Adrenal Appalooza- America's Default Fix

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Janet Caliri

Professor Lee

Advance Library Research (Honors,) Final Project

5 June, 2013

Adrenal Detox

With its difficulty in being diagnosed due to predominantly intangible

symptoms, thus life-altering effects, adrenal exhaustion is not only rarely spoken

of, it is also discredited amongst most western doctors. The evidence of adrenal

fatigue or exhaustion does not exist due to lack of scientific facts to support the

theory (Deasey, 2011). This is unlikely due to its ambiguous nature, but rather its

evocation of the inevitable and possibly distasteful rite of passage. In fact, Dr.

James Wilson states that 80% of people are estimated to experience adrenal

fatigue during their lifetime. From my personal four plus years of dealing with

adrenal exhaustion, it appears that this journey is healed primarily through a

holistic approach and renewed commitment to self-care. Thus, the primary and

most effective tool is removing or minimizing all stressors which can range from

professional relationships to electromagnetic frequency to certain foods

(Gedgaudas, 2011). Therefore, educating the masses on this mystery syndrome is

imperative to the state of our well-being as a whole because without healthy

adrenals, the body does not operate at optimal state (Lam, 2012). To that end, this

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report thoroughly provides adequate and simple information that is understandable

and can be easily shared with the majority of us who turn a blind eye to the truth of

21st Century stress. The content here includes conclusive data plus my own

personal accounts which offer an authentic and comprehensible experience of this

syndrome. Future writings will provide the deeper underlying causes and prevention

of this syndrome.

First, adrenal fatigue and adrenal exhaustion are two different issues but the

fatigue is an unseen, popular state of being running ramped in most of Americans.

Hence, once the exhaustion stage sets in, we can surely say goodbye to our old

ways and habits. Adrenal glands are endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys

and are responsible for managing stress and regulating homeostasis of the body.

Chronic stress or trauma are the two major factors leading to adrenal fatigue and

exhaustion (Challem S88).Thus, the more stress we experience, the more our

adrenals are exerting without replenishing. Evidently, the value of getting to the

root cause of adrenal issues is beneficial in prevention of this chronic syndrome,

however, let’s connect the dots on how these tiny glands have mastery over our

bodily functions.

The adrenal glands consist of the cortex and medulla. In the cortex, cortisol, the

stress hormone, is made from progesterone. Cortisol is regulated by the ACTH

(adrenocorticotropic hormone) which is produced in the pituitary gland (Ackermann

32). It regulates sugar levels for energy and reduces inflammation and allergic

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responses (Gill 27). Therefore imbalanced cortisol levels can lead to wreaking havoc

on the immune system, metabolism and hippocampus (Petralli 2004). And the

hormone aldosterone is also made here and when weak, the estrogen levels can

become dominant, thus directly affecting the thyroid and causing salt cravings and

low blood pressure. All are earmarks of adrenal exhaustion because the cortex is

responsible for balancing minerals like sodium and potassium in conjunction with

water, maintaining normal blood pressure, and controlling use of protein, fat and

carbohydrates (Lam, 2012). Next, the medulla secretes the hormone adrenaline

(epinephrine and norepinephrine) which supports the body in ‘fight or flight’

emergency functions and regulating blood pressure and resting heart rate (Lam,

2012).

Second, there are four stages of adrenal fatigue and four phases of adrenal

exhaustion. We will focus on exhaustion phases which include aspects of those in

fatigue. Phase A is the Chronic Single System Dysfunction where mild symptoms of

first and second stage adrenal fatigue occur. Night sweats, heart palpitations,

abdominal obesity for no reason, decreased energy/increased fatigue,

lightheadedness, salt and sugar cravings, changes in skin, brain fog and memory

loss, wailing and depression. These continue to worsen and are persistent.

(adrenocortical carcinoma, 2013; Deasey 2011).

