additives

"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent

about things that matter." Martin Luther King

Name Information

A

Abietic Acid

Obtained from pine

rosin. Used as a

texturiser and

foaming in soaps,

making vinyls,

lacquers and

plastics. Can cause

allergic reactions;

skin and mucous

membrane

irritation; harmful

to marine life.

Abrasives

The most frequently

used are calcium

carbonate (chalk)

and, in toothpaste,

di-calcium

phosphate

dihydrate.

Absolutes Pure essential oils

acquired from

plants (mostly

flowers) and used in

products as natural

fragrance additives.

Acetamide MEA

Used in lipsticks

and cream blusher

to retain moisture.

Causes adverse

reactions, and is

toxic, carcinogenic,

and mutagenic.

Acetal

Fruit flavouring

solvent; synthetic

perfumes, hypnotic

in medicine. Central

nervous system

depressant,

respiratory,

cardiovascular

collapse; no known

skin toxicity,

possible high blood

pressure. On NIH

list.

Acetaldehyde

Fragrance in

cosmetics, perfume,

silvering of mirrors,

synthetic rubber.

Mucous membrane

irritation, liver

damage, kidney,

respiratory,

neurotoxicity; CNS

depression; skin

irritation;

tetragenic;

carcinogenic;

harmful to aquatic

organisms.

Acetamide MEA - n-acetyl

ethanolamine

Antistatic agent,

humectant in hair

shampoos and

conditioners, skin

cream, hair tonic.

Mild skin irritation,

caused liver cancer

in rats, may contain

DEA.

Acetaminopropyl

trimonium chloride

Antistatic agent in

shampoos, bath

soaps, conditioners

Acetarsol - acetarsone

Antimicrobial used

in mouthwash,

toothpaste, feminine

hygiene products.

Causes

sensitisation,

allergic reactions;

lethal dose in mice

is only 0.004g/kg of

body weight.

Acetate

An acetic acid salt ;

the word that

follows or precedes

acetate on an

ingredient list

determines the

function.

Acetic Acid

Acid found in

vinegar, some

fruits, and human

sweat. Used in hair

dyes and hand

lotions, and in

lotions for

bleaching freckles.

Skin irritant and

toxic to lungs.

Acetone

Colourless,

flammable liquid.

Used in cologne,

dishwashing liquid

and detergent, nail

polish, nail polish

removers. It is

excessively toxic.

Inhalation can cause

dryness of the

mouth and throat;

dizziness, nausea,

incoordination,

slurred speech,

drowsiness, and, in

severe exposures,

coma. Acts

primarily as a

central nervous

system (CNS)

depressant.

Acetonitrile - methylacynide Precursor of

cyanide. Solvent

used in artificial

nail remover,

extraction

processes. Nervous

system poison, skin

irritant,

gastrointestinal and

liver toxicity,

teratogenic, fatal if

swallowed. On

Canadian Hot list.

Acetylated Lanolin

Found in baby

products, lipsticks,

cosmetic creams,

eye makeup, hair

conditioner as an

emulsifier/emollient

. Undergoing safety

for safety. May be

contaminated with

pesticide reside.

Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol

Helps soften skin

and has anti-

allergenic

tendencies; is

highly prone to

comedogenicity

(causes blackheads

and/or white heads)

- this is an example

of an alcohol that

may be drying to

the skin.

Acetylmethionyl

methylsilanol elastinate

Antistatic agent.

Considered safe in

cosmetics such as

hair conditioner and

skin conditioners.

Acetyl tyrosine

Biological additive

used in cosmetics,

suntan creams and

liquids, dietary

supplement. Non-

essential amino

acid, generally

recognised as safe.

Acid colours - black, blue,

brown, green, orange, red

violet, yellow

Tints and dyes for

hair colouring.

Many can cause

skin, eye and

mucous membrane

irritation. See Azo

Dyes. See Coal Tar.

Acid Rinse

Extremely useful

for eliminating soap

films from the hair

after shampooing.

A mixture of

vinegar or lemon

juice and water is a

common one.

Acrylates Copolymer

Active ingredient in

an oil-absorbing

gel.

Acrylates/Octylpropenamid

e Copolymer

A binder, film

former used in nail

polish, blusher,

hairspray, mascara.

Creates a water-

repelling basis for

cosmetics claiming

water-proof

properties. A strong

irritant.

Acylamide copolymer A film former,

thickener used in

nail enamels,

cosmetics. Causes

liver, reproductive

and neurotoxicity.

Toxic by skin

absorption.

Hazardous to the

environment,

especially harmful

to fish.

After Shave

A perfumed liquid

usually containing

alcohol used to

soothe the skin after

shaving. May

contain menthol to

cool irritated skin.

After Shave Balm

After shave with a

thicker consistency

containing lotion

for increased

moisturizing

capabilities.

Ahnfeltia concinna Botanical additive

used in skin

conditioners and

beauty aids.

Albumin

Type of protein

found in blood, egg

whites, milk, fruits,

and vegetables.

Alchemy

The study and

practice of

chemistry in the

Middle Ages which

focused primarily

on the

transmutation of

metals into gold and

the finding of a

universal remedy

for disease.

Alcohol

A group of

compounds that

includes ethanol,

methanol, and

others. Acts as

carrying and

antifoaming agent

as well as a water

and oil solvent. It

dries quickly, and if

synthetically

produced is

carcinogenic,

mutagenic, toxic

and can cause

adverse reactions.

Algae/Seaweed Extract

An emollient,

restoring moisture

content to skin;

claims to have

antioxidant

properties.

Alkyl Benzine Sulphonate

A detergent used in

shampoos, bubble

baths. Believed to

be non-toxic orally,

drying of the skin,

may cause skin

irritation.

Alkyloamides

Groups of synthetic

fatty acids

designated as DEA,

MEA, MIPA, and

PEG. Used for

thickening, gelling,

emulsifying,

emolliency, skin

and hair

conditioning, foam

boosting, foam

stabilizing, wetting,

opacifying,

lubricating, powder

binding, skin

protecting,

fungicidal

properties, and

super-fatting. Found

in shampoos,

bubble baths, and

liquid hand and

body cleansers.

Harmful when

contaminated by

nitrosamines and

harmful to the

environment.

Alkyl-phenol-ethoxylades Has been found to

reduce male sperm

count, and to mimic

estrogens in the

body. It is widely

used in shampoo,

causes adverse

reactions and has

been shown to be

toxic, mutagenic

and carcinogenic.

Allantoin

Anti-microbial, oral

care agent reported

to have healing,

soothing, and anti-

irritating properties.

Extracted from

urea, which is

derived from the

urine of most

animals, and from

herbs like comfrey

or uva ursi.

Aloe Vera/ Gel

Is a compound

expressed from the

leaf of the aloe

plant, which is a

South African lily-

like plant. A

moisture storehouse

for enzymes,

vitamins, proteins,

and minerals that

support skin

functions, Aloe

Vera helps maintain

the skin's moisture

balance and

stimulates blood

circulation.

Tightens and

rejuvenates skin

leaving it silky

feeling.

Alpha Hydroxy Acids

(AHA)

Do not use on

children or infants.

Group of acids that

appear naturally in

fruit. AHA’s

include: citric acid

(citrus fruits),

glycolic acid (sugar

cane), lactic acid

(milk), and the less

common AHA's

used in cosmetics

malic acid (apples)

and tartaric acid

(wine). Used in

toners, creams. Skin

is exfoliated

chemically instead

of mechanically via

abrasion, dries and

increases skin

aging. Supposed to

be anti-wrinkle,

found in many skin

and hair care

products. Higher

risk of skin cancer.

Used as a solvent

originally in

cleaning

compounds and for

tanning leather. A

smooth finish is

developed by

stripping the outer

layer of the

epidermis, which

causes the irritated

skin to puff up and

thus fill in the lines

and wrinkles. The

US FDA warns that

strengths over 3%

may thin the skin.

Can be a skin

irritant causing

redness and rashes.

Alpha Lipoic Acid

An antioxidant; is

both water and fat

soluble so it can go

to many areas of a

cell.

Alpha-Terpineol

Perfumery ?In lilac

and lily of the

valley type

fragrances. Also in

apple blossom,

fougere and

specialty perfumes.

In addition to

concentrates and

luxury fragrances,

alpha-Terpineol is

used extensively in

fragrances for bath

preparations, soaps,

detergents, polishes

and other household

products

Pharmaceutical

?Material

complying with the

BP 1980 can

usually be supplied.

Flavour ?Used in

moderate amounts

in berry flavours,

and in lemon, lime,

nutmeg, orange,

peach and various

spice and floral

types. Alpha-

Terpineol is a

nature-identical

flavouring

substance as

defined by the

International

Organization of the

Flavour Industry

(IOFI).

Causes central

nervous system

disorders. Highly

irritating to mucous

membranes.

Aspiration into the

lungs can produce

pneumonitis or even

fatal oedema. Can

also cause

"excitement, ataxia

(loss of muscular

coordination),

hypothermia, CNS

and respiratory

depression, and

headache. Prevent

repeated or

prolonged skin

contact.

Alum

Usually in crystal or

powder form; has

strong astringent

properties; used in

stypic sticks,

popular with men

who often nick

themselves shaving.

Aluminium

Used as a colour

additive in

cosmetics,

especially eye

shadows. Another

form of Aluminium

is used in

deodorants and

antiperspirants.

Listed as

carcinogenic, toxic

and mutagenic.

Ingestion or

inhalation can

aggravate kidney

and lung disorders,

cardiovascular,

reproductive,

neurotoxicity.

Evidence of link to

Alzheimer's disease.

EU Parliament said

aluminium should

be banned.

Aluminium acetate

Anti-microbial used

in antiperspirants,

deodorants, barrier

creams,

waterproofing,

fabric finishes, dye

for furs. Causes

skin rashes, severe

sloughing of the

skin, ingestion of

large doses can

cause diarrhoea,

nausea, vomiting

and bleeding. See

aluminium.

Aluminium Chloride

Used as a deodorant

agent and can be

found in lipsticks,

antiperspirants.

Causes skin

irritation, allergic

reactions,

reproductive and

neurotoxicity,

teratogenic, harmful

to aquatic

organisms. See

aluminium.

Aluminium Chlorohydrate

Used as a deodorant

agent and can be

found in

deodorants,

antiperspirants.

Causes contact

allergic reactions,

hair follicle

infections, irritation

of abraded skin. See

aluminium.

Aluminium Hydroxide

Is less toxic than

mercury, arsenic,

lead or cadmium,

but it appears to be

more persistent than

most of them. The

danger is one that

only manifests itself

over long periods of

time.

"Aluminium

hydroxide is used in

vaccines to increase

the body's

production of

antibodies, though

no one knows how

it works," says

Purdue researcher

Stanley Hem,

professor of

industrial and

physical pharmacy.

Aluminium is a

protoplasmic poison

and a deadly,

persistent

neurotoxin. No

living systems use

aluminium as part

of a biochemical

process. Ironically,

the American

Academy of

Paediatrics admits

that Aluminium is

now being

implicated as

interfering with a

variety of cellular

and metabolic

processes in the

nervous system and

in other tissues. As

of today, it is still in

vaccines.

Aluminium is a

known toxin that

can cause

encephalitis, bone

disease and anemia

in susceptible

people. The kidneys

eliminate

Aluminium from

the body and so

people with renal

problems are at risk

of Aluminium

toxicity. All infants

have reduced renal

function and may

not be able to

effectively excrete

excessive

Aluminium. Kidney

function is low at

birth and reaches

adult level by 1-2

years of age. The

presence of

Aluminium in a

vaccine can cause

small nodules to

develop under the

skin of some babies.

Aluminium zirconium

octachlorohydrate

Used as a deodorant

agent in non-aerosol

antiperspirants,

deodorants.

Harmful, contact

allergic reactions,

skin irritation, lung

damage,

granulomas. See

aluminium.

Ambergris

A fixative and

flavouring found in

perfumes, food,

beverages,

cigarettes. It is 80%

cholesterol, no

know side effects.

Amino Acids

Every living cell in

the body contains

protein and cannot

function properly

without it.

Approximately 80

amino acids are

found in nature;

only 20 are

necessary for

human metabolism.

Some must be

supplied by food

and are called

"essential". Amino

acids are rapidly

absorbed in the

blood stream, and in

combination with

vitamins, provide

essential nutrients

to a wound area to

promote healing.

Aminomethyl propanol

An emulsifier used

in hairspray,

shaving cream,

cosmetic creams,

deodorant.

Considered safe up

to 1%

concentration. May

cause skin irritation.

2-Amino-4-Nitrophenol

4-Amino-2-Nitrophenol

Used as a hair

colourant in orange-

red and medium

brown hair dyes. On

a list of substances

facing a ban in the

EU. Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Aminophenol

A colourant used in

hair dyes.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Ammonium carbonate

Used as a

neutraliser, buffer

in permanent wave

solutions and

creams, fire

extinguishers.

Causes skin rash on

scalp, forehead and

hands, contact

dermatitis.

Ammonium chloride

Used as a acidifier,

buffer in bubble

baths, hair bleach,

shampoos, batteries,

dies, medicines.

Possible skin and

eye irritation in

some people. Toxic

to aquatic animals.

Compound

descriptor : Drug,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant.

Ammonium cocoyl

isethionate

Used as a cleanser

in soaps, shampoos.

Considered safe in

cosmetic use, may

cause skin rashes.

Ammonium cocoyl

sarcosinate

A surfactant used in

shampoos and

dentifrices. May be

contaminated with

carcinogenic

nitrosamines.

Possible mutagen.

Ammonium hydroxide

A buffering agent,

denaturant used in

hair dyes, hair

straightener, barrier

cream, mascaras,

cigarettes, stain

removers,

detergents. Irritating

to the eyes and

mucous

membranes; may

cause hair breakage;

toxic by ingestion;

harmful to the

environment.

Compound

description :

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Ammonium laureth

sulphate (ALES)

A surfactant used in

shampoos, bubble

baths, hand wash,

dishwashing liquid,

detergent. May be

contaminated with

carcinogenic

nitrosamines.

Ammonium lauryl sulphate

(ALS)

A surfactant,

foaming agent used

in shampoos,

bubble baths, liquid

hand and body

wash, toothpaste,

bath gel,

dishwashing liquid,

car wash detergent.

