their flush distances. We used 11 sites with a mixture of low,moderate, and high amounts of human activity along the east and west coasts of Florida during September±November 1998 and April±June 1999. We detected considerable variation in flush distances among individualswithin the same species and among species in response to both types of vessels. Average flush distances for thePWC ranged from 19.5 m ( Least Tern [ Sterna antillarum]) to 49.5 m (Osprey [ Pandion haliaetus]), whereasaverage flush distances for the outboard-powered boat ranged from 23.4 m ( Forster's Tern [ S. forsteri]) to 57.9 m(Osprey). Larger species generally exhibited greater average flush distances for both types of watercraft. Acomparison of the flush distances elicited by each watercraft indicated that only the Great Blue Heron (Ardeaherodias) exhibited significantly larger flush distances ( t test, p < 0.01) in response to the approach of the PWCthan in response to the outboard, whereas four species (Anhinga [Anhinga anhinga], Little Blue Heron [Egrettacaerulea], Willet [Catoptrophorus semipalmatus], and Osprey) exhibited significantly larger flush distances ( t test,p < 0.05) in response to the approach of the outboard-powered boat than in response to the PWC. Eleven species(68.8%) showed no significant difference ( t test, p> 0.05) in their flush distances in response to the fast-moving
PWC and the outboard-powered boat. Our data suggest that a single buffer-zonedistance can be developed for both PWC and outboard-
powered vessels. Buffer zones range from 328¶ (100 m) for plovers and sandpipers, 590¶ (180 m) for wading birds, and 150 m for
ospreys would minimize their r disturbance at foraging and loafing sites in Florida.
James A. Rodgers Jr.* Stephen T. Schwikert Bureau of Wildlife Diversity Conservation, Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission, 4005 South Main Street, Gainesvil le, FL 32601 ±9099, U.S.A.
breeding birds Anders Pape Møllera,b a CNRS, UMR 7103, Laboratoire de Parasitologie
ABSTRACTFlight distance reflects the risk that individual animals are willing to take when approachedby a potential predator, as shown by a negative relationship between susceptibility topredation and flight distance.
Species with long flight distances should more often suffer fromdisruption of their activities by resulting in declining reproductive
success and hence declining population size of such speciesif disturbance happens more often. Long flight distances thus suggest that individuals needlarge amounts of space for their body size, resulting in the prediction that species with longflight distances should have a higher frequency of declining populations than species withshort flight distances, when human impact on natural habitats increases. Bird species withlong flight distances had declining population trends across Europe in a comparative studyof 56 species, even when controlling statistically for other factors associated withpopulation declines, with effect sizes ranging from 0.36 to 0.58 (Pearson's r ). These
findings suggest that standardized measures of flight distance provide reliable informationabout the population consequences of risk-taking behavior by individuals and thesusceptibility of different species to increased levels of disturbance.
potential predators, including humans, than species with short distances,