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SEKOLAH SAINS SULTAN HAJI AHMAD SHAH
PEKAN
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
PROJECT WORK 2013
NAME : MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AFIF BIN SAKRI
CLASS : 5 JASA
TEACHER : SIR HAMDAN BIN ALANG
I/C NUMBER :
Index Number In OurDaily Life
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OBJECTIVE
We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while
we are in Form 5. This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education
has prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our
area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of us are
expected to submit an individually written report . Upon completion of the Additional
Mathematics Project Work, we are to gain valuable experiences and able to :
apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine
problems
experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting, meaningful andhence improve our thinking skills
experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningfulways in solving real-life problems
experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking,reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected
experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective learning acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and to use the
language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely
enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving inways that increases interest and confidence
prepare for the demands of our future undertakings and in workplace realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems
and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics
train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to cooperate,and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment
use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more
creative and innovative
realise the importance and the beauty of mathematics
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FOREWARD
First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to
do this project work. Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money to
buy anything that are related to this project work, computer, internet, books and also their
advice. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task that I will not
procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank my teacher, Sir Hamdan bin Alang for
guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this
task, but he taught us patiently until we knew what to do. Last but not least, my friends who
were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we
combined and discussed together, we had this task done.
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CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGES
OBJECTIVE 2
FOREWARD 3
INTRODUCTION 5
PART 1 6 - 13
PART 2 14 - 17
PART 3 18 - 19
FURTHER EXPLORATION 20 - 27
REFLECTION 28
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INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF INDEX NUMBERIndex numbers are meant to study the change in the effects of such factors which
cannot be measured directly. According to Bowley, Index numbers are used to measure thechanges in some quantity which we cannot observe directly. For example, changes in
business activity in a country are not capable of direct measurement but it is possible to study
relative changes in business activity by studying the variations in the values of some such
factors which affect business activity, and which are capable of direct measurement.
Index numbers are commonly used statistical device for measuring the combined
fluctuations in a group related variables. If we wish to compare the price level of consumer
items today with that prevalent ten years ago, we are not interested in comparing the prices ofonly one item, but in comparing some sort of average price levels. We may wish to
compare the present agricultural production or industrial production with that at the time of
independence. Here again, we have to consider all items of production and each item may
have undergone a different fractional increase (or even a decrease). How do we obtain a
composite measure? This composite measure is provided by index numbers which may be
defined as a device for combining the variations that have come in group of related variables
over a period of time, with a view to obtain a figure that represents the net result of thechange in the constitute variables.
Index numbers may be classified in terms of the variables that they are intended to
measure. In business, different groups of variables in the measurement of which indexnumber techniques are commonly used are (i) price, (ii) quantity, (iii) value and (iv) business
activity. Thus, we have index of wholesale prices, index of consumer prices, index of
industrial output, index of value of exports and index of business activity, etc. Here we shall
be mainly interested in index numbers of prices showing changes with respect to time,
although methods described can be applied to other cases. In general, the present level of
prices is compared with the level of prices in the past. Thepresent period is called the current
period and some period in the past is called the base period.
Index Numbers :
Index numbers are statistical measures designed to show changes in a variable or group of
related variables with respect to time, geographic location or other characteristics such as
income, profession, etc. A collection of index numbers for different years, locations, etc., is
sometimes called an index series.
Simple Index Number :
A simple index number is a number that measures a relative change in a single variable
with respect to a base.
Composite Index Number :
A composite index number is a number that measures an average relative changes in a
group of relative variables with respect to a base.
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PART 1The prices of goods sold in shops vary from one shop to another. Shoppers tend to
buy goods which are reasonably priced, giving value for their money.
You are required to carry out a survey on three different items based on the following
categories : food , detergent and stationary. The survey should be done in three
different shops.
(a) Collect pictures, newspapers cuttings or photos on items that you have chosen.Design a collage to illustrate the chosen items.
FOODS :
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DETERGENT :
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STATIONARY :
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(b) Record the items and their prices systematically as in Table 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c).Since items may be differently packed, be sure to use consistent measurements
for each item selected so that comparison can be done easily and accurately.