Possibly derived

from natural

coconut alcohols.

Acts as a mild

cleanser

replacement of SLS

in a number of skin

care products.

Effects are

considered milder

than SLS and

doesn't have the

chronic toxicity

problems of SLS

however this may

be due to the lack of

research carried out

on this ingredient.

One study showed

that at only 2% it

was deemed as

extremely irritating

and just as irritating

as SLS.

See Anionic

Surfactants

See Sodium Laureth

Sulphate

See Nitrosating

Agents

Ammonium lauroyl

sarcosinate

A surfactant used in

shampoos and

dentifrices. May be

contaminated with

carcinogenic

nitrosamines.

Ammonium persulphate

A preservative,

oxidiser used in

cosmetics, dyes,

skin lightener, soap,

detergents. Can

cause asthma,

mucous membrane

and skin irritation,

brittle hair.

Ammonium sulphate

A surfactant,

cleanser used in

permanent wave

lotions, tanning,

filler in vaccines.

Liver, neuro and

respiratory toxicity,

dry and denatured

hair. Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical, Mutagen

Ammonium thioglycolate

An antioxidant used

in hair

straighteners,

depilatories,

permanent wave

solutions. Can

cause severe burns

and blistering of the

skin, hair breakage,

cumulative irritant,

severe allergic

reaction.

Amyl acetate

A solvent,

flavouring used in

perfumes, nail

polish, nail polish

remover, banana

flavouring in foods,

perfuming shoe

polish. May cause

headache, fatigue,

chest pain, CNS

depression, neuro

and respiratory

toxicity, mucous

membrane

irritation.

Compound

descriptor: Primary

Irritant.

Amyl dimethyl PABA

A UV absorber

used in sunscreen

preparations. May

cause sensitisation,

increase breast

cancer cell division,

estrogenic,

endocrine

disruption,

carcinogenic.

Compound

descriptor: Primary

Irritant.

Anethole

A flavouring,

denaturant used in

perfume,

toothpaste,

mouthwash. Can

cause hives, skin

blistering and

scaling, gum and

throat irritation.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic

Animal Fat tallow

A type of animal

tissue made up of

oily solids or

semisolids that are

water-insoluble

esters of glycerol

with fatty acids.

Animal fats and lye

are the chief

ingredients in bar

soap, a cleansing

and emulsifying

product that may

act as a breeding

ground for bacteria.

Anionic Surfactants

Anionic refers to

the negative charge

these surfactants

have. They may be

contaminated with

nitrosamines, which

are carcinogenic.

Surfactants can

pose serious health

threats. They are

used in car washes,

as garage floor

cleaners and engine

degreasers - and in

90% of personal-

care products that

foam.

Sodium Lauryl

Sulphate (SLS)

Sodium Laureth

Sulphate (SLES)

Ammonium Lauryl

Sulphate (ALS)

Ammonium

Laureth Sulphate

(ALES)

Sodium Methyl

Cocoyl Taurate

Sodium Lauroyl

Sarcosinate

Sodium Cocoyl

Sarcosinate

Potassium Coco

Hydrolysed

Collagen

TEA

(Triethanolamine)

Lauryl Sulphate

TEA

(Triethanolamine)

Laureth Sulphate

Lauryl or Cocoyl

Sarcosine

Disodium Oleamide

Sulfosuccinate

Disodium Laureth

Sulfosuccinate

Disodium Dioctyl

Sulfosuccinate etc

Anise Oil

Known for its

warm, spicy

liquorice-like scent.

An antiseptic and

stimulant.

Antioxidants

Substances that

slow the breakdown

of nutrients and

counteract the

destructive effect of

free radicals

(chemically reactive

compounds) in the

body. There are

several types which

include vitamins A,

E, C complex, and

B complex, the

minerals selenium

and zinc, and the

synthetic

compounds BHT

and BHA. Vitamins

A, C, and E as well

as BHA and BHT

are used as

preserving agents in

cosmetics.

Apothecary

A person who

prepares and sells

medications, a

pharmacist. A

system of weights

used in the

pharmacy.

Apricot Kernel A natural exfoliant

especially when

finely ground.

Aqua

A solvent used in

many cosmetics,

personal care

products, canned

and bottled food

beverages. No

adverse health

affects, provided

that it is pure and

not contaminated

with chlorine,

sodium fluoride,

etc.

Arnica Extract

Herbal extract made

from the dried

flowers of a

mountain-loving

plant. Has reviving

and firming

qualities.

Aroma

The pleasing odour,

many times

recognizable, given

off by a substance.

Aromatherapy

The use of essences

that are extracted

from different parts

of a plant - Root,

Seed, Flower, Leaf,

Bark, Fruit. These

essences are called

essential oils.

Essential oils have

numerous

properties and

various scents that

affect us on a

mental, emotional,

spiritual and

physical level. The

art of using the

essential (odour

producing) oils

from roots, barks,

and herbs for

treating the skin and

body.

Ascorbic Acid Acid occurring

naturally in many

fruits. Also known

as vitamin C; used

as an antioxidant in

its L-ascorbic acid

form, can have skin

lightening effect in

certain preparations,

is important to

keeping as well as

rebuilding healthy

collagen fibres.

Used as a

preservative and

antioxidant in food

and cosmetics.

Non-toxic and not a

skin irritant.

Ascorbyl Palmitate

Preservative with

antioxidant

properties: its

presence helps

make possible the

blending of

vitamins A, C, and

D into a suspension

for cosmetic creams

and lotions.

Astringent

A clear liquid

containing alcohol

used mostly to

cleanse oily skin,

closes pores with its

property of

contracting the skin.

Azuki Beans

Traditional

Japanese beans

which, when

ground, are

excellent natural

exfoliant's. Protein

and mineral rich.

Azo dyes

A colourant used in

non-permanent hair

rinses and tints,

foods, beverages.

Skin contact can

cause hives,

urticaria, asthma,

hay fever, allergic

reactions, bladder

cancer. May be

absorbed through

the skin.

Cosmetic Ingredients

Reference Guide &

Dictionary Understanding Labels, Descriptions,

Warnings, and Safety

Home Page

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

"Doctors put drugs of which they know little,

into bodies of which they know less, for

diseases of which they know nothing at all."

Voltaire

Name Information

B

Balm Mint Extract A fragrant herb with

soothing properties

Balsam Peru, benzyl cinnamate

As an antiseptic used

in face masks,

perfumes and cream

hair rinses. A

common sensitiser,

may cause contact

dermatitis and may

cross-react with

many substances

including benzoin,

benzyl alcohol,

essential oils and

wood tars.

Compound

descriptor: Natural

Product, Primary

Irritant

Barium sulphate

A depilatory agent

used in depilatories,

cosmetics. Often

causes skin irritation,

poisonous if

ingested. Compound

descriptor :

Tumorigenic, Drug,

Mutagen

Barium sulphide

An opacifier,

depilating agent

used in depilatories,

hair relaxers,

cosmetics. May

cause skin rashes,

chemical burns,

never apply to

inflamed skin,

poisonous if

ingested. Toxic

effects: Peripheral

Nerve and Sensation

- flaccid paralysis

without anaesthesia

(usually

neuromuscular

blockage),

Behavioural - muscle

weakness, Lungs,

Thorax, or

Respiration -

dyspnea

Base Notes

The infusion of

fragrance with your

personal body

chemistry.

Bath Gels

A perfumed foaming

product used in the

bath for its soothing,

cleansing and

emollient qualities.

Bath Oils

A perfumed liquid,

usually containing

mineral or vegetable

oil, designed to

moisturize the skin

in the bath. Can be

foaming or non-

foaming.

Bath Powder

Scented loose

powder applied to

the body with a

powder puff after

bathing.

Bath Salts

Rock salts used in

the bath to colour,

scent and, or

chemically treat the

water.

Bee Pollen

A natural substance

that is prominent in

pantothenic acid.

European research

suggests it may be

beneficial in fighting

the effects of

radiation exposure.

It is not, however,

particularly valuable

as a topical.

Beeswax

Waxy component in

many skin care

products,

confectionary, soft

drinks, chewing

gum. Provides

moisture as well as a

barrier mechanism.

Allows for oil and

water blending

(emulsion). Can

cause mild allergic

reactions and

contact dermatitis.

Behentrimonium chloride

A preservative. See

Quaternary

Ammonium

compounds.

Benzyl cinnamate, Balsam Peru

used in face masks,

perfumes and cream

hair rinses. A

common sensitiser,

may cause contact

dermatitis and may

cross-react with

many substances

including benzoin,

benzyl alcohol,

essential oils and

wood tars.

Bentonite

Clay that is an

effective skin

clarifier used in

facial masks,

makeup, colourant

in wine. It takes its

name from Fort

Benton where

bentonite deposits

are found. Inert and

generally non-toxic,

may clog skin pores

inhibiting proper

skin function,

venous injection

causes blood clots

and possibly

tumours.

Benzaldehyde

A solvent, flavouring

found in perfume,

cologne, hairspray,

laundry bleach,

deodorants,

detergent, vaseline

lotion, shaving

cream, shampoo,

bar soap,

dishwasher

detergent, sweets,

cordials, ice cream,

cigarettes. Narcotic.

Sensitiser. Local

anaesthetic, central

nervous system

depressant. Irritation

to the mouth,

throat, eyes, skin,

lungs, and GI tract,

causing nausea and

abdominal pain. May

cause kidney

damage. Do not use

with contact lenses.

Benzalkonium Chloride

A preservative,

detergent used in

shampoos, hair

conditioner, mouth

washes, eye lotions,

antiseptic and

detergent in medical

use. Highly toxic,

primary skin irritant.

See Cationic

surfactants

From Material

Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS):

Material is highly

toxic via oral route.

Effects of

overexposure:

Mists can cause

irritation to the

skin, eye, nose,

throat and mucous

membranes. Avoid

direct contact.

Symptoms:

Muscular paralysis,

low blood pressure,

central nervous

system depression,

and weakness.

Benzene

It is a known bone-

marrow poison, yet

is widely used and

combined with other

chemicals in many

personal care

products. A solvent

used in nail polish

removers,

detergents, nylon,

artificial leather,

varnish, lacquers,

oven cleaner,

paint. Causes

adverse reactions, is

carcinogenic,

mutagenic and toxic.

Benzethonium chloride

A preservative,

antistatic agent used

in cosmetics,

feminine hygiene

products. Possibly

has endocrine

toxicity, skin

irritation, toxic to

aquatic organisms.

See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Tumorigenic, Drug,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Benzin

A solvent, coating

used on fruit and

vegetables. Chronic

exposure can cause

dizziness,

headaches, loss of

appetite. Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Tumorigenic,

Primary Irritant

Benzophenones - 15 or more

exist

A flavouring, fixative,

UV absorber used in

hair sprays, soaps,

sunscreen, perfume,

flavourings. May

cause hives,

photoallergic

reactions, contact

sensitivity, toxic

when injected, on NI

hazards list.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen.

Benzoyl Peroxide

A bleaching and

drying agent,

antibacterial agent

kills p. acnes, the

germ responsible for

acne flares. Can be

drying and/or

irritating. Corrosive.

Some reports of

benzoyl peroxide

skin allergies.

Available in both

prescription and

over the counter

forms ranging from 2

?-10%. Also found in

artificial nail kits.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Benzyl Acetate

A flavouring, solvent

used in perfume

formulations, soaps,

ice cream, baked

gods, chewing gum,

cellulose nitrate and

cellulose acetate.

Carcinogenic (linked

to pancreatic

cancer). From

vapours: irritating to

eyes and respiratory

passages, exciting

cough. In mice:

hyperaemia of the

lungs. Can be

absorbed through

the skin causing

systemic effects. Do

not flush to

sewer. On NIH

hazards list.

MSDS: Inhalation:

Burning sensation.

Confusion.

Dizziness.

Drowsiness.

Laboured

breathing. Sore

throat.

Ingestion: Burning

sensation.

Convulsion.

Diarrhoea.

Drowsiness.

Vomiting.

Effects of Short-

term Exposure:

The vapour is

irritating to the

eyes and the

respiratory tract.

The substance may

cause effects on the

central nervous

system. Exposure

far above the OEL

may result in

unconsciousness.

Effects of Long-

term or repeated

exposure: The

liquid de-fats the

skin. The substance

may have effects

on the kidneys.

Benzyl alcohol

A solvent,

preservative,

denaturant used in

perfumes, hair dyes,

shampoos, nail

varnish, fruit

flavourings, fabric

softener, cigarettes.

The use of benzyl

alcohol in neonates

has been associated

with a high level of

morbidity and

mortality. Benzyl

alcohol is most

commonly used as a

preservative in

injectable products.

On NIH hazards list.

Summary toxicity to

humans, including

carcinogenicity,

reproductive and

developmental

toxicity,

neurotoxicity, and

acute toxicity.

MSDS:

Ingestion:

Abdominal pain.

Diarrhoea.

Drowsiness.

Nausea. Vomiting.

Inhalation:

Cough. Sore throat.

Benzyl carbinol

A preservative found

in most rose

perfume, cosmetics,

synthetic fruit

flavouring. Causes

eye irritation, toxic if

ingested, sensitiser,

birth defects in rats,

CNS injury in mice.

Compound

descriptor: Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

Benzyl Cinnamate

A UV absorber,

additive in

cosmetics,

perfumes,

cigarettes,

pesticides. Can cause

a stinging sensation

in some people. On

NIH hazards list.

Compound

descriptor: Natural

Product, Primary

Irritant

Benzylhemiformal

A preservative used

in cosmetics.

Prolonged skin

contact may be

harmful.

Benzyl salicylate

A UV absorber used

in sunscreens,

perfumes,

cigarettes. Can cause

skin rash and

swelling on exposure

to sunlight.

Betaglucans

A thickener used in

facial powders, skin

conditioners. No

known adverse

affects. May have

beneficial effects.

Beta-naphthol

A solvent used in

hair tonics, hair

dyes, skin peels,

perfumes. Can cause

kidney damage, eye

injury, convulsions,

anaemia and death

from ingestion, skin

damage, contact

dermatitis.