It is in this stage that my productivity severely dropped and my coaching practice

was becoming obsolete. I was like a gerbil in a wheel exerting to survive but

creating zero results. As a person who adores intimacy, I was isolating myself

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because it used less energy. To illustrate, I barely spoke on the phone, as a

conversation exerted all the energy I had in me. Although I am a great initiator and

cohesive connection in my relationships, two friendships ended as a result of my

strange behavior. Furthermore, confusion and fear became a regular part of my day

such that sometimes I would need to leave my body to relieve the pain. My

financial status was looking grim. Around this time, and on the plane home for my

25th highschool reunion, I immediately came down with a fever which manifested

into a respiratory issue. Once I returned to LA, had a chest x-ray and doctors exam,

I realized that I had caught the swine flu. This is when I knew something was very

amiss with my body because I hardly ever get sick. For ten nights I could barely

breath and needed to sit upright to sleep. Further, my usual mode of transportation

is riding the bicycle but this became an exhausting activity.

Phase B is Multiple Endocrine Axis Dysfunction where the OAT (ovarian adrenal

thyroid) axis or AT (adrenal thyroid) axis in men is impaired. Indications are

worsening of phase A symptoms along with feeling cold, sluggish and more

depressed, being in deeper denial and day to day activities moderately

compromised (Lam, 2012). We become confused and in limbo because of

uncertainty within western doctors difficulty in pinpointing a distinct answer. The

symptoms are generic and can appear as classic issues like hypothyroidism,

depression, pre-menopause so we are left alone being misled or attempting to self-

diagnose. Meanwhile, our relationships, finances and career are comprised due to

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the lack of energy, reduced brain function and chronic illnesses from a dormant

metabolism and immune system. At this point the night sweats and lack of sleep

became intolerable. Along with that, my body was in a sever addictive state for

sugar and salt. I vacillated back and forth questioning emotional eating and

drinking but I also intuitively knew that physiologically, something was off. I still

had no clue what was medically going on with me including my vision which

changed in prescription three times within two years. This is due to intraocular

pressure which is effected by sugar levels (Khosla, 1985). For certain, my intuitive

body continued to say that I needed to ‘replenish my nerves’ whatever that meant.

At this point I was moving into phase C and my roommate moved out. Thus, I was

in no shape to pay rent or exert energy into either moving or finding a new

roommate. I intuitively knew it was time to stop and surrender.

Phase C is Dis-equilibrium where the body is severely compromised with worsening

impaired function and attempts to maintain homeostasis. The body then mobilizes

autonomic/neural and reactive/endocrine compensatory responses, however, it

literally dissembles inside leaving us like a zombie. This is due to the cells being

inflamed therefore not excreting waste and taking in new minerals in equal

measure. Our impending doom exacerbates as well as dizziness, lightheadedness,

and anxiety. Adrenaline rushes and heart palpitations worsen. Moreover, crying for

no reason, continues (Lam, 2012).

Once the surrender occurred, I put all my belongings temporarily in storage and

flew to Boston to rejuvenate with my family for a couple of months. Those two

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months turned into fifteen months of purgatory. I was extremely sick, more than I

cared to admit or even fathom. And there wasn’t anyone around me who

understood, thus I lacked the proper support necessary for healing with the

acceptation of my holistic friend who pointed me in the direction of an integrative

health physician. He took one look at me and my large abdomen and bet it was my

adrenal glands. Subsequently, he ordered a saliva test

(http://www.diagnostechs.com) and I began taking Cortisol Manager a

homeopathic blend of ashwangandha to reduce stress, magnolia to reduce cortisol

and phosphatidylserine to normalize brain function. In the meantime, all I needed

and wanted was to sleep but it was expected of me to work. So off I went and

found a job that only put my body into more stress, therefore exacerbated

symptoms of fatigue, addiction, confusion, loss of brain function and anger. Please

note, a blood test alone will not accurately diagnose adrenal issues and cortisol

levels. If your doctor refuses to order it, I suggest finding a doctor that will.