Category Item Price (RM)
Tunas Manja Mydin Giant
Food 1.Sugar (1 kg) 2.30 2.50 2.802.Flour (1 kg) 1.30 1.50 1.703.Butter (250 g) 4.20 4.40 4.70Total Price 7.80 8.40 9.20
Table 1(a)
Category Item Price (RM)
Tunas Manja Mydin Giant
Detergent 1.Soap (3 bars) 3.20 3.40 3.602.Liquid detergent
(5 kg)
28.90 29.10 29.50
3.Powder detergent(2.5 kg)
14.70 14.50 15.00
Total Price 46.80 47.00 48.10
Table 1(b)
Category Item Price (RM)
Tunas Manja Mydin Giant
Stationary 1.Pencil (1 dozen) 8.50 8.90 9.402.Coloured pen (1 set) 14.50 15.20 16.003.Eraser 0.40 0.50 0.80
Total Price 23.40 24.60 26.20
Table 1(c)
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(c)Create at least two suitable graphical representations (the use of ICT isencouraged) to compare and contrast the prices of each category.
BAR CHART
1) Food
2) Detergent
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Tunas Manja Mydin Giant
Sugar
Flour
Butter
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Tunas Manja Mydin Giant
Soap
Liquid detergent
Powder detergent
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3) Stationary
PIE CHART
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Tunas Manja Mydin Giant
Pencil (1 dozen)
Coloured pen
Eraser
Food
Tunas manja
Mydin
Giant
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Detergent
Tunas ManjaMydin
Giant
Stationary
Tunas Manja
Mydin
Giant
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PART 2Every year, Shah Pekan organizes a carnival to raise fund for school improvement
projects. This year the school plans to install CCTV in order to enhance its security.
Last year, during the carnival, my class made and sold nasi lemak. Due to the
popularity of this local food, my class has decided to carry out the same project for
this years carnival.
(a) Complete Table 2 with the prices of the given items for the year 2013Items
(For 10 packets of Nasi Lemak) QuantityPrice in the
year 2012
(RM)
Price in the
year 2013
(RM)
I
For the fl avoured rice :
Rice 1 kg 2.70 2.80
Santan 150 g 1.40 1.50
Onion 10 g 0.15 0.15
Ginger 10 g 0.15 0.15
Salt 2 g 0.05 0.06
II
For the Sambal :
Red onion 10 g 0.05 0.05
Garlic 5 g 0.04 0.04Dried chillies 100 g 1.00 1.10
Ikan bilis 200 g 2.00 2.10
Cooking oil 100 g 0.25 0.27
III
Miscel laneous :
Fried groundnuts 200 g 0.50 0.60
Fried crispy ikan bilis 150 g 1.50 1.60
Cucumber 200 g 0.20 0.20
5 eggs 300 g 1.50 1.60
Banana leaves (1 bundle) 300 g 1.00 1.00
Table 2
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(b) Calculate the price index for each of the items in Table 2 for the year 2013 basedon the year 2012.
Items
(For 10 packets of Nasi
Lemak)
QuantityPrice in
the year
2012
(RM)
Price in
the year
2013
(RM)
Price index for
the year 2013
based on the
year 2012 (I)
I
For the fl avoured rice :
Rice 1 kg 2.70 2.80 103.70
Santan 150 g 1.40 1.50 107.14
Onion 10 g 0.15 0.15 100
Ginger 10 g 0.15 0.15 100
Salt 2 g 0.05 0.06 120
II
For the Sambal :
Red onion 10 g 0.05 0.05 100
Garlic 5 g 0.04 0.04 100
Dried chillies 100 g 1.00 1.10 110
Ikan bilis 200 g 2.00 2.10 105
Cooking oil 100 g 0.25 0.27 108
III
Miscel laneous :
Fried groundnuts 200 g 0.50 0.60 120
Fried crispy ikan bilis 150 g 1.50 1.60 106.67
Cucumber 200 g 0.20 0.20 1005 eggs 300 g 1.50 1.60 106.67
Banana leaves (1 bundle) 300 g 1.00 1.00 100
Price Index, I =
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(c) Calculate the composite index for the cost of a packet of nasi lemak in the year2013 based on the year 2012. Discuss how you obtained your answer.