Compound

descriptor: Drug,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Beta Hydroxy Acid - BHA An exfoliant used in

exfoliant creams,

skin peels, skin

masks, moisturisers,

acne therapy. Can

cause

photosensitivity, skin

reactions if skin is

dry or sensitive,

changes skin pH, not

to be used on

children. New term

for salicylic acid.

BHA (Butylated Hydroxyanisole)

BHT (Butylated

Hydroxytoluene)

Synthetic

antioxidants used as

preservatives.

Known to cause

allergic contact

dermatitis. Animal

studies showed BHA

& BHT to cause

metabolic stress,

depression of

growth rate, loss of

weight, damage to

the liver, baldness &

foetal abnormalities.

Dr Benjamin

Feingold claims BHA

& BHT are causes of

hyperactivity and

behavioural

disturbances in

children. Whilst

difficult to

substantiate,

observations have

shown that

avoidance of BHA &

BHT has significantly

improved children's

conditions. BHA &

BHT both act as a

synthetic oestrogen

or xeno-oestrogen.

Causes allergic

contact dermatitis. Is

a skin & eye irritant

and slowly corrodes

metals. Up to 13% of

the BHT is absorbed

through the skin

Biochemistry

The learning of the

chemical compounds

workings that occur

in living plants and

animals.

Biotin

A texturiser,

moisturiser found in

cosmetic creams,

hair conditioner. It is

one of the B

vitamins that assists

in dermatitis and

hair loss.

Bismuth compounds

Used in bleaching

and freckle creams,

nail polish, hair dyes.

Toxic effects include

memory loss,

convulsions,

confusion,

intellectual

impairment, kidney

and cardiovascular

toxicity.

Bisphenol A

A hardener used in

nail polish,

cosmetics, some

plastic storage

containers for food

and cosmetics.

Neurological

diseases, learning

difficulties, birth

defects in mice,

endocrine

disruption, persists

in the environment.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

Blackhead

The plug of a

clogged oil gland

(pore) exposed to

the surface of the

skin with a black tip.

Easily visible.

Blend

A thorough mixture

of two or more

substances so that

neither is

distinguishable from

the other. In makeup

application, shading.

Blue 1 Coal tar dye. Overt

Carcinogen

Body Lotion

A non-oily product

applied to the skin to

moisturize, soothe

and scent. Can be

stored in a tube or

bottle.

Borates

This common term

refers to salts

describable to boric

oxide or orthoboric

acid.

Borax

An emulsifier,

texturiser in cold

cream, shaving

cream, water

softener, insecticide.

Chronic exposure

can cause red

peeling skin,

seizures, kidney

failure, harmful to

aquatic animals.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical, Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector. Lowest

published lethal

dose of human

infant at 1 gm/kg,

man at 709 mg/kg

Boric Acid

Also known as

acidum boricum.

Found in baby

powder, bath

powder, eye cream,

mouthwash, soap.

Used widely as an

eyewash. Odourless,

white crystalline

powder. It can be

used around

windows and doors

as a bug repellent or

fungus control on

citrus fruit. Should

not be used in baby

cosmetics or baby

powder. It is

poisonous at doses

1-3g for babies, 5g

for children, and 15-

20g for adults.

Causes

gastrointestinal,

liver, kidney,

reproductive, blood

and neurotoxicity,

severe poisoning has

occurred after

ingestion and

application to

abraded skin.

Botanical Any substance

acquired from plants

which has medicinal

or similar uses.

Brewers Yeast

Rich in vitamins and

proteins, this proven

moisturizer helps

keep skin soft and

supple.

Bromates

A maturing agent in

permanent wave

neutraliser, bread

making. Can cause

respiratory

depression, skin

eruptions, kidney

dysfunction and

failure, effects the

central nervous

system. Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic.

Bromochlorophene A preservative in

cosmetics. Acutely

toxic when ingested.

Bronopol, BNDP

2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3

diol

Toxic alcohol,

preservative. It is

used in fabric

softeners,

detergents,

shampoo, mascara,

eye makeup, liquid

hand wash, nail

polish, face creams,

hair dressings and

bath oils. It is a

white crystalline

powder that can

cause eye and skin

irritation at

concentrations of

.25%. Nitrosamine

Precursor.

Formaldehyde

Releaser.

Bronidox L

5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane

A preservative found

in shampoo,

mascara, eye

makeup, liquid hand

wash. Skin and eye

irritation, can

release

formaldehyde, can

form nitrosamines.

Butane

A propellant used in

aerosol cosmetics,

refrigerant. Natural

inert gas.

Acceptable daily

intake (ADI): None

determined. Side

effects: None

known by use in

foods (943a).

Butyl Acetate A toxic solvent,

flavouring used in

perfume, nail polish

remover, eye

shadow, soap,

synthetic flavouring,

cigarettes. Toxic, can

cause skin and eye

irritations,

conjunctivitis,

irritation of the

respiratory tract.

Compound

descriptor:

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant.

Butyl alcohol

A solvent, clarifier in

shampoos, nail

products, synthetic

flavouring, waxes,

shellac, resin,

cigarettes.

Compound

descriptor: Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

Butylated hydroxanisole

A preservative found

in cosmetics, foods

(320).

Butylated hydroxytoluene

A preservative,

antioxidant found in

lipsticks, eyeliner,

baby oils and lotions,

foods (321).

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

Butylene glycol A humectant,

solvent in hairsprays,

setting lotions. Not

on the GRAS list of

the US FDA,

ingestion may cause

renal damage,

vomiting,

drowsiness,

depression, kidney

damage, coma,

death.

Butyl myristate

An emollient in

lipstick, face cream,

nail polish, nail

polish remover. Eye

and skin irritant, can

promote acne.

Butylparaben

A preservative found

in cosmetics and

shampoo. Allergic

reactions, skin

irritations. See

Paraben's.

Butyrolactone

A solvent in nail

polish and polish

remover, cosmetics,

making

Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Toxic, possible

human carcinogen,

on NIH hazard list.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic, Drug,

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector

Butyl Stearate

An artificial chemical

found in face creams

and other facial care

products. Compound

descriptor:

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

20060608

Cosmetic Ingredients

Reference Guide &

Dictionary Understanding Labels, Descriptions,

Warnings, and Safety

Home Page

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

"I don't always go into details about the

possible side effects of drugs. I tell them all

drugs are poisons with possible beneficial side

effects." - Dr Jay Gordon

Name Information

C

C13-14 isoparaffin A solvent used in

moisturisers,

soaps, shaving

products,

sunscreen.

Impurities can

cause eczema and

irritation. Pure

paraffin is thought

to be harmless to

the skin.

Caffeine

A flavouring in

lipsticks, helps

other ingredients

penetrate the skin,

liqueurs, soft

drinks, chocolate,

cigarettes. Used

to alleviate

puffiness under

eyes. Causes liver,

neuro,

gastrointestinal,

kidney and

musculoskeletal

toxicity,

teratogenic. Not

recommended for

children. On NIH

hazards list.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic, Drug,

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Natural

Product.

Calamine

A pink powder that

is made of zinc

oxide with a small

amount of ferric

oxide. It is used in

lotions, ointments,

and liniments. It is

a customary

mixture that is

soothing and

healing to the skin.

It is great for itchy

rashes such as

poison ivy. It is

natural but some

formulas contain

phenol which can

cause poisoning

when applied to

the skin. A blend

of natural

calamine and aloe

vera is a good,

pure skin

treatment for

burns, rashes, and

insect bites.

Calcium acetate

An emulsifier in

fragrances in

cosmetics, dying,

tanning and curing

skins. Compound

description:

Mutagen

Calcium Alginate

Non-toxic. It is

used in many

foods for binding.

Also used as a film-

former in peel-off

masks. It is a

stabilizer for oil-in-

water emulsions.

Calcium Carbonate

Natural occurring

salt that is found in

limestone, chalk,

and marble. It is

used as a pigment

and for pigment

prolonging. It has

no known toxicity.

Calcium Chloride Customarily used

in road salt and

antifreeze. It is

used in cosmetics

as an emulsifier

and texturiser. If

taken internally, it

can cause

constipation and

stomach problems.

It can also cause

lung difficulties if

inhaled during

manufacturing or

processing. It's

toxicity in

cosmetics is

unknown.

Calcium myristate

A surfactant in

cosmetics.

Considered safe,

can promote acne.

Calcium silicate An anti-caking

agent in face

powders, baking

powder, limeglass.

Practically non-

toxic orally,

irritation of the

lungs and

respiratory tract,

allergic skin

reactions.

Calcium stearate

An opacifier,

colourant, in

shampoos, hair

conditioners,

paints, printing

ink, pesticides.

Considered safe

for cosmetics, but

being reviewed.

Calcium sulphide

A depilating agent

in depilatories and

luminous paints.

Possibly toxic, skin

and eye irritation,

can cause allergic

reactions,

corrosive.

Calcium thioglycolate

A depilating agent

in permanent

wave lotions,

cream

depilatories,

tanning leather.

Harmful, skin

problems on hands

or scalp,

haemorrhaging

under the skin,

severe allergic

reactions, thyroid

problems in

experimental

animals.

Calomel A bleaching agent

in skin bleaches,

freckle cream,

"beauty creams".

Teratogenic,

mercury

poisoning, persists

in the

environment, very

toxic to aquatic

animals. See

mercury

compounds.

Calendula Extract

Marigolds are the

source for this

wonderful

emollient oil which

has a soothing

effect on skin.

Camphor Oil

Distilled from the

wood, roots and

branches of an

evergreen tree

native to China

and Japan. Used to

treat acne,

inflammation, oily

conditions, spots.

Found in: perfume,

shaving cream, nail

enamel, fabric

softener,

dishwasher

detergent, nail

colour, stickup air

freshener - local

irritant and central

nervous system

stimulant, readily

absorbed through

body tissues,

irritation of eyes,

nose and throat,

dizziness,

confusion, nausea,

twitching muscles

and convulsions.

Avoid inhalation of

vapours.

Candelilla Wax

A herbal wax. It is

used in lipsticks, in

creams, and as a

replacement for

rubber.

Canthaxanthin

A pink colourant in

artificial tanning

aids, chicken feed

to colour yolk.

Aplastic anaemia,

oral intake can

cause loss of night

vision.

Caprylic acid

An oil liquid made

by the oxidation of

octanol for use in

perfumery. Occurs

naturally in palm

and coconut oil.

Caprylic/ capric/ lauric An emollient

triglyceride solvent used in

lipstick, bath oil,

perfume, soap,

hair spray. Low

toxicity, mild eye

and skin irritation.

Capsicum Oleoresin

An oil from the

pepper family that

is used in hair

tonics to arouse

the scalp. It is said

to upgrade hair

growth. It may

however cause

allergic reactions

in some people.

Captan

A preservative

used in soap,

shampoo,

cosmetics,

agricultural

fungicide. Causes

immuno and

neurotoxicity,

reproductive

o\disorders,

teratogenic, may

be hazardous to

aquatic and soil

organisms.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector

Caramel

A concentrated

solution of heated

sugar or glucose. It

is used in

cosmetics as a

colour and in skin

lotions as a

soothing agent. In

1981, the US FDA

ruled caramel

generally

recognized as safe.

Carbitol

A humectant,

solvent used in

sunscreen, nail

enamel and

lacquers.

Hazardous at

concentrations

over 5%, more

toxic than

polyethylene

glycol. Compound

descriptor:

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant.

Carbomer 934, 940, 941, 960, 961, Used as a

980, 981 thickener and

stabilizer in

creams,

toothpaste, eye

makeup, bathing

products. It is a

known allergen

that has a high

acidic PH in 1%

water solution.

Synthetic

emulsifier that can

cause eye

irritations and

should be avoided.

Carboxymethyl cellulose

A stabiliser,

emulsifier used in

shampoos, hand

creams, shaving

creams, hair

grooming aids, ice-

cream, beverages,

laxatives. Toxicity

in cosmetics

unknown. Has

caused cancer and

tumours in some

animal tests.

Carmine

Natural red colour

comes from the

dried female

cochineal beetle. It

is sometimes used

to colour lip gloss,

lipsticks, and other

cosmetics, and it

can be irritating.

Carotenoids

Develops in plants

and in the bodies

of plant-eating

animals. They are

precursors to

vitamin A.

Carrot Oil

Rich in vitamins

and minerals, this

oil has many

antiseptic

properties.

Smoothes and

tones skin. Used

for skin conditions

such as dermatitis,

eczema, psoriasis

and rashes.

Castor oil

As a plasticiser in

lipsticks, bath oils,

shaving cream, nail

polish, face masks,

embalming fluid,

laxatives, lamp oil.

Can cause allergic

reactions,

ingestion can

cause pelvic

congestion and

induce abortion.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Primary Irritant.

Catechol

A modifier in hair

colouring, skin

care preparations.

Liver,

cardiovascular,

neuro and

immunotoxicity,

contact dermatitis,

teratogenic,

carcinogenic, toxic

to aquatic

organisms.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen

Reproductive

Effector.

Cationic surfactants

These chemicals

have a positive

electrical charge.

They contain a

quaternary

ammonium group

and are often

called "quats".

These are used in

hair conditioners,

but originated

from the paper

and fabric

industries as

softeners and anti-

static agents. In

the long run they

cause the hair to

become dry and

brittle. They are

synthetic,

irritating,

allergenic and

toxic, and oral

intake of them can

be lethal.

Stearalkonium

chloride

Benzalkonium

chloride

Cetrimonium

chloride

Cetalkonium

chloride

Lauryl dimonium

hydrolysed

collagen

See Quaternary

Ammonium

Compounds.

CA 24

Used as an

antimicrobial in

shampoos and

bath lotions at

concentrations of

up to .3%. Humans

have had allergic

reactions to a .1%

water solution of it

within 24, 48, or

72 hours of use.

CA 24 contains

70%

chloroacetamide

and 30% sodium

benzoate.

Caviar (Roe Extract)

Fish eggs high in

mineral and

vitamin content

(B1,2,6, as well as

A, E & D).

Promoted as

useful for

improving the

health and

appearance of

maturing skin.

Cell Renewal

The orderly

replacement of the

skin cells from the

basal layer to the

stratum corneum,

a process which

ordinarily takes

from 28 - 35 days

although this time

increases with age.