Furthermore, even if the test results indicate only slight abnormalities in ASI,

DHEA, ISN, Progesterone, F14 and MB2S, do not dismiss it. Under the direction of

a medical professional, perhaps a homeopath, I encourage you to further

investigate and experiment with tuning into your body. Although I had slightly

abnormal levels in ASI, DHEA, MB2S and F14, the consequences were devastating.

Consequently, I continued to gain a lot of weight and inflammation because my

digestive system was having an allergic response to many foods. Luckily, I was

introduce to a diagnostic nutritionist and metabolic advisor, Erin Huggins. In her

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sugar craving smackdown program (www.eringhuggins.com 2013), I became aware

that grains, beans, legumes, nuts and seeds cause major inflammation in my body.

I also became of aware that sugar is another stressor for my body. For 21 days I

eliminated sugar, grains and legumes from my diet. I shed 8.5 lbs. and felt clearer.

Alternatively, when I returned to eating grains and nuts, I noticed that my hay

fever allergies would activate, including respiratory wheezing. When I returned to

eating sugar, I noticed a quick gain in weight along with brain fog, irritability and

depression.

Happy to have my digestive system and new lifestyle somewhat under control,

another hurdle arose. With every bite of food, no matter what it was, I belched and

my stomach instantly bloated like a balloon. After consultation and research I

learned I had low HCL (hydrochloric acid) in my stomach. HCL has two functions of

absorption and protection. It absorbs by breaking down protein and most minerals

like B12 and Vitamin D to be adequately absorbed. HCL protects by abolishing

dangerous bacteria. Once the acid returns to normal levels and key nutrients are

being properly absorbed, the parietal cells, which line the stomach, properly

produce acid all over again.

Some causes of low hydrochloric acid are chronic illness, stress, processed food,

antibiotics, weak digestive system, refined sugar and white flour, poor food

combining and hypothyroidism.

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As for solutions, and most importantly, do not eat while stressed! Eat while relaxed

and sitting down, appreciate your food, and chew well. Many people turn to

probiotics for they contain healthy bacteria which starts balancing out the

abundance of bad bacteria. Other healing modalities are honey, Vitamin U, sea salt,

apple cider vinegar and zinc (Geertsen, 2013). With my innate need for discovery,

I opted for the Hydrochloric Acid Pepsin Supplements experiment. With each meal,

I took supplements and eventually reduced and eliminated the amount as my lining

became healed. Moreover, protein requires HCL to be digested so I eat proteins

with low starchy vegetables and good fats. I eat fruit alone or 20 minutes before or

two hours post animal protein. Using spices stimulates acid production. Lastly do

not over hydrate. Drinking a lot of water before, during or after meal interrupts the

digestive process by watering down the stomach acid. Drinking warm lemon water

or ginger tea with meals supports digestion. As a small side note, once my acid

returned to normal levels, my intuition told me to refrain from drinking carbonated

drinks. But the rebel in me drank half a glass of carbonated water at Thanksgiving

dinner and my bloating returned. I haven’t seen any scientific studies on this as a

cause or agitator, so do with these words what you will.

There can be quite a few consequences, one of which is Leaky Gut Syndrome. A

leaky gut occurs when the gut lining is damaged. Food proteins and microbial

proteins leak into your bloodstream, causing inflammation. Dr. Mark Hyman says,

“When they come apart or separate, food proteins and bacteria leak in and they

start pissing off your immune system. This triggers inflammation.” Leaky gut can

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also cause joint pain, fatigue, cognitive problems, depression, allergies, congestion,

and rashes like eczema (www.flourishintegrativehealth.com, 2013).

"Leaky gut syndrome isn't a diagnosis taught in medical school. Instead, leaky gut

really means you’ve got a diagnosis that still needs to be made. Physicians don’t

know enough about the gut, which is our biggest immune system organ.” (Kirby,

2014).