Items
(For 10 packets of Nasi
Lemak)
QuantityPrice index for
the year 2013
based on the
year 2012 (I)
Weightage
(W)IiWi
I
For the flavoured ri ce :
Rice 1 kg 103.70 1.0 103.70
Santan 150 g 107.14 0.15 16.071
Onion 10 g 100 0.01 1
Ginger 10 g 100 0.01 1
Salt 2 g 120 0.002 0.24
II
For the Sambal :
Red onion 10 g 100 0.01 1
Garlic 5 g 100 0.005 0.5
Dried chillies 100 g 110 0.1 11
Ikan bilis 200 g 105 0.2 21
Cooking oil 100 g 108 0.1 10.8
III
Miscellaneous :
Fried groundnuts 200 g 120 0.2 24
Fried crispy ikan bilis 150 g 106.67 0.15 16.0005
Cucumber 200 g 100 0.2 20
5 eggs 300 g 106.67 0.3 32.001
Banana leaves (1 bundle) 300 g 100 0.3 30
2.737 288.3125
= = 105.34
=
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(d) In the year 2012, the nasi lemak was sold at RM2.00 each. Suggest a suitableselling price for a packet of the nasi lemak in the year 2013. Give reasons for your
answer.
On 2012: RM2.00
On 2013:
x = RM2.10
Thus, the suitable selling price for a packet of the nasi lemak in the year 2013 is RM2.10.
The increase in price is also suitable because of the rise in the price of the ingredients.
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PART 3
In order to upgrade the security, my school has decided to install closed-circuit TV
(CCTV).
a)Suggest a suitable number of cameras to be installed and their placement. Giveyour reasons. Illustrate with a plan.
I suggest 4 cameras to be installed at my school. The cameras will be installed at the staff
rooms and the office. This action will be done to avoid any robbery case from happen.
STAFF ROOM OFFICE
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b)Find out the cost of installation of the CCTV.A set of CCTV with 4 cameras : RM2100
c)If your class intends to sponsor 10% of the cost, how many packets of nasi lemakmust your class sell?10% X RM2100 = RM210
Cost for a packet of nasi lemak = RM13.22
10
= RM1.40
Selling price = RM2.10
Profit = RM2.10RM1.40
= RM0.70
Packets of nasi lemak must be sell = RM210
RM0.70
= 300 packets
d)Can your class achieve the 10% target? Do you think your class should carry out adifferent project instead?Yes because many visitors from Pekan will come and visit our school during the carnival.
This phenomenon will increase the selling of our nasi lemak. Last year, we had sold about
400 packets of nasi lemak. So, this year our target is 600 packets of nasi lemak will be
sold. From the selling, we can sponsor 10% for the cost of installation of the CCTV and
we will get profit of about RM210. I think my class should not carry out different project
as we can get a lot of profit from the selling of nasi lemak. We need to focus on selling
nasi lemak only so we can achieve our target. Great efforts will led to great outcomes.
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FURTHER EXPLORATION
Index numbers are being used in many different daily situations, for example, air
pollution index, stock market index, gold index and property index.
Obtain information from the internet or other reliable sources on the importance
of two different types of index numbers of your choice. Elaborate the use and the
importance of these index numbers in daily life situations.
1.AIR QUALITY INDEX
An air quality index (AQI) is a number used by government agencies to communicate to
the public how polluted the air is currently or how polluted it is forecast to become. As the
AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience
increasingly severe adverse health effects. Different countries have their own air quality
indices which are not all consistent. Different countries also use different names for their
indices such as Air Quality Health Index, Air Pollution Index and Pollutant Standards
Index.
Definition and Usage :
Air quality is defined as a measure of the condition of air relative to the requirements of
one or more biotic species or to any human need or purpose. To compute the AQI requires
an air pollutant concentration from a monitor or model. The function used to convert from
air pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant, and is different in different
countries. Air quality index values are divided into ranges, and each range is assigned a
descriptor and a colour code. Standardized public health advisories are associated with
each AQI range.