Cellulose

The fibre in the

cell walls of all

plants. Gum that is

made from it is

used as an

emulsifier,

stabilizer, and

binder in

cosmetics. There is

no known toxicity.

Inhaling the

powder during

manufacturing or

processing can be

harmful to the

lungs.

Ceramides

Epidermal

hydrating agent;

expensive due to

its scarcity.

Ceresin wax

A thickener,

antistatic agent

used in barrier

creams, hair

conditioner, cream

rouge, lipstick,

waxed paper and

cloth, dentistry.

Considered safe in

cosmetics, may

cause sensitisation

in some people.

Certified Colours A colour "certified"

by the TGA as safe.

However, various

colours (coal tar

dyes) have been

found to cause

cancer. But, hair

dyes are exempt

from even this

regulation.

Cetalkonium chloride

A preservative,

antibacterial used

in hair

conditioners,

deodorant

cosmetics,

antiperspirants.

Contact allergies,

dry/ brittle hair,

ingestion can be

fatal. See Cationic

surfactants.

Ceteareth-3, -6, -12, -20, -25, -30, - Used as an

33 emulsifier and

emollient in

cosmetics, suntan

products,

shampoo,

moisturisers, hair

conditioners. Dries

out the skin and

causes numerous

allergic reactions,

can be

contaminated with

carcinogens 1,4-

dioxane and

ethylene oxide.

Cetearyl Alcohol

May be natural or

artificial. An

emulsifier and

emollient for hair

tints, lipsticks,

shampoos, suntan

preparations. May

cause contact

dermatitis and

contact

sensitisation in

some people.

Cetearyl Glucoside

An emulsifier used

in hand and body

creams. See

Cetearyl alcohol.

May be GM.

Cetearyl Palmitate

An emollient used

in hand lotion.

May cause contact

dermatitis.

Ceteth-1, -2, -4, -6, -10, -20, -30

An emulsifier,

surfactant used in

hair products, skin

care preparations,

moisturisers,

detergents. May

be contaminated

with carcinogens

1,4dioxane and

ethylene oxide.

Cetrimonium bromide

A preservative

used in shampoo,

deodorant, skin

cleaning products.

Ingestion can be

fatal, can cause

skin and eye

irritation,

reproductive

effects,

teratogenic, toxic

to mice embryos.

Cetrimonium chloride

A preservative in

shampoo, hair

conditioner.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical, Drug,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant. See

Cationic

surfactants.

Cetyl Alcohol

Used as an

opacifier,

emollient,

emulsifier,

thickener, and

carrying agent for

other ingredients.

Found in baby

lotions, mascaras,

foundations,

deodorant,

antiperspirants,

shampoo,

laxatives. Can be

derived naturally,

as in coconut fatty

alcohol, or

synthetically. Is

not related to

isopropyl alcohol.

Not supposed to

be acne-forming.

Considered to

have a low risk

orally and on the

skin, may cause

hives and contact

dermatitis, skin

disorders.

Cetyl Lactate

Natural or

synthetic

compounds used

as emollients and

texturiser in

cosmetics,

pharmaceutical

preparations. No

known toxicity or

reactions.

Cetyl Myristate

Natural or

synthetic

compounds used

as emollients and

texturiser in

cosmetics. No

known toxicity,

may promote

acne in some

people.

Cetyl octanoate

Used in cosmetic

creams, lipsticks,

pesticides. See

cetyl alcohol.

Cetyl Palmitate

Natural or

synthetic

compounds used

as emollients and

texturiser in eye

shadow, skincare

preparations,

manufacture of

lubricants. Some

palmitates can

cause contact

dermatitis.

Cetyl ricinoleate

Natural or

synthetic

compounds used

as emollients and

texturiser in

tanning

preparations.

Considered safe,

may cause eye

irritation.

Cetyl Stearate

Natural or

synthetic

compounds used

as emollients and

texturiser as skin

conditioner in

cosmetics.

Chamomile Oil Known for its

calming effect.

Soothing and anti-

inflammatory for

the skin and the

spirit.

Chloroacetamide

A preservative

used in Cold

creams, mud

packs, shampoo,

cleansing lotions.

See acetamide,

Quaternary

Ammonium

compounds.

Chloramine-T

A preservative,

antiseptic in

mouth washes,

nail bleaches. Can

cause skin

irritation, allergic

reactions.

Chlorhexidine

A preservative,

topical antiseptic

in liquid cosmetics,

feminie hygiene

sprays, deodorant.

Can cause contact

dermatitis,

respiratory and

immunotoxicity,

has cause

anaphylactic

shock. Compound

descriptor:

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

Chloroacetamide

A preservative in

Cosmetics. Allergic

reactions, contact

dermatitis,

immunotoxicity.

Chlorobutanol

A preservative,

antioxidant in eye

lotions, baby oil.

Acute oral toxicity,

central nervous

system depression,

allergic reactions,

harmful if inhaled,

can be absorbed

into the skin.

Compound

descriptor: Drug,

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant

Chloroform

Neurotoxic.

Anaesthetic.

Carcinogenic. On

US EPA's

Hazardous Waste

list. Avoid contact

with eyes, skin,

clothing. Do not

breathe vapours.

Inhalation of

vapours may cause

headache, nausea,

vomiting,

dizziness,

drowsiness,

irritation of

respiratory tract

and loss of

consciousness.

Inhalation can be

fatal. Chronic

effects of

overexposure may

include kidney

and/or liver

damage. Medical

conditions

generally

aggravated by

exposure: kidney

disorders, liver

disorders, heart

disorders, skin

disorders.

p-Chloro-m-cresol

A preservative in

skincare, and

suntan cosmetic

products. Can

cause kidney

damage and

adrenal tumours in

male rats, unsafe

in cosmetics.

2-Chloro-p-phenylene-

diamine

An intermediate

used in hair dyes.

See

Phenylenediamine.

Chloromethylisothiazolinone Causes contact

dermatitis

Chlorothymol An oral care agent,

deodorant in

mouthwash, hair

tonic, baby oils,

topical

antibacterial

medication.

Combined with

chlorine can cause

mucous

membrane

irritation and skin

rashes, may be

absorbed by the

skin.

Chloroxylenol

A preservative,

antibacterial used

in brush-less

shaving creams,

shampoo,

deodorant,

germicides,

antifungal

preparations. Toxic

by ingestion, liver

and

immunotoxicity,

skin irritation, may

be absorbed by

the skin. MSDS:

Potential Acute

Health Effects:

Hazardous in case

of skin contact

(irritant), of eye

contact (irritant),

of ingestion.

Slightly hazardous

in case of skin

contact

(sensitiser), of

inhalation.

Choleth -10-24

An emulsifier used

in hand creams.

No known adverse

reactions

Chromium compounds A colourant in

green eye shadow,

greenish mascara.

Dust inhalation

can cause irritation

and ulceration,

lung cancer years

after exposure,

allergic reactions.

Ci (number) - colour index

A colourant used

in dyes. Many can

be harmful and

cause skin, eye

and mucous

membrane

irritation. See Azo

dyes. See coal tar.

Cinnamyl alcohol

A flavouring,

fragrance in

synthetic

perfumes,

deodorants, food

flavouring,

cigarettes. May

cause allergic

reactions

Cinoxate

A flavouring, UV

absorber in

sunscreens,

perfumes. Allergic

skin rashes,

photoallergic

reactions.

Citric Acid

Used as a

flavouring agent in

foods and

pharmaceuticals,

and as a

preservative

sequestering

agent. Foam-

stabilizer and pH-

adjuster in

cosmetics. It is

non-toxic.

Citronella oil

A flavouring,

fragrance in soaps,

cosmetics,

perfumes, insect

repellent, food

flavouring.

Extracted from

fresh grass.

Asthma, skin rash,

hay fever stuffy

nose.

b-Citronellol

Cosmetics and

Toiletries.

Moderate reaction

in the eye and skin

tests. Details of

toxic effects not

reported other

than lethal dose

value for animals.

Dangerous for the

environment.

Clover Blossom Extract

Soothes and

conditions the

skin.

Coal Tar

A topical anti-

eczematic. Coal is

a mineral of

organic origin,

formed from the

remains of

vegetation which

over millions of

years has changed

to coal. From early

times, people

relied on the

strength of the sun

and the use of coal

tar as their only

form of treatment

for psoriasis.

Found in

shampoos, hair

dyes, facial

cosmetics,

vitamin enriched

creams, powder

blush containing

sesame oil,

lipsticks, hand &

body lotions,

toothpastes,

adhesives,

insecticides,

creosotes,

phenols. Many

kinds of shampoo

designed to treat

dandruff & flaky

scalp contain it.

Disguised with

names FD, FDC

or FD&C colour.

Coal tar causes

potentially severe

allergic reactions,

asthma attacks,

fatigue,

nervousness,

headaches,

nausea, lack of

concentration,

and Overt

Carcinogen.

Associated with

birth defects.

Blue 1, Green 3,

etc

Cocamide DEA, MEA, and MIPA

A thickener and

foam booster in

cleansers, body

washes,

shampoos.

Nitrosamines can

form in all

cosmetic

ingredients

containing amines

and amino

derivatives with

nitrogen

compounds. When

DEA is applied to

skin known

carcinogens can

form. See

Alkyloamides.

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Artificial substance

frequently

referred to as a

natural substance

made "from

coconuts" on the

labels of

shampoos, body

washes, liquid

hand soaps and

other personal

cleansers. It's a

secondary

surfactant, used in

combination with

other, stronger

surfactants.

Known to cause

occupational

allergic dermatitis

in hairdressers. A

potential allergen.

Not as toxic as SLS

or SLES. MSDS:

Can cause eye and

skin irritation

Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine

An antistatic agent

in hair

conditioners.

Contact allergies,

contact dermatitis

in some people.

Cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine

A surfactant,

thickener used in

shampoo, hair and

skin creams. May

cause allergic skin

rash, may contain

nitrosamines.

Cocoa butter An emollient,

emulsifier in soap,

eyelash cream,

rouge, nail

whitener, lipstick,

sweet sauces,

confectionary,

suppositories.

Soften and

lubricates the skin,

may cause allergic

skin reactions and

cosmetic acne.

Coco-betaine

A surfactant in

shampoo, face and

hand gel. May

cause skin rash in

sensitive people.

Coco-polyglucose

A surfactant in

cosmetics. May

cause skin

irritation in

sensitive people.

Coconut acids, oils and alcohols

A surfactant,

emollient solvent

in shampoo, baby

soaps, massage

cream, margarine,

chocolate,

cigarettes. May

alleviate dry skin,

may cause allergic

skin rashes, eye

and skin irritation.

Cocoyl Sarcosine See Nitrosating

agents

Cod Liver Oil

A rich source of

vitamins A and D.

When vitamin A

deficiency occurs

the most

outstanding

symptom is dry,

scaly skin,

particularly on the

hands and soles of

the feet.

Collagen

70% of the body's

connective tissue

in the dermis is

made of collagen.

Gerontologists

have discovered

that is where the

aging process of

the skin takes

place. Young

connective tissue

is made up of

soluble collagen

whose molecules

are disordered in

relation to each

other. As the skin

ages, and is

exposed to

sunlight, chemicals

(like makeup, coal

tar dyes, etc., and

various foods), the

soluble collagen

becomes "cross-

linked," so the

molecules are no

longer displaced in

relation to each

other. Cross-

linking makes the

collagen insoluble

and inflexible. As

this happens, the

connective tissues

becomes strained,

dry, wrinkled, and

worn.

Cologne Fragrance applied

to the skin, usually

with a floral or

citrus base.

Originally named

after a town in

Germany, it

usually contains an

alcohol content

higher than that of

perfume.

Fragrance

concentration of 2-

5%.

Cologne (Men)

The most

concentrated form

of fragrance for

men. A blend of

ingredients which

can include

alcohol, essential

oils and natural or

man-made scents

combined for a

unique fragrance

experience.

Comfrey

A plant that

produces

Allentoin, an

ingredient that

promotes skin

healing. This

extract is anti-

inflammatory,

astringent and

emollient.

Corn flour

An absorbent used

in baby powder,

face and bath

powders. Used as

a safer alternative

to talc, when moist

it can promote

fungal and

bacterial growth.

Cornflower

Cornflower can be

used for cuts,

scrapes, skin

eruptions, acne,

and bruising of the

skin. Herbalists use

Cornflower as a

remedy for

conjunctivitis, eye

swelling, puffiness,

and pain related to

the eye area. The

petals are taken as

a bitter tonic and

an appetite

stimulant, and for

supporting liver

function. It is

thought by some

that the petals of

the Cornflower

help improve

resistance to

infection. The

seeds are used as

a mild laxative for

children. The

leaves can be used

in decoctions for

rheumatic

complaints and as

a hair rinse to

treat scalp

eczema. A douche

is used to treat

vaginal candida

infections.

Corn oil

An emollient in

cosmetic creams,

toothpaste. May

cause allergic skin

reaction in some

people.

Corn starch A dusting powder

and used in

demulcent

medication. May

be GM. May cause

allergic reactions,

skin rashes,

asthma. See corn

flour.

Coumarins

A fragrance,

additive in acne

preparations,

soap, deodorant,

hair dye, shampoo,

sunscreen,

perfume. Allergic

contact dermatitis,

toxic by ingestion,

photosensitivity,

carcinogenic,

teratogenic. On

NIH hazards list.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Reproductive

Effector.

p-Cresol

A preserving,

flavouring in

mouthwashes,

cosmetics,

synthetic nut an

vanilla flavouring.

Can cause skin

burns, dermatitis,

respiratory failure,

blood, endocrine,

kidney, liver and

neurotoxicity, less

toxic than phenol,

toxic to aquatic

organisms.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic, Drug,

Mutagen, Natural

Product, Primary

Irritant

Crystalline silica

An abrasive used

in blusher, lip

pencils, facial

powder, "kitty"

litter, cleansers,

paints. Eye skin

and lung irritation

when used in dry

form,

carcinogenic.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen

Crystallins

A biological

derivative used in

hair and skin care

products. No know

side effects in

cosmetic use.

Cucumber

Has soothing

effects on the skin

and improves

moisture

retention.

