Adjectives with – ing and - ed...Adjectives with – ing and - ed •Adjectives with – ing and –ed often follow the verbs be and get. When combined with be or get, use –ing

Adjectives with – ing and - ed

• Adjectives with – ing and –ed often follow the verbs be and get.

When combined with be or get, use –ing with the giver of a feeling.

When combined with be or get, use – ed with the receiver of a feeling .

Giver Receiver The speaker bored us. We were bored The speaker was boring. The language confused me. I was confused The language was confusing ( to me). Mohammed Adam 1

As…As and So …that with Adjectives and Adverbs.

(A) Adjectives Versus Adverbs

• Adjectives are words that tell how many (three girls), what kind (little girls), or which one (that girl).

• Adverbs are words that tell when (early), where (there), how (quickly), how long or how much (very), or how often (frequently).

Mohammed Adam 4

Adjectives Versus Adverbs

Adjectives describe nouns. Courtney isn’t slow speaker. She’s a fast speaker. Adverbs frequently describe actions. Most adverbs end in

– ly. Courtney doesn’t speak slowly. She speaks very quickly. One-syllable Adverbs: the words (fast, hard, late) have the

same form as adjective and adverbs. Don’t add – ly. She speaks fast. She used to study hard. Irregular Adverbs such as (good- well) Courtney is a good student. She does very well. Mohammed Adam 5

Go Versus Play

• The verbs go and play are often used with sports an activities.

Go : When followed by an activity, the activity ends in – ing.

I go skiing every year. I went shopping yesterday. I am going to go joggling tomorrow. Play: When followed by the name of a sport, the – ing

ending is not used. Let’s play tennis this afternoon. Exception: The sport bowling We go (NOT play) bowling. Mohammed Adam 2

It’s + Adjective + Infinitive

• The infinitive is to + verb: to go, to play, to study. infinitives are often used after it + be + adjective.

Adjectives such as wonderful , incredible, interesting, tiring, boring, tedious, and terrible are often used with infinitives to give an opinion.

It’s wonderful to go bike riding in the mountains It’s tedious to study all weekend. It’s tiring to watch TV. Mohammed Adam 3

Comparisons with (Not) As……As

As …as can be used with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs to compare two things. As ….as means that two things are equal in some

way. Just is often used to emphasize that the two

things are exactly equal. Not as…as means that the first item is less or

smaller in some way than the second. Not quite as is often used to show that two

things are almost equal. Mohammed Adam 6

Comparisons with (Not) As…….As

as + adjective + as: ( A subject and verb or appropriate auxiliary verb may follow as….as.

The second subject and verb are often omitted. The second as is also omitted if nothing follows it.

- Is the food as tasty as it was last night?

- Is the food as tasty as last night?

- Is the food as tasty? Mohammed Adam 7

Followed

as + adjective + noun + as: ( as many or as few may come before count nouns, and as much or as little may come before non count nouns)

There are just as many people tonight as there were last night.

Is there as much noise tonight as there was last night?

as + adverb +as : ( In conversation you may hear adjectives instead of adverbs in these expressions:

Tonight, the chef isn’t cooking as well as last night.

Tonight, the chef isn’t cooking quite as well. Mohammed Adam 8

Adjectives and Adverbs with So…..That

So + adjective + that: (so that joins two sentences. So means very, but do not use very in the sentence).

• The TV was so loud that I couldn’t hear the conversation.

So + adjective + noncount noun + that ( so much or so little comes before noncount nouns.)

• We paid so much money for the tickets that we decided to stay. Mohammed Adam 9

Followed

So + adjective + count noun + that ( so many or so

few comes before count nouns).

• There were so few people at the race that the stadium was almost empty.

So + adverb + that.

• The others talked so loudly that I couldn’t hear our conversation. (more formal)

• The others talked so loud that I couldn’t hear any more. (more conversational) Mohammed Adam 10

Comparative Adjectives

• Comparative adjectives compare two things, by adding – er to all one – syllable adjectives and to some two syllable adjectives. Use more or less with other two – syllable adjectives and all longer adjectives.

One-syllable Adjective: This restaurant is cheap, but the one across is cheaper. Two-syllable adjectives: This café is tidy, but the other is tidier. Multi-syllable adjectives: This restaurant is interesting, but the other one is much

more interesting. Mohammed Adam 11

Comparison of Nouns

All Nouns: Comparative form comes before the nouns.

The restaurant has lower prices, but that restaurant has more interesting food.

Noncount Nouns (more / less): This restaurant has less atmosphere, but it gives

it gives much more food. Count Nouns (more / fewer): Yesterday there were fewer people in the

restaurant. Mohammed Adam 12

Comparison with Than

• Than + subject and verb:

Joe charges higher prices than Sam (does).

Joe’s Café is more expensive than Sam’s Grill (is).

• Than + noun:

Joe’s food is better than Sam’s food.

• Than + pronoun:

Sam is not very friendly. Joe is friendlier than he (is). Joe is friendlier than him. Mohammed Adam 13

Comparative Adverbs

Comparative forms of adverbs appear in comparison of two things.

Add – er to one syllable and more or less to almost all multi- syllable adverbs to form the comparative.

One –syllable adverbs:

• I leave nearer to campus.

Multi- syllable adverbs: (all adverbs take more or less in the comparative)

• I go to the museum more frequently than she does. Mohammed Adam 14

Superlative Forms

It occur in comparisons of three or more things. - Add – est to one syllable and most or least to all

multi-syllable words to form the superlative. Mohammed Adam 15

Superlative Forms

• One-syllable adjectives and adverbs: He is the fastest runner of all of us. He runs the fastest of all of us. • Two-syllable adjectives ending in –y: She is the friendliest person that I know. Her brother is the least friendly, though. • Other adjectives and adverbs: He is the most reckless skier than I know. He skis the most carelessly of anyone. • Nouns: He has the fewest accidents of any skier. He has the least free time of anyone. Mohammed Adam 16