To heal the leaky gut, Carolyn Kepes, Medicinal Herbalist and Macrobiotic Cook,

taught me how to make a delicious medicinal tea with Slippery Elm Bark. This inner

bark contains mucilage which coats the digestive lining. According to the University

of Maryland, “The bark also contains antioxidants that help relieve inflammatory

bowel conditions. Slippery elm also causes reflux stimulation of nerve endings in

the gastrointestinal tract leading to increased mucus secretion. The increased

mucus production may also protect the gastrointestinal tract against ulcers and

excess acidity.”

Another excellent healer for the gut is homemade bone broth. There are many

benefits of bone broth. To illustrate, broth prevents hypoglycemia, opposes

estrogen and favors progesterone. Furthermore, it improves the efficiency of

protein digestion, in addition to reducing inflammation, allergies and anxiety.

(Rubin, 2010).

By the way, for all the lactose intolerant readers, it can simply be a symptom of

low hydrochloric acid that is the root of your intolerance. (Bowthorpe, 2013).

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Phase D is Near Failure where the body is in down regulation and cannot perform

normal daily functions as the cortisol output fails. Preservation is key but the body’s

hormonal output is reduced and there may be rapid weight loss, severe loss of

muscle tone and gastric agitation. The organs then become severely jeopardized

and the body goes into ‘shut down’ mode. (Lam, 2012).

Luckily I never made it to phase D, however, five years later I am still required to

make and maintain critical changes in my nutritional, emotional, spiritual, mental

and physical habits. For example, my flawless nutritional plan is free of alcohol,

white potatoes, grains, legumes, nuts, seeds or sugar (accept for foods like fruit

and honey.) These foods are ‘stressors’ on my body. Not everyone reacts to foods

alike and I look forward to the day my body becomes regulated such that I can

easily enjoy a glass of wine or bowl of spaghetti. Of course, I opt for sustainable

pleasure with food, therefore my nutritional plan is not flawless as it includes

pleasure in a sustainable way! Each individual must listen to their intuitive body,

experiment and then adjust accordingly.

Third, remedies and prevention are different for each individual but with

medical guidance, I have produced excellent results with the following remedies

including the aforementioned solutions for low HCL and Leaky Gut. Restorative yoga

calms the adrenal glands and mind (Cole, 2013). Furthermore, endurance exercise

longer than 30 minutes can actually put stress on the adrenals so I keep it brief and

drink my ‘adrenal elixir’ along the way so as to maintain homeostasis of minerals

and water in my body. I make this electrolyte drink using orange juice, water,

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baking soda and Morton’s pickling salt. Three times a week I do core body work

such as Pilates or circuit training which builds the muscle mass I lost and also burns

fat much quicker than cardio. I also take two Maca Root capsules each morning

before breakfast. Maca is an indigenous herb from Peru which increases energy and

libido along with relaxing the adrenal glands by balancing the hormones via the

Hypothalamic-Pituitary axis (Deardorff 3).

Moreover, it is a vegetarian source of B12, bioavailable calcium and magnesium

(Sego 58). I am certain that working with a diagnostic nutritionist/metabolic

advisor is the key to recovery. I cannot stress this imperative enough! Western

doctors will most likely put you on synthetic medications for depression, anxiety

and hypothyroidism which are all band aids, not solutions. When all that is most

likely necessary is removing stressors from your life and finding the nutritional

balance your body needs. My other supplements are vitamin C, B12, D and Porcine

Thyroid tablets for thyroid regulation. In addition, I was eating two raw carrots a

day to clean the gut out and keep estrogen levels intact. Another remedy was

fulfilling a desire to return to college whereby I began taking on-line courses. This

seems to help with returning of brain function and also maintaining sanity. These

are just a few illustrations of my personalized program. Again, consult with your

physician or medical professional to cultivate your own.