Cyclic Acid

A new term for

Hyaluronic Acid: a

strong hydrating

complex holds

1000 times the

water in skin.

Cyclohexylamine

An additive, buffer

used in Hairsprays.

Cardiovascular,

respiratory,

reproductive,

immuno and

neurotoxicity, skin

burns. Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Tumorigenic,

Mutagen,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

Cyclomethicone

Used in hair

conditioner,

lipsticks,

deodorants, skin

fresheners,

waterproofing

lubricants.

Emollient skin

conditioning agent

derived from silica.

Water repellent,

skin-adherent and

stable over a wide

range of

temperatures. See

Silicone derived

emollients. No

known toxicity, but

coats the skin

which may inhibit

proper

functioning.

20060608

Cosmetic Ingredients

Reference Guide &

Dictionary Understanding Labels, Descriptions,

Warnings, and Safety

Home Page

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Name Information

D

Dandruff

A chronic non-

inflammatory

scaling of the scalp.

The absence of

inflammation sets

dandruff apart from

other scaling

conditions of the

scalp, namely,

psoriasis and

seborrheic

dermatitis. Dandruff

can be confused

with dry scalp. Dry

scalp is caused by

drying conditions.

Wind, indoor heat,

sap moisture from

the scalp, causing

flaking. Dandruff is

the result of

accelerated cell

turnover and people

with oily scalps tend

to suffer most from

dandruff. The

dandruff test: brush

or shake hair over

dark paper. If you

see powdery flakes,

it's dry scalp. If you

see clumps, you may

have dandruff.

D&C (number)

This abbreviation

preceding the name

of a colour means

that the US FDA has

certified it as safe

for use in drugs and

cosmetics, but not

in food. D&C means

that the colour can

only be used

externally and not

around the eyes or

inside the mouth.

D&C colours are

usually man-made.

Most can cause

health effects

including skin rash,

allergic reactions,

asthma. Se Azo

dyes.

Dantoin 685

A preservative used

in shampoos and

deodorants.

Contains

formaldehyde and

N-acetal. Highly

toxic. Also listed as

DMDM hydantoin.

DEA

A solvent,

emulsifier. See

Diethanolamine.

DEA cetyl phosphate

A surfactant. May

contain DEA. See

Diethanolamine.

DEA cocamide A surfactant. See

Cocamide DEA

DEA laureth sulphate

A surfactant used in

cosmetics, liquid

soaps, shampoos,

hair conditioners.

See Diethanolamine.

See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

DEA lauryl sulphate

A surfactant used in

cosmetics, liquid

soaps, shampoos,

hair conditioners.

See Diethanolamine.

See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Decyl alcohol An anti-foamer,

fixative used in

cosmetics,

perfumes, fruit

flavouring in foods.

Made from liquid

paraffin. Low

toxicity on the skin

in animal testing.

Compound

descriptor:

Agricultural

Chemical,

Tumorigenic,

Reproductive

Effector, Natural

Product, Primary

Irritant

Decyl myristate An emollient

Decyl oleate

An emollient,

emulsifier in hand

creams, suntan

products. May

promote acne in

some people, safety

under review.

Decyl polyglucose

A surfactant in

cosmetics. May

cause skin irritation

in sensitive people.

DEET

Found in insect

repellents. May

cause neurological

problems,

particularly in

children, in

excessive or

prolonged use. A

skin and eye irritant

Deodorant

A product that

reduces perspiration

odour. There are

natural deodorants

containing herbs like

marigold and

vitamin E.

Deodorants do not

stop perspiration.

Dehydration

Loss of

water/moisture

from the body or

skin.

Depilatories

Destroy hair by

breaking the

chemical bonds that

hold it together.

After using any hair

removal method, a

moisturizer should

be applied to soothe

the skin.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the

skin covering a wide

variety of skin

disorders and

evidenced by

itching, redness and

various skin lesions.

Can be due to one

of several causes -

systemic disease,

skin irritants such as

poison ivy,

corrosives, acids and

alkalies or

hypersensitivity.

Dermis

The second or

middle layer of skin.

contains the blood

vessels, elastin and

collagen, etc.

Detergent

These artificial

soaps may be made

with a variety of

chemicals and are

frequently not

biodegradable.

Dexpanthenol

A anti-inflammatory.

See Panthenol.

Compound

descriptor: Drug,

Primary Irritant.

2,4-Diaminoanisole

A hair dye. Allergic

contact dermatitis,

mutagenic,

carcinogenic.

MSDS: Can affect

you when breathed

in. Should be

handled as a

CARCINOGEN--

WITH EXTREME

CAUTION.

Contact can irritate

the skin and eyes.

High exposure

may cause

tremors, weakness,

increased saliva,

difficulty

breathing, and

diarrhoea.

Repeated exposure

may damage the

liver and affect the

thyroid.

2,4-Diaminophenol A hair dye. See

Phenylenediamine

Diazolidinyl urea

Established as a

primary cause of

contact dermatitis

(American

Academy of

Dermatology).

Contains

formaldehyde, a

carcinogenic

chemical, is toxic

by inhalation, a

strong skin irritant

and sensitiser & a

suspected human

carcinogen (known

rodent

carcinogen).

See

Formaldehyde

From Material

Safety Data

Sheet (MSDS):

Causes severe

eye irritation. May

cause skin

irritation.

Signs and symptoms of Exposure: Symptoms of Inhalation: If misted, will cause irritation of mucous membranes, nose, eyes, throat. Coughing,

difficulty in breathing. Symptoms of Skin Contact: Contact causes smarting and burning sensations, inflammation, burns, painful blisters. Profound damage to skin tissue.

Dibehenyldimonium chloride

See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Dibenzothiophene

An additive to

antidandruff

shampoos, acne

products, psycho-

pharmaceutical

products. Central

nervous system

disorders, blood

pressure problems,

blood

disorders. Banned in

Italy in cosmetics.

Dibenzoylmethanes

A UV absorber in

sunscreens.

Photoallergy,

contact allergy.

Dibromofluresein

A colourant in

indelible lipsticks.

Sensitivity to light,

skin rash, skin and

eye inflammation,

respiratory and

gastrointestinal

symptoms.

Dibromosalan An antiseptic,

fungicide in toilet

soaps, creams,

lotions, powders,

detergents. Light

sensitivity resulting

in skin rash and

swelling.

Dibucaine

A local anaesthetic

in wax depilatories.

Highly toxic to rats

when injected into

the abdomen

Dibutyl oxalate

A chelating agent in

products restricted

to professional use.

Oxalates are toxic.

MSDS: Potential

Health Effects

Eye: May cause

eye irritation.

Skin: Harmful if

absorbed through

the skin.

Ingestion: May

cause irritation of

the digestive tract.

May be harmful if

swallowed.

Inhalation:

Harmful if inhaled.

Dibutyl phthalate

A film former in

perfume, nail polish,

deodorant,

antiperspirant,

insect repellent.

Banned in nail polish

in the EU.

MSDS: Very toxic

to aquatic

organisms. May

cause harm to the

unborn child.

Possible risk of

impaired fertility.

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: May cause

eye irritation.

Causes redness

and pain.

Skin: May cause

skin irritation.

Causes redness

and pain. May be

harmful if

absorbed through

the skin.

Ingestion: May

cause irritation of

the digestive tract.

May be harmful if

swallowed.

Inhalation: May

cause respiratory

tract irritation.

May be harmful if

inhaled.

Chronic:

Prolonged or

repeated exposure

may cause nausea,

dizziness, and

headache.

Dicetyldimonium chloride See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Dichloromethane - methylene

chloride

A solvent. See

Methylene Chloride.

MSDS:

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: Contact with

eyes may cause

severe irritation,

and possible eye

burns.

Skin: Exposure

may cause

irritation and

possible burns.

May be absorbed

through the skin.

Ingestion: Causes

gastrointestinal

irritation with

nausea, vomiting

and diarrhoea.

May cause central

nervous system

depression,

characterized by

excitement,

followed by

headache,

dizziness,

drowsiness, and

nausea. Advanced

stages may cause

collapse,

unconsciousness,

coma and possible

death due to

respiratory failure.

Inhalation:

Inhalation of high

concentrations

may cause central

nervous system

effects

characterized by

nausea, headache,

dizziness,

unconsciousness

and coma. Causes

respiratory tract

irritation.

Chronic:

Prolonged or

repeated skin

contact may cause

dermatitis.

Dichlorophene

An anti-microbial in

shampoo,

antiperspirant,

deodorant.

Dicocodimonium chloride

A surfactant. See

Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Dicyclohexyl sodium

sulphosuccinate

A surfactant. See

Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Didecyldimonium chloride A surfactant. See

Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Diethanolamidooleamide DEA

A surfactant. See

Quaternary

ammonium

compounds. See

DEA

Diethanolamine - DEA

A solvent, buffer.

More commonly

known by its

abbreviation, DEA.

One of many

artificial detergents.

It may be

contaminated with

nitrosamines and

should be avoided.

Often used in

cosmetics to adjust

the pH, and used

with many fatty

acids to convert acid

to salt (stearate),

which then becomes

the base for a

cleanser. These

chemicals are

already restricted in

Europe due to

known carcinogenic

effects.

MSDS: Harmful if

swallowed.

Irritating to skin.

Risk of serious

damage to eyes.

Harmful : danger

of serious damage

to health by

prolonged

exposure if

swallowed.

Hygroscopic

(absorbs moisture

from the air).

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: Causes

severe eye

irritation. May

cause

inflammation of

the cornea and iris.

Skin: May cause

skin irritation.

May be absorbed

through the skin.

Ingestion: Causes

gastrointestinal

irritation with

nausea, vomiting

and diarrhoea.

May be harmful if

swallowed.

Inhalation:

Causes respiratory

tract irritation.

May cause lung

damage.

Chronic: May

cause liver and

kidney damage.

May cause

reproductive and

foetal effects.

Diethylene glycol

A humectant,

solvent in cosmetic

creams, hairsprays,

paracetamol elixirs.

MSDS: Harmful if

swallowed.

Hygroscopic

(absorbs moisture

from the air).

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: May cause

mild eye irritation.

Skin: May cause

mild skin

irritation. May be

absorbed through

the skin.

Ingestion: May

cause liver and

kidney damage.

May cause central

nervous system

depression,

characterized by

excitement,

followed by

headache,

dizziness,

drowsiness, and

nausea. Advanced

stages may cause

collapse,

unconsciousness,

coma and possible

death due to

respiratory failure.

Human fatalities

have been reported

from acute

poisoning.

Inhalation: May

cause respiratory

tract irritation.

May be harmful if

inhaled. Inhalation

of heated or misted

form may cause

pulmonary

oedema.

Chronic: Adverse

reproductive

effects have been

reported in

animals. A long

term rat feeding

study showed that

1% diethylene

glycol in the diet

over a 2-year

period resulted in

slight growth

depression, a few

calcium oxalate

phenybladder

stones, minimal

kidney damage,

and occasional

liver damage. At

4% dietary level,

there was

increased

mortality, a

marked depression

of growth rate,

bladder stones,

severe kidney

damage, and

moderate liver

damage. In

addition, bladder

tumours appeared

rather frequently.

Diethyl phthalate

A solvent, fixative,

denaturant in

perfumes, nail

polish, insect

repellent. Central

nervous system

depression, mucous

membrane,

irritation, skin liver,

endocrine,

respiratory and

neurotoxicity,

teratogenic, may me

hazardous to the

environment.

Dihexyl adipate An emollient,

solvent used in

moisturisers, skin

care products,

makeup. Adipic acid

has no known

human toxicity,

large oral doses to

rats are lethal to

rats.

Dihydroxyacetone

A colouring,

humectant in

artificial tanning

preparations.

Allergic contact

dermatitis, lethal in

rats when injected.

Diisopropanolamine

An acid-alkali

adjuster used in hair

dyes, permanent

waves, tonics, hair

grooming aids,

corrosion inhibitor.

On NIH hazards list.

Can combine with

nitrosating agents to

form nitrosamines.

MSDS: Irritating

to eyes.

Hygroscopic

(absorbs moisture

from the air).

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: Causes eye

irritation. Causes

redness and pain.

Skin: Causes mild

skin irritation.

Causes redness

and pain.

Ingestion:

Expected to be a

low ingestion

hazard. May cause

nausea and

vomiting.

Inhalation: May

cause respiratory

tract irritation.

Inhalation may be

fatal as a result of

spasm,

inflammation,

oedema of the

larynx and

bronchi, chemical

pneumonitis and

pulmonary

oedema.

Dimethicone

An antifoaming

agent, emollient,

giving a smooth feel

to a cosmetic cream

or lotion. Various

allergic reactions

and internal

problems make

them questionable

as cosmetic

ingredients.

Although they're

still widely used,

they should be

avoided. Many

herbal oils, such as

vegetable glycerine,

can easily replace

this chemical. See

Silicone derived

emollients.

Dimethicone Copolyol See Silicone derived

emollients

Dimethyl phthalate

A film former,

solvent in musk,

calamine lotion,

insect repellent,

insecticides.

Phthalate linked

with testicular

cancer and cell

mutations,

neurotoxicity,

teratogenic, can be

absorbed through

the skin.

MSDS: Irritating

to eyes and

respiratory system.

Potential Health

Effects The toxicological

properties of this

material have not

been investigated.

Use appropriate

procedures to

prevent

opportunities for

direct contact with

the skin or eyes

and to prevent

inhalation.

Dioctyl phthalate

A flim former,

solvent in perfumes,

ail enamels,

pesticides.

Phthalate linked

with testicular

cancer and cell

mutations, central

nervous system

depression,

teratogenic,

bioaccumulation

may occur in

seafood.

MSDS: May

impair fertility.

May cause harm to

the unborn child.

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: May cause

eye irritation.

Causes redness

and pain.

Skin: May cause

skin irritation.

Causes redness

and pain. May be

harmful if

absorbed through

the skin.

Ingestion: May

cause irritation of

the digestive tract.

May be harmful if

swallowed. May

cause central

nervous system

depression.

Inhalation: May

cause respiratory

tract irritation.

May be harmful if

inhaled.

Chronic:

Prolonged or

repeated exposure

may cause nausea,

dizziness, and

headache.

Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

A surfactant used in

hair styling

products.

Considered safe as

presently used in

cosmetics.

