Adjustment of Survey Measurements with Solver Add-in By: zainul_ulum A. BACKGROUND Included with standard Excel is an add-in, called Solver, which is tool for optimization and solving equations. The Standard Solver was developed by Frontline System; Inc. Frontline System also has developed several more powerful solver packages for Excel. One of these, called Premium Solver which is not included in standard excel. To check or to activate Standard Solver add-In on Excel 2007, follow these steps: 1. Click the office button, then click [Excel Options]. 2. On the [Excel Options] dialog box, Select [Add-Ins] Group on the Left Panel 3. , on the Manage selection box, choose, [Excel add- Ins], then click [Go]. 4. , Check [Solver add-In], then click [OK] Once the Solver Add-In is activated or installed, it is ready for optimization and solving equation. In this article, Solver Add-in is implemented for optimizing or adjusting on survey measurements as an alternative method instead of least square adjustment using matrices. Basically, least square adjustment is a method of how to analyze and adjust survey measurements in order to obtain minimum corrections on survey measurements. Since the corrections could result in minus (negative) or plus (positive), they have to be squared to obtain positive value. It can be concluded that the good observation will have a minimum sum of squared corrections. If V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 ,….,V n are identified as correction for observation number 1, 2, 3, 4, …,n, then the criterion for least square is as follow: Φ = 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + ⋯ .+2 == For uncorrelated observations of unequal precision, the criterion is Φ = 1 1 2 + 2 2 2 + 3 3 2 + 4 4 2 + ⋯ .+2 == In which W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 ,….W n are the weight of the corresponding observations.
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Adjustment of Survey Measurements with Solver Add-in By: zainul_ulum
A. BACKGROUND
Included with standard Excel is an add-in, called Solver, which is tool for optimization and solving equations. The
Standard Solver was developed by Frontline System; Inc. Frontline System also has developed several more
powerful solver packages for Excel. One of these, called Premium Solver which is not included in standard excel.
To check or to activate Standard Solver add-In on Excel 2007, follow these steps:
1. Click the office button, then click [Excel Options].
2. On the [Excel Options] dialog box, Select [Add-Ins] Group on the Left Panel
3. , on the Manage selection box, choose, [Excel add-
Ins], then click [Go].
4. , Check [Solver add-In], then click [OK]
Once the Solver Add-In is activated or installed, it is ready for optimization and solving equation.
In this article, Solver Add-in is implemented for optimizing or adjusting on survey measurements as an alternative
method instead of least square adjustment using matrices.
Basically, least square adjustment is a method of how to analyze and adjust survey measurements in order to
obtain minimum corrections on survey measurements. Since the corrections could result in minus (negative) or
plus (positive), they have to be squared to obtain positive value. It can be concluded that the good observation will
have a minimum sum of squared corrections. If V1, V2, V3, V4,….,Vn are identified as correction for observation
number 1, 2, 3, 4, …,n, then the criterion for least square is as follow:
Φ = 𝑉12 + 𝑉22 + 𝑉32 + 𝑉42 + ⋯ . +𝑉𝑛2 == 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
For uncorrelated observations of unequal precision, the criterion is