In summary, determination, due-diligence and an abundance of self-love

helped me learn a lot about my body’s needs, dislikes and proper adjustments

along the way. In conclusion, adrenal exhaustion is real and can slowly and

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inconspicuously create mayhem in every area of our lives. In order to keep our life

intact, we must take personal responsibility to dig further for the underlying truth.

This can be done by carefully listening to and honoring our bodies intuitive

messages, and surrounding ourselves with particular individuals who sincerely

support our calamity and healing thereof. Without properly functioning adrenal

glands, we can easily become an estranged stranger to ourselves and loved ones.

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Works Cited

Ackerman, Richard. "Adrenal Disorders." World of Health. Gale, 2009. Student

Resources in Context. Web. 30 May 2013.

- Ackerman explains the anatomy, biology and physiology of hormone regulation.

This is important information for the potential patient or person who may

have adrenal exhaustion.

Bowthorpe, Janie, “Stomach Acid – The Why and the What.”

http://www.stopthethyroidmadness.com/stomach-acid/Web. 2013.

- Bowthorpe shines a light on the mysteries of low stomach acid and how it’s

connected with hypothyroidism.

Challem, Jack. "Replenish Exhausted Adrenals and Regain Energy." Better Nutrition,

Jan. 2012: S88+. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 30 May 2013.

- Challem gives examples of real people who have adrenal fatigue. She also offers

an easy explanation of some anatomy and physiology related to the adrenals.

Cole, Roger. “Treating Adrenal Exhaustion.” Yoga Journal, 2013. Web. 30 May

2013.

- Cole points out that rigorous exercise can be harmful on the adrenal glands. He

suggests the restorative yoga which is also recommended by my nutritionist.

Deardorff, Julie. “An Exhausting Battle Over Adrenal Fatigue.” Chicago Tribune,

Aug. 2010. Web. 30 May 2013.

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- Deardorff talks a lot about nutrition and how it effects the adrenals and thyroid.

She does a great job explaining step by step offering a great understanding

to the reader.

Deasey, Louisa. “Running on Empty?” Sunday Mail (Adelaide) [serial online]. April

17, 2011; 22. Newspaper Source Plus, Ipswich, MA. Web. 30 May 2013.

- Deasey offers real life stories as well. These are very useful in understanding

symptoms. She also offers specific information on testing.

Elrich, Steven, “Slippery Elm, Overview.”

http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/slippery-elm#ixzz38M2DnsCa.

Web. 2, May 2011.

- Elrich gives history and overview of this herb along with practical methods of

using it to heal the gut and other ailments.

Evans, Kim. “Benefits of Maca Root: Find More Energy and Hormonal Balance.”

Natural News, Dec. 2009. Web. 30 May 2013.

- Evans explains in great detail what maca root is, where it comes from and its

value. She gives easy and interesting suggestions on how to ingest it.

Gedgaudas, Nora. “Primal Body. Primal Mind.” Googlebooks. 2009. Web. 30 May

2013.

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- Gedgaudus has done her homework. Her chapter on adrenal fatigue and

hypothyroidism says it all. Excellent source for nutritional programs.

Geertsen, Laura, “Heal Low Stomach Acid Naturally.”

http://empoweredsustenance.com/heal-low-stomach-acid-naturally/ Web. 22

May, 2013.

- Geersten focuses on healing power of food even after doctors told her surgery and

medication were the only way. She offers various holistic methods to heal

low hydrochloric acid.

Gill, Brenda. "Adrenal Glands Need to be Kept in Shape." Trail Daily Times [Trail,

Canada] 2 Sept. 2011: 27. Infotrac Newsstand. Web. 30 May 2013.

- Gill makes a great point about the seasonal change to autumn where workloads

become higher and temperatures and light become lower. Autumn is a time

to rest and rejuvenate, precisely what the adrenal glands need. She offers

information on supplements to help with that.

Golden, Tara Skye, “Heal the Gut, What?!!”

http://www.taraskyegoldin.com/blog/heal-the-gut-what/. Web. 7

November 2013.