Dioform

Many tooth pastes

and other tooth

whiteners contain it.

Damages your teeth

enamel weakening

their protective

shell.

Dioxins

A potentially

carcinogenic by-

product that results

from the process

used to bleach

paper at paper mills.

Dioxin-treated

containers

sometimes transfer

dioxins to the

product itself. (see

Sodium Laureth

Sulfate). According

to Dr. Epstein, "The

Health Protection

Branch of Canada

has reported dioxin

levels in the parts

per trillion range in

several samples of

milk and cream

packaged in

bleached milk

cartons

manufactured in the

United States.

Dioxin has migrated

from the cartons to

the milk. Very likely

U.S. milk products

are similarly

contaminated with

dioxin. Dioxin's

carcinogenicity is up

to 500,000 times

more potent than

that of DDT."

http://www.chej.org

Disodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate See Anionic

surfactants

Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate

See Anionic

surfactants

See Ethoxylated

surfactants

Disodium Oleamide

Sulfosuccinate

See Anionic

Surfactants

1,4-Dioxane

A carcinogenic

contaminant of

cosmetic products.

Almost 50% of

cosmetics

containing

ethoxylated

surfactants were

found to contain

dioxane. See

Ethoxylated

surfactants

From Material

Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS):

1,4-Dioxane may

exert its effects

through inhalation,

skin absorption and

ingestion.

1,4-Dioxane is listed

as a carcinogenic.

Effects of

Overexposure:

1,4-Dioxane is an

eye and mucous

membrane irritant,

primary skin

irritant, central

nervous system

depressant,

nephrotoxin and

heptatoxin. Acute

exposure can cause

irritation,

headache,

dizziness and

narcosis. Chronic

inhalation

exposure can

produce damage to

the liver and

kidneys, and blood

disorders.

Medical condition

aggravated by

exposure. Preclude

from exposure

those individuals

with disease of the

blood, liver,

kidneys, nervous

system, and those

susceptible to

dermatitis.

Dioxin

A contaminate

which may be

present in

processed foods,

chlorine bleach

paper, plastic lined

cartons and cans,

newsprint,

pesticides, released

when plastic is

burnt.

Diphenyl methane

A fragrance in

perfumed soaps.

Local skin irritation,

reaction to sunlight

(prickling, swelling,

pigmentation).

MSDS: Potential

Health Effects

The toxicological

properties of this

material have not

been investigated.

Use appropriate

procedures to

prevent

opportunities for

direct contact with

the skin or eyes

and to prevent

inhalation.

Diphenyl oxide

A chelating agent in

perfumery,

perfumed soaps.

Vapour toxic if

inhaled.

MSDS: Irritating

to eyes, respiratory

system and skin.

Toxic to aquatic

organisms, may

cause long-term

adverse effects in

the aquatic

environment.

Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate

A surfactant in

shampoo, body

wash, bubble bath,

household

detergent. May be

contaminated with

carcinogenic

nitrosamines.

Disodium oleamide

sulfosuccinate

A surfactant in

shampoo, body

wash, bubble bath,

household

detergent. May be

contaminated with

carcinogenic

nitrosamines.

Distearyldimonium chloride

An antistatic agent.

See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

DMAE

An emollient,

firming agent in skin

toners, face and eye

cream, "anti-aging"

creams, oral

supplements.

Supplemental DMAE

is considered to

have beneficial

effects on health.

DMDM Hydantoin

Found as a

preservative in

many cosmetics,

shampoo, mascara,

cream conditioners..

Can be a skin and

eye irritant, allergic

reactions,

dermatitis, may

release

formaldehyde.

See Dantoin 685.

See Formaldehyde

Dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid

A surfactant in

shampoo,

detergent. Skin

irritation and

sensitisation,

vomiting if ingested,

toxic to aquatic

organisms.

Dodecylbenzene trimonium

chloride

A surfactant. See

Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Dodecylhexadecyltrimonium

chloride

An antistatic agent.

See Quaternary

ammonium

compounds.

Dried egg yolk

A colouring protein

in cosmetics, root

beer, soups, coffee.

Allergic reaction

may include hives,

eczema, anaphylaxis

Drometrizole

A solvent, UV

absorber in nail

polish, cosmetics.

Determined not to

be safe in cosmetics

use by US CIR Expert

panel. See Benzene.

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"Medical school is medicult school."

Name Information

E

Eau de Parfum

Women’s fragrance with a

lighter scent concentration

than perfume (8 to 15%).

Can be used in a spray

application.

Eau de Toilette See Toilet Water

Eczema

Acute or chronic weeping,

crusting and inflammatory

skin conditions. Eczema is

more the description of a

symptom than of a

disease. The word has

become synonymous with

dermatitis.

EDC Eau de Cologne. See

Cologne

EDP See Eau de Parfum

EDT See Toilet Water

EDTA An artificial chemical that

is used as an antioxidant

and as a "complexing"

agent in shampoos, which

means that it binds

metallic irons so that the

surfactants can work more

effectively. Potential for

causing contact dermatitis.

See Ethylene Diamine

Tetraacetic Acid

Elastin

A biological additive fibre

within the dermis similar

to collagen, gives support

and “snap?to the skin. In

topical's, it cannot

penetrate the skin, but is

great for protecting against

moisture loss, but may

inhibit skin function. Found

in shampoo, hair

conditioner, skin creams

and lotions.

Elder Flowers

Elder flower has been used

for generations to keep

complexion soft. It both

tones and protects the

skin.

Ellagic Acid

This naturally occurring

ingredient helps to inhibit

the formation of sun and

age spots.

Emollients

Prevent water loss and

have a softening and

soothing effect on the skin.

They can be natural, like

almond oil, or

manufactured, like mineral

oil.

Emulsion

A stable combination of oil

and water phases

accomplished with the use

of surfactants.

Emu oil

A biological additive in

hand cream, cosmetics.

Reported to have

beneficial effects.

Endocrine (hormonal)

Disruptors

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Benzophenone-3 (Bp-3)

Butyl Benzyl Phthalate

Butylated Hydroxyanisole

(BHA)

Butyl-

methoxydibenzoylmethane

(B-MDM)

Dibutyl Phthalate

Diethyl Phthalate

Homosalate (HMS)

Methyl-benzylidene

Camphor (4-MBC)

Nitro Musks

Octyl-dimethyl-PABA (OD-

PABA)

Octyl-methoxycinnamate

(OMC)

Paraben's

Polycyclic Musks

Resorcinol

Epidermis The outer layer of skin.

EPO - Evening primrose oil See evening primrose oil

Essential Fatty Acids

Sometimes known as

vitamin F, these

substances can't be

manufactured by the body

and must be consumed in

the diet. There are three

types: linoleic, linolenic

and arachidonic. The

primary fatty acids fulfil

many functions in our

bodies. They lubricate, aid

in the transportation of

oxygen to the cells, and

help thicken the blood.

Essential Oils

Oily liquids obtained from

plants. Complex mixtures

of alcohols, ketones,

phenols, acids, ethers,

aldehydes, esters, oxides,

and sulphur compounds

(among others). They're

also called volatile oils,

ethereal oils, essences, or

absolutes.

Ethanol (or ethyl alcohol)

Colourless, vaporizable

liquid. Has a burning taste.

Well-known to most of us

as the active ingredient in

alcoholic beverages.

Commonly called simply

"alcohol," although there

are many other kinds of

alcohols. Ethanol is widely

used in cosmetics as a

solvent and as an

antibacterial agent. As a

preservative, it's effective

at concentrations of 15%

to 20%. It's an antitoxin in

concentrations of 60% to

70%, with a bactericidal

effect within 45 seconds.

It's also used in acne

treatments and in rinses

for oily hair. Ethanol

absorbs water and thus

can be very drying in fast-

drying skin lotions (at

concentrations of 15%);

the lotions need to include

glycerols and vegetable

oils to minimize the drying

effect. Provokes a late

allergic reaction in some

people when used

topically. Taken orally,

ethanol is toxic in doses

above 80g. Ethanol is often

purposely made poisonous

by the addition of

methanol and it is then

known as SDA (specially

denatured alcohol).

Ethanolamines (mono, di,

tri)

A preservative, emulsifier

in hair dye, cold

permanent-wave lotions,

soap.

MSDS: Irritating to eyes,

respiratory system and

skin. Harmful by

inhalation.

Potential Health Effects The toxicological

properties of this

material have not been

investigated. Use

appropriate procedures

to prevent opportunities

for direct contact with

the skin or eyes and to

prevent inhalation.

Ethers Used as a solvent. A mild

skin irritant. Inhalation or

ingestion causes central

nervous system

depression.

Ethoxyethanol

A solvent in cosmetics, nail

enamel, shampoo.

Flammable. Harmful by

inhalation, in contact with

skin and if swallowed.

Irritating to respiratory

system. Central nervous

system depression,

developmental,

reproductive and

neurotoxicity, can

penetrate the skin.

Ethoxyethanol acetate

2-Ethoxyethanol acetate

A solvent in nail polish.

Toxic, but less than

ethoxyethanol.

2-Ethoxyethyl-p-

cinnamate

A UV absorber. See

Cinoxate.

4-Ethoxy-m-phenylene-

diamine sulphate

A hair dye. See

Phenylenediamine.

Ethoxylated Alcohols May contain carcinogenic

contaminates

Ethoxylated surfactants

Ethoxylated surfactants

are widely used in

cosmetics as foaming

agents, emulsifiers and

humectants. As part of the

manufacturing process the

toxic chemical 1,4-dioxane,

a potent carcinogen, is

generated.

On the label, they are

identified by the prefix

"PEG", "polyethylene",

"polyethylene glycol",

"polyoxyethylene", "-eth-",

or "-oxynol-".

See 1,4-Dioxane

Ethyl Acetate

A solvent, flavouring

compound made from

acetic acid and ethyl

alcohol, used in after

shave, cologne, perfume,

shampoo, nail colour, nail

enamel remover, fabric

softener, dishwashing

liquid. May irritate skin.

Narcotic. On US EPA

Hazardous Waste list;

irritating to the eyes and

respiratory tract, may

cause headache and

narcosis (stupor), defatting

effect on skin and may

cause drying and cracking,

may cause anaemia with

leukocytosis and damage

to liver and kidneys. Wash

thoroughly after handling.

Ethyl alcohol A solvent. See ethanol.

Ethylenediamine

A solvent, pH control in

thigh creams, cosmetics,

metal polish, pesticides.

Toxic if inhaled or

absorbed by the skin,

severe eye and skin

irritation, asthma, contact

dermatitis, sensitisation,

harmful to aquatic

organisms.

MSDS: Flammable.

Harmful in contact with

skin and if swallowed.

Causes burns. May cause

sensitisation by

inhalation and skin

contact. Corrosive. The

toxicological properties

of this material have not

been fully investigated.

Ethylenediamide A sequestrant,

tetraacetic acid

EDTA

preservative, chelating

agent in hair dyes, shower

gel, shampoo, bar soap,

face and hand gels, oral

supplements, carbonated

beverages, dishwashing

liquid, pesticides. Reported

to have health benefits

when used in chelated

therapy, adverse affects

include asthma, skin and

mucous membrane

irritation, kidney damage,

teratogenic. On NIH hazard

list. Harmful to aquatic

organisms.

Ethylene glycol

A solvent in perfume,

liquid soap, cosmetics,

insect repellent,

antifreeze, car wax, shoe

products. Central nervous

system depressant,

immuno, liver, respiratory,

gastrointestinal and kidney

toxicity, contact dermatitis.

Ethylene oxide

A humectant in cosmetics,

shampoo, fumigant used

on ground spices and other

processed natural

seasonings. Liver,

gastrointestinal, neuro,

respiratory and kidney

toxicity, headache,

vomiting, spontaneous

abortion, teratogenic,

mutagenic, carcinogenic.

MSDS (extract from

Shell Chemicals): Toxic

by inhalation. Irritating

to eyes, respiratory

system and skin.

Vapours may cause

drowsiness and

dizziness. May dull the

sense of smell and has a

high odour threshold, so

do not rely on odour as

an indication of hazard.

Exposure to rapidly

expanding gases may

cause frost burns to eyes

and/or skin. Irritating to

skin. Liquid solutions of

ethylene oxide cause

serious chemical burns

of the skin and eye

lesions. The severity of

injury will vary

depending on the

concentration and

duration of skin contact.

Concentrations of around

50% are the most

dangerous, however a

1% solution of EO in

water and gaseous EO

dissolved in sweat can

also cause damage to the

skin. The onset of effects

may be delayed for

several hours.

Causes burns.

Possibility of organ or

organ system damage

from prolonged

exposure. Target organ

(s): Peripheral nervous

system.

Causes serious nerve

damage by prolonged

exposure resulting in

sensory loss. May cause

cancer. May cause

heritable genetic

damage.

Ethyl ester of PVM/PA

copolymer

A film former in hair

setting preparations.

Considered safe as

currently used in

cosmetics.

Ethyl methacrylate A thickening agent used in

nail polish, artificial nails.

Skin irritation, allergic

reactions, neurotoxicity,

allergic contact dermatitis,

teratogenic

Ethyl myristate

An emollient, flavouring in

cosmetics, foods,

cigarettes. Considered

safe. Can promote acne.

Ethyl palmitate

An emollient, flavouring in

cosmetics, foods,

cigarettes. Considered

safe. can cause contact

dermatitis.

Ethylparaben

ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate

A preservative used in

cosmetics, makeup,

shampoo, deodorant.

Allergic reactions, skin

irritation, contact

dermatitis, moderate

potential for bio-

accumulation. See

Paraben's.

Ethyl salicylate

A flavouring used in

perfumes, foods,

cigarettes. Allergic

reactions especially in

people allergic to

salicylates.

MSDS:

Potential Health Effects:

The toxicological

properties of this

material have not been

investigated. Use

appropriate procedures

to prevent opportunities

for direct contact with

the skin or eyes and to

prevent inhalation.

Ethyl thioglycolate

A depilatory agent.

MSDS:

Potential Health Effects

Eye: Causes eye

irritation.

Skin: Causes skin

irritation. May be

harmful if absorbed

through the skin.

Ingestion: May cause

irritation of the digestive

tract. Toxic if

swallowed.

