Adolescent attachment state-of- mind and parent-adolescent relationship quality: Joint longitudinal predictors of social and emotional functioning Kathleen Boykin McElhaney & Joseph P. Allen University of Virginia Jill Antonishak, PhD. Glenda Insabella, Ph.D. Debbie Land, Ph.D. Maryfrances Porter, Ph.D. Mindy Schmidt, Ph.D. Collaborators : Joanna Chango Megan Schad Claire Stephenson Jennifer Haynes Katie Little Penny Marsh Nell Manning F. Christy McFarland Jessica Meyer Wrenn Thompson Farah Williams Copies of this and related papers are available at: WWW.TEENRESEARCH.ORG
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Adolescent attachment state-of-mind and parent-adolescent relationship quality: Joint longitudinal predictors of social and emotional functioning Kathleen.
Emotional Security within the Family Context What might this look like during adolescence? Step Back: Developmental Issues during Adolescence
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Adolescent attachment state-of-mind and parent-adolescent relationship quality:
Joint longitudinal predictors of social and emotional functioning
Kathleen Boykin McElhaney & Joseph P. AllenUniversity of Virginia
Research Questions What are relative contributions of these
two indexes of emotional security to long-term outcomes for teens? – Adolescents’ Attachment Organization
(level of security & preoccupation at age 14)
– Motter-Reported Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship (conflict & warmth at age 16)
Data Analysis Conducted series of hierarchical regressions All models account for gender & family income Predictors:
– AAI Security & Preoccupation (T2, age 14)– MR Level of Conflict & Affection (T4, age 16)
Long-Term Outcomes (T6,Age 18):– SR Attachment to Friends– SR Depressive Symptoms– SR Aggressive Behavior
Emotional Security and Social Functioning
Self-Reported Attachment to Friends (Age 18)
Entry
Final R2 Total R2
Security (Age 14)Preoccupation (Age 14)
.27* -.08
.22*-.09 .09* .13*
Teens who are secure at age 14 report having better relationships with their friends in late adolescence (age 18).
Emotional Security and Social Functioning
Self-Reported Attachment to Friends (Age 18)
Entry
Final R2 Total R2
Security (Age 14)Preoccupation (Age 14)
.27* -.08
.22*-.09 .09* .13*
Mother-Adol Conflict (Age 16)Maternal Exp of Affection (Age 16)
-.19* .24**
-.19* .24** .08** .21***
Teens who are secure at age 14, AND those who have less conflictual and more affectionate relationships with their
mother at age 16, report having better relationships with their friends in late adolescence (age 18).
Emotional Security and Emotional Functioning
Self-Reported Depression(Age 18)
Entry
Final R2 Total R2
Security (Age 14)Preoccupation (Age 14)
.11 .33**
.12 .34** .07* .09*
Teens who are more preoccupied at age 14report feeling more depressed during late adolescence
(age 18).
Emotional Security and Emotional Functioning
Self-Reported Depression(Age 18)
Entry
Final R2 Total R2
Security (Age 14)Preoccupation (Age 14)
.11 .33**
.12 .34** .07* .09*
Mother-Adol Conflict (Age 16)Maternal Exp of Affection (Age 16)
-.02 -.05
-.02-.05 .00 .09*
Quality of emotional security in relationships with mothers at age 16 does not contribute to the prediction of the level of
depressive symptoms at age 18, over and above preoccupation.
Emotional Security and Behavioral Functioning
Self-Reported Aggression(Age 18)
Entry
Final R2
Total R2
Security (Age 14)Preoccupation (Age 14)
-.08 .31**
-.04 .33** .12* .13*
Teens who are more preoccupied at age 14 report engaging in more aggressive behavior at age 18.
Emotional Security and Behavioral Functioning
Self-Reported Aggression(Age 18)
Entry
Final R2
Total R2
Security (Age 14)Preoccupation (Age 14)
-.08 .31**
-.04 .33** .12* .13*
Mother-Adol Conflict (Age 16)Maternal Exp of Affection (Age 16)
-.01 -.19*
-.01-.19* .03 .16*
Teens who are more preoccupied at age 14, ANDthose who have more distant (less affectionate) relationships
with their mothers at age 16 report engaging in more aggressive behavior at age 18.
Research Questions What are relative contributions of these
two indexes of emotional security? – Adolescents’ Attachment Organization
(level of security & preoccupation at age 14)
– Self-Reported Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship (conflict & warmth at age 16)
Research Questions What are relative contributions of these two
indexes of emotional security? Being able to objectively evaluate attachment
relationships (age 14) AND experiencing ongoing emotional security in relationships with mothers (age 16) are both important for adolescents’ own views of relationships with friends (age 18).
Research Questions What are relative contributions of these
two indexes of emotional security? Lacking perspective on attachment
relationships (age 14) does not predict how teens view relationships later on, but does predict higher levels of psychopathology, in terms of both depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior (age 18).
Research Questions Security and quality of relationship with
moms matter most for adolescents’ own views of relationships → can they trust their friends?
Research Questions Security and quality of relationship with
moms matter most for adolescents’ own views of relationships → can they trust their friends?
Preoccupied attachment matters most for feeling badly about one’s self, and actual interactions with others → how they act with friends.
Overall Conclusions
Emotional security remains as important during adolescence as it is during childhood
Overall Conclusions
Emotional security remains as important during adolescence as it is during childhood
Both attachment organization and ongoing quality of relationships with parents represent important indices of emotional security.