- Golden speaks to many chronic illnesses stemming from an inflamed GI

tract or gut.

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Gupta M C, Khosla P, Garg K N. “Correlation Between Intraocular Pressure and

Biochemical Changes in Experimental Glaucoma.” Indian J Ophthalmol, 1985

33:309-312 Web. 30 May 2013.

- Gupta explains something specific regarding how sugar levels change the ocular

pressure. This in turn can change vision/prescription.

Huggins, Erin. “Sugar Cravings Smackdown.” www.erinhuggins.com. Web. 5 June

2013

- Mrs. Huggins is my diagnostic nutritionist and metabolic advisor. I would be lost

without her. She has helped me find my way and is the only one who was

willing to go the distance with me, financially and otherwise.

Hyman, Mark, “Tuesday Tips~ Ready for some peace in your belly? From IBS to

Ease.” http://www.flourishintegrativehealth.com/tuesday-tips-ready-for-

some-peace-in-your-belly-from-ibs-to-ease/. Web. 2013 June.

- Dr. Hyman gives a detailed account of leaky gut amongst other intestinal issues,

with direction on how to heal the problem.

Kepes, Carolyn. www.linkedin.com/pub/carolyn-kepes/45/8a/413. Web.

- Ms. Kepes is instrumental in healing leaky gut naturally and easily.

Lam, Michael. “Adrenal Exhaustion.” www.drlam.com, 2012. Web. 30 May 2013

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- Dr Lam coined the term ovarian-adrenal-thyroid (OAT) hormone axis and

describes the imbalances related to that. His article on adrenal exhaustion is

unsurpassable.

McMillan, Matt, “Leaky Gut Syndrome: What Is It?”

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/features/leaky-gut-syndrome.

Web. 2011.

- McMillan focuses on explaining what leaky gut syndrome is and what to know if

you think you have it. He reiterates the importance of reducing stressors

from your life and modifying diet.

Nelson, Marilee, “Do You Have Enough Stomach Acid?”

http://www.branchbasics.com/learn/do-you-have-enough-stomach-

acid/Web. 2012.

- Nelson shares basic information on how to safely test the levels of stomach acid.

Nelson, Marilee, “Ways to Increase Stomach Acid Production.”

http://www.branchbasics.com/learn/ways-to-increase-stomach-acid-

production/Web. 2012.

- Nelson offers simple solutions to increasing low stomach acid (hydrochloric acid.)

Petralli, Genita. “Alcoholism: The Cause & The Cure.” Googlebooks, Mar 2004. Web.

30 May 2013.

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- Petralli offers the juxtaposition of adrenal exhaustion causing addiction while

possibly addiction causes adrenal exhaustion. It is a topic I plan to further

research and write about due to the personal struggles I have had.

Rubin, Jeanne and Josh, “Why Is Chicken Broth and or Bone Broth So Good For

You?” http://eastwesthealing.com/why-is-chicken-broth-andor-bone-broth-

so-good-for-you/. Web. 11 June, 2010

- The Rubin’s offer very detailed description of healing properties in bone broth, and

how each ingredients plays a huge role in combination with the other.

Sego, Sherri. "Maca Root." Clinical Advisor Aug. 2010: 58+. Health Reference

Center Academic. Web. 30 May 2013.

- Sego also offers the history and value of maca root. She thoroughly speaks of its

uses for decreased libido and sexual function which can be a significant

symptom with adrenal fatigue or exhaustion.

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References

Ackerman, R. (2009). Adrenal disorders. World of Health. Gale, 2009. Student

Resources in Context. Retrieved from. Retrieved from

http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.sfpl.org/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage

Challem, J. (January 2012). Replenish exhausted adrenals and regain energy.