Inhalation: May cause

respiratory tract

irritation. May be

harmful if inhaled.

Eucalyptus Extract/ Oil

Stimulating and antiseptic

oil. Aids in the formation of

healthy skin tissue. Very

healing.

Eugenol

A additive, fixative in

perfumes, dentifrices,

foods. Allergic reactions,

vomiting and gastric

irritation, large oral doses

(1 tsp) can be fatal.

MSDS:

Potential Health Effects

Eye: May cause eye

irritation.

Skin: Causes skin

irritation.

Ingestion: Harmful if

swallowed.

Inhalation: May cause

respiratory tract

irritation. The

toxicological properties

of this substance have

not been fully

investigated.

Euxyl K-400

This is one of the newer,

more modern

preservatives used in skin

creams. There are

increasing reports from

physicians regarding

patients who are sensitive

to it, and physicians are

being encouraged to test it

with their patients for

allergic contact dermatitis.

Data are sufficient for

classification as a

hazardous substance with

respect to Sensitisation by

Skin Contact according to

the NOHSC Approved

Criteria for Classifying

Hazardous Substances

(1999). A concentration

cut-off of ≥ 1% is

recommended.

Evening Primrose Oil

A tonic used in cosmetics.

Believed to have beneficial

health effects.

Exfoliant

A product used to shed the

superficial cells of the

outer layer of skin.

Exfoliate/Exfoliant To remove the outermost

layer of dead skin cells

with a scrub or cleanser.

Ext. D&C

When followed by a

colour, means that the US

FDA has certified it as safe

for use only in drugs and in

cosmetics used externally

and not around the eyes or

inside the mouth. It is not

safe for foods.

20060608

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are you just trying to kill me??- Jock Doubleday

Name Information

F

Farnesol

An additive, flavouring in

perfumery, foods, cigarettes.

Considered safe in current

use, mildly toxic by ingestion,

caused mutations in

laboratory animals.

MSDS:

Potential Health Effects

Eye: May cause eye

irritation.

Skin: May cause skin

irritation.

Ingestion: Expected to be

a low ingestion hazard.

Inhalation: May cause

respiratory tract irritation.

Fats

Acquired from animal fat, oil

seeds, or fruit pulp. They are

used as lotion or salve in

cosmetics. They can be solid,

semisolid, or liquid.

Fatty Acids

Organic oils found in

vegetable and animal fats.

Excellent skin emollients and

an important part of the

diet.

Fatty Alcohols

Thick to semi-thick syrup-like

liquids. Give high emolliency.

Can be natural or man-made.

Sometimes used in hair and

skin-conditioners, creams,

lotions, and conditioning

shampoos.

FDA

The US Food and Drug

Administration. The federal

agency responsible for

managing the safety and

strength of all foods and

drugs, and cosmetics sold in

the US.

FD&C

Synthetic colours made from

coal tar. Contain heavy metal

salts that deposit toxins onto

the skin, causing skin

sensitivity and irritation.

Animal studies have shown

almost all of them to be

carcinogenic. Their

absorption can cause

depletion of oxygen in the

body and even death.

(Consumer's Dictionary of

Cosmetic Ingredients).

When preceded by the

name of a colour, the Food

and Drug Administration

has certified the colouring

safe for use in food, drugs,

and cosmetics.

Ferrous sulphate

An antiseptic, flavouring

used in hair dye, cosmetics,

foods, treatment of anaemia.

Gastrointestinal, liver,

kidney, cardiovascular and

neurotoxicity, teratogenic,

carcinogenic?

MSDS:

Potential Health Effects

Eye: May cause mild eye

irritation.

Skin: May cause skin

irritation.

Ingestion: May cause

digestive tract

disturbances.

Inhalation: May cause

respiratory tract irritation.

Ficin

A meat tenderiser used in

cosmetics as a protein

digestant, to clot milk in

cheese. An enzyme from in

the latex of tropical trees,

may be GM. Skin, eye and

mucous membrane irritant.

Flacon

A small bottle with a stopper

used to hold perfume,

usually a decorative or

collectible item.

Fluid Ounces

Unit of volume in the U.S.

system of weights and

measures. Used to measure

liquid, one fluid ounce is

equal to 29.57 millilitres.

Fluorescein

A colouring used in indelible

lipstick, nail polish, dying

wool, silk and paper. Lip

inflammation,

photosensitivity, respiratory

and gastrointestinal

symptoms. The toxicological

properties of this material

have not been investigated.

Use appropriate procedures

to prevent opportunities for

direct contact with the skin

or eyes and to prevent

inhalation.

Fluoride

Fluoride is toxic. It is

however used in toothpaste

as an antienzyme ingredient

to slow down tooth decay. It

is added to the water supply

in some states and sites.

Researchers linked it to

cancer years ago. No one is

listening. Fluoridated

toothpaste is especially

dangerous to young children

who tend to swallow it after

brushing their teeth.

Supposed to stop tooth

decay. Scientists are now

linking fluoride to, arthritis,

allergic reactions, can lead to

Crohn's disease,

hypothyroidism,

osteoporosis, carpal tunnel

syndrome, impaired brain

function, birth defects, hip

fractures, stress fractures,

liver, kidney, musculoskeletal

and neurotoxicity, dental

and skeletal fluorosis,

teratogenic, carcinogenic. A

toxic manufacturing by-

product. Overt Carcinogen.

Dr. Epstein states, "There

have been several studies

incriminating fluoride in

bone cancer. The

important point about this

is that the public have been

given no information on

this and fluoride in

toothpaste is particularly

dangerous because kids

swallow a significant

amount of the fluoride,

especially when toothpaste

contains saccharin as many

toothpastes do."

http://www.nofluoride.com

Fluorocarbons

Can produce mild upper

respiratory tract irritation. A

colourless, non-flammable

gas or liquid commonly used

as a propellant in hairspray.

Formaldehyde

Is a known carcinogen

(causes cancer). Due to it's

bad name it is sometimes

hidden under the name

DMDM hydantoin or MDM

hydantoin. Its trade-name is

Formalin. Released by

imidazolidinyl urea. Causes

dermatitis, and ingestion can

cause severe abdominal

pain, internal bleeding,

vertigo, coma, and a loss of

ability to urinate. It is very

toxic when inhaled, a severe

skin irritant, and a suspected

carcinogen that is linked to

cancer. Its use in cosmetics is

banned in Japan and

Sweden. The vapour is

extremely irritating to the

eyes, nose and throat

(mucous membranes).

Colourless, harsh, irritating

substance that is found in

many preservatives. It is

severely toxic when inhaled

or swallowed. 44% of all

people whose skin is

exposed to it get an irritating

reaction. It is used in

shampoos at concentrations

of .1% to .2%. Methanol is

sometimes added to

formaldehyde at a 15%

concentration to prevent

polymerisation.

MSDS: Limited evidence

of a carcinogenic effect.

May cause sensitisation by

skin contact. Possible risks

of irreversible effects.

Potential Health Effects

Eye: Causes eye irritation.

May result in corneal

injury.

Skin: Causes skin

irritation. Harmful if

absorbed through the skin.

May cause skin

sensitisation, an allergic

reaction, which becomes

evident upon re-exposure

to this material.

Ingestion: Causes

gastrointestinal irritation

with nausea, vomiting and

diarrhoea. May be harmful

if swallowed.

Inhalation: Harmful if

inhaled. Causes respiratory

tract irritation. May cause

allergic respiratory

reaction.

Chronic: May cause

cancer according to animal

studies.

Formalin

Used in vaccines to initiate

antibody formation. In the

body, the Formalin coating

around the injected material

dissolves, releasing all

bacterial and viral particles

from animal culture sources.

Substances such as these

adjuvant chemicals irritate

body tissues and increase

the action of accompanying

bacteria and viruses, as well

as the reaction of the

immune system to the

foreign protein antigens.

However, it potentially

damages neurological

membranes where the

myelin sheath has only

partially protected the

nervous system. This can

result in mild to severe

neurological damage, leading

to learning disabilities and

other nervous system

disorders, or death,

especially upon subsequent

injections, since body has

already been sensitised,

promoting allergic reactions

of increasingly severe

nature.

Formalin is a derivative of

formaldehyde. Formalin is a

mixture of 37-40 percent

formaldehyde, water, and

usually 10 percent methanol.

It is often used as a working

solution for tissue fixation, or

as a preservative holding

solution for fixed tissues or

organ specimens in

pathological laboratories. It

is also used to inactivate

bacterial products for toxoid

vaccines. It will also kill

unwanted viruses that might

be found in the culture as

well as serve as an

embalming agent.

Formaldehyde is a

neurotoxin and carcinogen It

effects the nervous system

and known to cause cancer.

It may cause insomnia,

coughing, headaches,

nausea, nosebleeds, and skin

rashes.

Fragrance

Sweet pleasing odour used

to enhance products of all

kinds, especially in the

beauty industry. May be

used in differing

concentrations for various

products.

Fragrance on a label can

indicate the presence of up

to five thousand separate

ingredients, many toxic or

carcinogenic. Symptoms

reported to the USA FDA

include headaches,

dizziness, allergic rashes,

skin discoloration, violent

coughing and vomiting,

and skin irritation. Clinical

observation proves

fragrances can affect the

central nervous system,

causing depression,

hyperactivity, and

irritability to cope and

other behavioural changes.

Unfortunately, the

ingredients of 'fragrance'

do not have to be

disclosed, so we cannot

assess their effects. Many

of the compounds are

carcinogenic or otherwise

toxic. CLICK LINK ON

LEFT

In general those products

which use natural

fragrances tend to disclose

the actual fragrance.

Fragrance-Free

No added fragrances; just

the natural aroma of the

ingredients.

Fragrance Oil

A concentrated product used

in the creation of perfume,

cologne or toilet water.

Free Radical

Circulating substances in the

body that could cause a

breakdown of the immune

system and lead to disease

processes or infection.

Free Radicals

Unstable or chemically

incomplete molecules which

can be formed within skin as

a result of sun, pollution and

stress. These molecules may

"steal" particles from other

molecules thus creating

more unstable compounds

and setting off a chain

reaction that can damage

cells. Anti-oxidants such as

Vitamins C and E fight free

radical action that can

weaken epidermal support,

resulting in wrinkling of skin,

dryness, loss of skin elasticity

and premature aging.

Fruit Acids

Found in various fruits and

herbs. They are used in

masks and moisturizers for

their ability to moisturize

and exfoliate the skin. Fruit

acids are used in

concentrations as low as

.25% and as high as 8%. The

higher concentrations

increase the "heat" of the

product and the peeling

action. It can also cause skin

irritation in some people.

Full Bodied A rich-scented fragrance.

2010-01

Cosmetic Ingredients

Reference Guide &

Dictionary Understanding Labels, Descriptions,

Warnings, and Safety

Home Page

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

It’s a strange law that compels children to be

vaccinated in order to attend school, and then

disables them so they cannot attend ?anything.

Name Information

G

Gamma Linolenic Acid

A fatty acid.

Found in evening

primrose oil,

black currant

seeds, borage oil,

and mother's

milk.

Gelatin/e

Refined protein

from animal

origin. Used as a

thickener and

film-forming

agent. People

with severe

allergies to

gelatine should

consider skin

testing prior to

receiving a

gelatine-

containing

vaccine. The

problem is that

most gelatine's in

foods come from

boiled cows,

while the gelatine

used in vaccines is

from boiled pigs.

Geraniol and geranyl compounds

A additive,

flavouring in

perfume,

shampoo,

cosmetics,

chewing gum,

cigarettes.

Allergic reactions,

contact

dermatitis, toxic if

ingested.

Geranium Oil

A botanical

additive. An

effective anti-

inflammatory,

antiseptic and

astringent derived

from the aromatic

plant. For use on

acne and oily skin,

tooth powder,

dusting powder,

perfume,

ointments.

Contact

dermatitis and

skin irritation in

some people,

ingestion can be

fatal.

Ginger Oil

Revered in Asia

since the earliest

of times, ginger

acts as an

antiseptic and

stimulant.

Gingko Biloba Oil

Gingko, thought

to be the oldest

tree on the

planet, has long

been used in

Chinese medicine.

Used for its anti-

inflammatory and

antiallergenic

properties.

Glutaral

A preservative,

germicide. See

Glutaraldehyde.

Glutaraldehyde

A preservative,

germicide used

in antiperspirant,

hair spay,

deodorant,

setting lotion,

waterless hand

soaps, food

flavouring,

disinfectant

used in hospitals

and dentistry.

Contact allergic

reactions,

contact

dermatitis,

immuno,

developmental,

reproductive,

skin and

respiratory

toxicity, nausea,

headache,

aches and

pains,

palpitations,

mood swings,

asthma,

teratogenic, very

toxic to aquatic

organisms.

MSDS: Harmful

in contact with

skin. Toxic if

swallowed.

Irritating to

eyes, respiratory

system and skin.

May cause

sensitisation by

skin contact.

Potential

Health Effects

Eye: May cause

severe eye

irritation. May

result in corneal

injury.

Skin: May cause

skin

sensitisation, an

allergic reaction,

which becomes

evident upon re-

exposure to this

material. May be

absorbed

through the skin.

May cause

dermatitis.

Ingestion: May

cause irritation

of the digestive

tract. May cause

haemorrhaging

of the digestive

tract. May cause

corrosion and

permanent tissue

destruction of

the esophageus

and digestive

tract.

Inhalation: May

cause respiratory

tract irritation.

May cause

asthmatic

attacks due to

allergic

sensitisation of

the respiratory

tract. May cause

liver

abnormalities.

Chronic:

Prolonged or

repeated

exposure may

cause adverse

reproductive

effects.

Repeated

exposure may

cause

sensitisation

dermatitis.

Repeated

exposure may

cause allergic

respiratory

reaction

(asthma).

Glycereth

A polyethylene

glycol ether of

glycerine. It is an

artificial form of

glycerine.

Glycerin, Glycerine, Glycerol

Sweet, syrupy

alcohol that can

be produced

artificially from

propylene alcohol

or naturally

derived from

vegetable oils.

Used in cosmetics

for thousands of

years as a solvent,

plasticizer,

humectant,

emollient, and

lubricant. A

concern is

clogging of pores

when present in

high

concentrations.

