Adjusting to Industrialization. Urbanization Cities grew along with the factories that sprang up there With all the factories in cities, there was a large.

Adjusting to Industrialization

UrbanizationCities grew along with the factories that sprang

up thereWith all the factories in cities, there was a large

number of jobs therePeople therefore moved to these cities to work

in these factoriesFrom farms elsewhere in countryFrom other countries

This process is known as urbanization1880 – 25% lived in cities1900 – 40% 1920 - >50%

Negatives of Urbanization Housing

Most people lived in tenements where multiple families lived

Working class people who had little money lived in these crowded conditions

Neighberhoods of these tenements turned into slums and crime was prevalent in these places

HealthThe crowding in these cities helped to

spread diseaseWater and sanitation systems were

not designed for the large populations

The poor working class could not afford health care or a good diet

PoliticsPolitical machines often took control

of government in these cities Did this by helping poor and immigrants

in return for votesThis led to increased corruption

Took money for themselves and “friends”

Positives of Urbanization Technologies

Had to utilize new technologies in citiesDeveloped mass transportation –

subways, elevated trains, street carsSteel and elevators made skyscrapers

possibleGas and electric lights made cities saferForced to develop new water and

sanitation systems Cultural Advances

Building of new museums, concert halls, theaters, and parks

Spread of newspapers, magazines, and novels Mark Twain Horation Alger

Improved Schools Community Improvement

Reformers tried to fix problems in cities and societies

Jane Addams started Hull House Settlement house meant to help the poor

Political reformers tried to get rid of political machines so money could be spent on services

Workers and the PoorLargest group in citiesWhere most immigrants

fellLived in slums and poor

neighborhoodsCompany towns were

owned by single employer where workers worked and livedDependent on employer for

everything

Lacked time and money to take advantage of positives that cities offered

Middle ClassConsisted of doctors, lawyers, office workers,

and skilled laborersThis class grew at the timeBetter housingHad enough money and time to take advantage

of citiesAttend concerts and sporting events

Could buy new products being made in the factoriesCars, sewing machines, phonographs

Could save money for higher education for children

WealthyEntrepreneurs and wealthy business

owners also lived in the citiesSmallest part of urban populationLived either in mansions or nice apartment

buildingsCould afford to donate to charities and

cultural institutions like libraries or music halls

Could enjoy cities the most

Changes For WomenMost Americans had always held the ideal

American woman as someone who was devoted to home and family to instill moral values.Only wealthy women had ability to devote time

to this thoughDuring industrialization more women began

working outside for economic necessity and some for larger role in society

Many of the women who got jobs outside the home but were still expected to take care of the home and children

Jobs for WomenMany working class

women took jobs in factories or related to recent technologies that had been developed.

Middle and upper class women also got jobsMost had been active in

reform movements such as abolition and temperance

Some had attended collegeTook these experiences to

work placeBecame teachers, social

workers, doctors, and lawyers

Conditions in the Work PlaceWomen who worked often were met with

hostility, laws barring them from certain jobs, and unequal pay

Women wanted to solve these problems so had to do them through legal means

Had to get right to vote firstSuffrage movement grew during this time

Other GroupsEmployers also discriminated against

African Americans and those who were older or disabledEither wouldn’t hire or pay them less

No laws to protect children from dangerous and unhealthy work in mines and factoriesFamilies often had to send children to work

instead of school to survive though