Better Nutrition,S88. General Reference Center GOLD. Retrieved from

http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.sfpl.org/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA313708315

&v=2.1&u=sfpl_main&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w

Cole, R. (2013). Treating adrenal exhaustion. Yoga Journal, 2013. Retrieved from

http://www.yogajournal.com/practice/603.

Deardorff, J. (August 2010). An exhausting battle over adrenal fatigue. Chicago

Tribune. Retrieved from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-08-

21/health/ct-met-adrenal-fatigue-20100821_1_adrenal-failure-adrenal-

glands-unexplained-fatigue/2.

Deasey, L. (April 2011) Running on empty? Sunday Mail (Adelaide) [serial online].

22. Newspaper Source Plus, Ipswich, MA. Retrieved from

Elrich, S. ( May 2011). Slippery Elm, Overview. Retrieved from

http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/slippery-elm#ixzz38M2DnsCa.

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Evans, K. (December 2009). Benefits of maca root: find more energy and hormonal

balance. Natural News. Retrieved from

http://www.naturalnews.com/027797_maca_root_hormone_balance.html.

Gedgaudas, N. (2009). Primal body. primal mind. Googlebooks. Retrieved from

http://books.google.com/books?id=AuJSPgAACAAJ&dq=primal+body.+prima

l+mind.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kH-xUei6OOnSiwKj8oC4BA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA.

Geertsen, L. (May 2013). Heal Low Stomach Acid Naturally. Retrieved from

http://empoweredsustenance.com/heal-low-stomach-acid-naturally.

Gill, B. (September 2011). Adrenal glands need to be kept in shape. Trail Daily

Times [Trail, Canada]. 27. Infotrac Newsstand. Retrieved from

http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.sfpl.org/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA265980761

&v=2.1&u=sfpl_main&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w.

Golden, T. (November 2013). Heal the Gut, What?!! Retrieved from

http://www.taraskyegoldin.com/blog/heal-the-gut-what.

Gupta, K. (1985). Correlation between intraocular pressure and biochemical

changes in experimental glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol, 33:309-312.

Retrieved from http://www.ijo.in/text.asp?1985/33/5/309/30737.

Huggins. E. (2013). Sugar cravings smackdown. Retrieved from

www.eringhuggins.com.

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Hyman, M. (June 2013). Tuesday Tips~ Ready for some peace in your belly? From

IBS to Ease. Retrieved from

http://www.flourishintegrativehealth.com/tuesday-tips-ready-for-some-

peace-in-your-belly-from-ibs-to-ease/.

Kepes, C. (2013). www.linkedin.com/pub/carolyn-kepes/45/8a/413.

Lam, M. (2012). Adrenal exhaustion. Retrieved from www.drlam.com.

McMillan, M. (2011). Leaky Gut Syndrome: What Is It? Retrieved from

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/features/leaky-gut-syndrome.

Nelson, M. (2012). Do You Have Enough Stomach Acid? Retrieved from

http://www.branchbasics.com/learn/do-you-have-enough-stomach-acid.

Nelson, M. (2012). Ways to Increase Stomach Acid Production. Retrieved from

http://www.branchbasics.com/learn/ways-to-increase-stomach-acid-

production.

Petralli, G. (March 2004). Alcoholism: the cause & the cure. Googlebooks. 392.

Retrieved from

http://books.google.com/books?id=aQ5ExhZWkrwC&lpg=PA1&dq=alcoholis

m%20the%20cause%20and%20the%20cure&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=alcoh

olism%20the%20cause%20and%20the%20cure&f=false.

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Rubin, J. (June 2010). Why Is Chicken Broth and or Bone Broth So Good For You?

Retrieved from http://eastwesthealing.com/why-is-chicken-broth-andor-

bone-broth- so-good-for-you/.

Sego, S. (August 2010). Maca root. Clinical Advisor. 58+. Health Reference Center

Academic. Retrieved from

http://go.galegroup.com.library.wlac.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA235194524&

v=2.1&u=lawest&it=r&p=HRCA&sw=w.