Glyceryl Coconate, Dilaurate,

Erucate, Hydroxystearate,

Monostearate, Ricinoleate,

Sesquioleate, , Trimyristate, etc.

Largely artificial

chemicals with a

drop or two of

some natural

fatty acid. Used as

a texturiser in

pasta products

and as a

opacifying agent

in shampoos,

lotions, and

creams.

Glyceryl distearate An emulsifier,

emollient in skin

freshener,

mascara,

shampoo, cuticle

softeners.

Glyceryl myristate

An emulsifier,

stabiliser used in

baby cream, face

mask, hand

lotion. May cause

contact

dermatitis, may

promote acne.

Glyceryl Oleate

An emulsifier,

emollient used

in cosmetic

creams and

lotions. May

cause contact

dermatitis and

skin allergies.

Glyceryl PABA A UV absorber in

sunscreens. May

cause contact

dermatitis and

skin allergies.

Glyceryl Stearate

An emulsifier,

emollient used

in makeup,

cuticle

softeners. May

cause skin

allergies,

contact

dermatitis.

Glyceryl thioglycolate

A depilatory

agent, reducing

agent used in

permanent wave

solutions,

depilatories.

Contact

dermatitis,

thioglycolate can

cause hair

breakages, skin

irritations, severe

allergic reactions.

MSDS:

POTENTIAL

HEALTH

EFFECTS:

EYE: This

material causes

severe eye

irritation which

may result in

permanent eye

injury.

SKIN: Possible

skin irritant. Can

cause

sensitisation or

dermatitis upon

prolonged

contact with

unprotected and

stressed skin.

Neutralizers can

result in

defatting and

drying of the

skin.

INHALATION:

Repeated or

prolonged

inhalation may

be harmful.

INGESTION:

This material is

toxic and is

harmful if

swallowed

Glycine

Amino acid vital

to collagen

composition and

production.

Glycogen

Building block of

sugar, acts as a

conditioner.

Glycol Stearate Thickening agent

helps give

products a

luminescent or

opalescent

appearance.

Glycolic Acid

An alpha hydroxy

acid helpful for

acne-prone skin,

resolves dry skin

conditions; used

in chemical peels

as well as to help

reduce the

appearance of

pores and

wrinkles;

exfoliates excess

flaking or crusty

skin. It may

irritate mucous

membranes and

cause allergic

reactions.

Compound

descriptor:

Tumorigenic,

Reproductive

Effector, Primary

Irritant

MSDS: Harmful

if swallowed.

Causes burns.

Corrosive.

Potential

Health Effects

Eye: Causes eye

burns.

Skin: Causes

skin burns.

Ingestion: May

cause severe and

permanent

damage to the

digestive tract.

Causes

gastrointestinal

tract burns. May

be harmful if

swallowed.

Inhalation:

Causes chemical

burns to the

respiratory tract.

Grapefruit Oil

A natural

bactericide,

preserver and

stabilizer. Both a

tonic and

astringent.

Grape Seed Extract

A botanical

extract shown to

be an effective

antioxidant.

2010-01

Cosmetic Ingredients

Reference Guide &

Dictionary Understanding Labels, Descriptions,

Warnings, and Safety

Home Page

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

..discussing vaccination with a doctor is like

discussing vegetarianism with a butcher...........

George Bernard Shaw

Name Information

H

Health The state of physical

and mental well-

being, free from

disease.

Hectorite

An absorbent,

antistatic agent

used in hair

bleaches, eye liners,

foundations,

pesticides.

Considered safe in

cosmetic use, dust

can cause lung

irritation.

Hedera helex

A botanical toning

agent used in bath

products, face and

hand creams. Can

cause severe skin

rashes, blistering,

itching, contact

dermatitis.

Heliotropin (piperonal, purple An additive,

diazo dye) flavouring used in

perfumes, soap,

cherry and vanilla

flavouring. Allergic

skin reactions, skin

irritation, central

nervous system

depression on

ingestion of large

amounts.

Hemp Seed Oil

A natural source of

essential fatty acids

vital in preventing

cell loss, regulating

skin's moisture

barrier and

maintaining

elasticity. This oil

absorbs directly into

the skin and

provides important

amino acids, linoleic

acid, protein and

highly prized Omega

oils. Skin visibly

responds to this rich

nourishment.

Henna

Used as hair dye,

conditioner and

rinse. One of the

safest hair dyes,

may cause allergic

skin rash, avoid use

near eyes.

Herb

Particularly used in

medicine,

cosmetics, or foods.

A plant without

woody tissue that

withers and dies

after flowering.

Herbal The fragrance blend

from the

herbaceous family

of plant life. This is a

fresh scent that can

be used successfully

in shampoos and

body products.

Herbalist

Person who is in the

business of

cultivating and

processing herbs for

use in industry, both

beauty and health.

Hexachlorophene

A preservative used

in antiperspirants,

deodorants, baby

oils, shampoos,

toothpaste, cold

cream, baby

powder, fruit

washing,

detergents, animal

products.

MSDS

(International

Programme on

Chemical Safety

and the European

Commission):

AVOID ALL

CONTACT!

AVOID

EXPOSURE OF

PREGNANT

WOMEN!

AVOID

EXPOSURE OF

ADOLESCENTS

AND

CHILDREN!

Ingestion: Fever.

Tremors. Absence

of light reflex.

Abdominal

cramps.

Convulsions.

Diarrhoea.

Drowsiness.

Nausea. Shock or

collapse.

Vomiting.

Weakness.

Effects of short-

term exposure:

The substance may

cause effects on

the central nervous

system, resulting

in convulsions,

respiratory failure.

Effects of long-

term or repeated

exposure: Repeated or

prolonged contact

with skin may

cause dermatitis,

skin

sensitisation, may

cause asthma,

effects on the

nervous system,

resulting in tissue

lesions, blindness.

Animal tests show

that this substance

possibly causes

malformations in

human babies.

Hexylene glycol

A solvent, viscosity

controlling agent

used in cosmetics,

pesticides. Contact

dermatitis, eye,

skin, and mucous

membrane

irritation,

gastrointestinal,

liver, neuro and

respiratory toxicity.

MSDS:

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: Causes eye

irritation. Vapours

may cause eye

irritation.

Skin: Causes skin

irritation.

Ingestion: May

cause

gastrointestinal

irritation with

nausea, vomiting

and diarrhoea.

Inhalation: May

cause irritation of

the respiratory

tract with burning

pain in the nose

and throat,

coughing,

wheezing,

shortness of breath

and pulmonary

oedema.

Hexylresorcinol

An antioxidant,

antiseptic in

mouthwash,

sunburn creams,

anti-worming

medicine,

antiseptic.

Homeopathy

The practice of

natural medicine,

using herbal

substances rather

than conventional

medications.

Homosalate

A UV absorber.

Artificial chemical

that is used to

replace the phenolic

compounds that are

used in sunscreens.

Possible endocrine

disruptor, possible

poisoning through

skin absorption.

Humectant

Used to retain

moisture. Using a

natural humectant

in a cosmetic

product helps speed

miniaturization to

the skin.

Hyaluronic Acid

A humectant,

antistatic agent in

skin moisturisers,

eye creams, hair

conditioners, oral

supplements. Lately

referred to as a

Hyaluronan can

hold 1000 times its

own weight in

water; also helps to

draw in active

ingredients deeper

into the skin. It is

the body's natural

lubricant and part of

the natural

moisturizing factor.

Hydantoin DMDM Used in the

synthesis of

lubricants and

resins, and is

derived from

methanol. Causes

dermatitis. Acts as a

preservative and

may release

formaldehyde and is

a suspected

carcinogen. Rats

develop cancer

when injected with

this chemical.

Hydrate

As a noun, this

means a compound

formed by the union

of water with

another substance.

As a verb, it means

to supply water to

something that

absorbs it.

Hydrazine

A reducing agent

used in cosmetics.

Toxic if inhaled,

ingested or

absorbed through

the skin, kidney,

liver, cardiovascular,

immuno and

neurotoxicity,

carcinogenic,

teratogenic, very

toxic to aquatic

organisms.

MSDS:

Acute Health

Effects: May be

fatal if inhaled,

swallowed, or

absorbed through

skin. Material is

extremely

destructive to

tissue of the

mucous

membranes and

upper respiratory

tract, eyes and

skin. Inhalation

may be fatal as a

result of spasm,

inflammation and

oedema of the

larynx and

bronchi, chemical

pneumonitis and

pulmonary

oedema.

Symptoms of

exposure may

include burning

sensation,

coughing,

wheezing,

laryngitis, and

shortness of

breath, headache,

nausea and

vomiting. May

cause allergic

reaction. Can

cause CNS

depression. May

cause convulsions.

EXPOSURE

CAN CAUSE:

Damage to the

eyes. Damage to

the liver. Damage

to the kidneys.

Damage to the

lungs. Blood

effects.

INHALATION:

Inhalation may

irritate the

respiratory tract.

Symptoms may

include coughing,

shortness of

breath, sore throat

and runny nose. If

sufficient amounts

are inhaled and

absorbed,

symptoms may

resemble those in

acute ingestion.

SKIN

CONTACT: Skin

contact may cause

irritation with

symptoms of

redness, swelling,

itching and pain.

EYE CONTACT:

Eye contact may

cause irritation

with symptoms of

redness, swelling,

itching, tearing

and pain.

INGESTION:

Ingestion may

cause

gastroenteritis

(inflammation of

the lining

membrane of the

stomach and

intestines) with

abdominal pain,

nausea, vomiting

and diarrhoea.

Systemic effects

may follow and

may include

ringing of the ears,

dizziness, elevated

blood pressure,

blurred vision and

tremors

Hydrocortisone

A hormone from the

adrenal gland.

Synthesized for

medical use,

particularly for

application to

inflamed skin. It can

adversely affect the

skin by damaging

the collagen of the

connective tissues.

Hydrogen peroxide

A preservative,

oxidising agent in

mouthwash, skin

bleach, toothpaste,

cold cream, hair

bleach, cheddar and

Swiss cheese,

medicinal antiseptic

and germicide.

Generally

recognised as safe

in cosmetics,

corrosive to the

skin, eyes and

respiratory tract

when undiluted,

may cause allergic

reactions.

MSDS:

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: Contact with

liquid is corrosive

to the eyes and

causes severe

burns.

Skin: Contact with

liquid is corrosive

and causes severe

burns and

ulceration.

Ingestion: Causes

gastrointestinal

tract burns. May

cause vascular

collapse and

damage.

Inhalation: May

cause severe

irritation of the

respiratory tract

with sore throat,

coughing,

shortness of breath

and delayed lung

oedema.

Chronic:

Prolonged or

repeated skin

contact may cause

dermatitis.

Hydrolysed Protein

A flavouring, flavour

enhancer in

cosmetics, shampoo

and hair treatments,

animal feed.

Improves hair,

repairs spilt ends,

and gives lustre to

the hair. See

Nitrosating agents.

Contains MSG (621).

Hydrolysed vegetable protein

A flavour enhancer,

antistatic agent in

hair care products,

canned tuna, soup,

sauces, packet

meals. Contains 10-

30% MSG (621),

may be GM.

Concerns associated

with HVP include

decreased body

weight, organ

atrophy,

behavioural

overactivity and

bladder and bowel

incontinence.

Hydrophilic

Cosmetic ingredient

that will attract

moisture to the

skin.

Hydroquinone

An antioxidant,

bleaching agent in

freckle creams,

suntan lotion, hair

colouring,

pesticides. Skin

pigment lightening

agent.

MSDS:

DANGER! MAY

BE FATAL IF

SWALLOWED.

AFFECTS

CENTRAL

NERVOUS

SYSTEM.

CAUSES

SEVERE SKIN

AND EYE

IRRITATION.

HARMFUL IF

INHALED. MAY

CAUSE

ALLERGIC SKIN

REACTION.

CAUSES

IRRITATION TO

RESPIRATORY

TRACT.

Potential Health

Effects

Inhalation:

Causes irritation to

the respiratory

tract. Symptoms

may include

coughing,

shortness of

breath. Systemic

effects have not

been proven by

this route.

Ingestion: Highly

Toxic. May cause

hyperactivity,

stupor, fall in

blood pressure,

hyperpnea,

abdominal pain,

diarrhoea, intense

thirst, sweating,

tinnitus, nausea,

dizziness, a

sensation of

suffocation, an

increased rate of

respiration,

vomiting, pallor,

muscular

twitching,

headache,

cyanosis, delirium,

and collapse (from

respiratory

failure). Estimated

lethal dose lies

between 5 to 12

grams (usually

because of

respiratory failure

from

methemoglobin

formation which

leaves the blood

unable to carry

oxygen). May

cause green to

brownish-green

urine.

Skin Contact:

Causes severe

irritation, redness

and pain. Alkaline

solutions can

cause skin

sensitisation.

Eye Contact:

Causes severe

irritation and

possible corneal

ulceration.

Chronic

Exposure:

Repeated exposure

to vapour or dust

(typically 10 to 30

mg/m3) for > 5

years has caused

brownish staining

of the conjunctiva

which may be

followed by

changes to the

cornea leading to

loss of visual

acuity. Repeated

exposure may also

cause skin effects.

Aggravation of

Pre-existing

Conditions:

Persons with pre-

existing skin or

eye disorders or

impaired

respiratory

function may be

more susceptible

to the effects of

this substance.

p-Hydroxyanisole

An antioxidant

found in hair

colouring products

(particularly

permanent hair

colours), lipsticks,

antiseptic. Affects

the female

reproductive

system. Increase the

risk of cancer,

particularly non-

Hodgkin's

lymphoma, multiple

myeloma &

Hodgkin's disease &

increase the risk of

breast cancer.

Compound

descriptor:

Mutagen, Primary

Irritant.

MSDS: Harmful if

swallowed.

Irritating to eyes.

May cause

sensitisation by

skin contact.

Hygroscopic

(absorbs moisture

from the air).

Potential Health

Effects

Eye: Causes eye

irritation. May

result in corneal

injury. May cause

eye injury. Causes

redness and pain.

Skin: Harmful if

absorbed through

the skin. May be

absorbed through

damaged or

abraded skin in

harmful amounts.

May cause

reddening of the

skin. If absorbed,