The AQI can go up (meaning worse air quality) due to a lack of dilution of air
pollutants. Stagnant air, often caused by an anticyclone, temperature inversion, orlow wind speeds lets air pollution remain in a local area, leading to high concentrations of
pollutants and hazy conditions. An agency might encourage members of the public to take
public transportation or work from home when AQI levels are high.
Most air contaminants do not have an associated AQI. Many countries monitorground-
level ozone, particulates, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide and
calculate air quality indices for these pollutants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_inversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_inversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_agency7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)
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Indices by Location :
Hong Kong
The Air Pollution Index (API) levels for Hong Kong are related to the measured
concentrations of ambient respirable suspended particulate (RSP), sulphur dioxide (SO2),carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over a 24-hour period
based on the potential health effects of air pollutants.
An API level at or below 100 means that the pollutant levels are in the satisfactory
range over 24 hour period and pose no acute or immediate health effects. However, air
pollution consistently at "High" levels (API of 51 to 100) in a year may mean that the
annual Hong Kong "Air Quality Objectives" for protecting long-term health effects could
be violated. Therefore, chronic health effects may be observed if one is persistently
exposed to an API of 51 to 100 for a long time.
"Very High" levels (API in excess of 100) means that levels of one or more pollutant(s)is/are in the unhealthy range. The Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department
provides advice to the public regarding precautionary actions to take for such levels.
API Air Pollution
Level
Health Implications
025 Low None expected.
2650 Medium None expected for the general population.
51100 HighAcute health effects are not expected but chronic effects may
be observed if one is persistently exposed to such levels.
101200 Very High
People with existing heart or respiratory illnesses may notice
mild aggravation of their health conditions. Generally healthy
individuals may also notice some discomfort.
201500 Severe
People with existing heart or respiratory illnesses may
experience significant aggravation of their symptoms. There
may also be widespread symptoms in the healthy population
(e.g. eye irritation, wheezing, coughing, phlegm and sore
throats).
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Canada
Air quality in Canada has been reported for many years with provincial Air Quality
Indices (AQIs). Significantly, AQI values reflect air quality management objectives,
which are based on the lowest achievable emissions rate, and not exclusively concern for
human health. The Air Quality Health Index or (AQHI) is a scale designed to helpunderstand the impact of air quality on health. It is a health protection tool used to make
decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during
increased levels of air pollution. The Air Quality Health Index also provides advice on
how to improve air quality by proposing behavioural change to reduce the environmental
footprint. This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution.
It provides them with advice on how to protect their health during air quality levels
associated with low, moderate, high and very high health risks.
The Air Quality Health Index provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level
of health risk associated with local air quality. On occasion, when the amount of air
pollution is abnormally high, the number may exceed 10. The AQHI provides a local airquality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight,
and tomorrow, and provides associated health advice.
Health
Risk
Air
Quality
Health
Index
Health Messages
At Risk population *General Population
Low 1-3 Enjoy your usual outdoor activities. Ideal air quality for outdoor activities
Moderate 4-6
Consider reducing or rescheduling
strenuous activities outdoors if you
are experiencing symptoms.
No need to modify your usual outdoor activities
unless you experience symptoms such as
coughing and throat irritation.
High 7-10
Reduce or reschedule strenuous
activities outdoors. Children and the
elderly should also take it easy.
Consider reducing or rescheduling strenuous
activities outdoors if you experience symptoms
such as coughing and throat irritation.
Very highAbove
10
Avoid strenuous activities outdoors.
Children and the elderly should also
avoid outdoor physical exertion.
Reduce or reschedule strenuous activities
outdoors, especially if you experience symptoms
such as coughing and throat irritation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Health_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Health_Index7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)
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Singapore
Singapore uses the Pollutant Standards Index to report on its air quality,with details of
the calculation similar but not identical to that used in Malaysia and Hong Kong. The PSI
chart below is grouped by index values and descriptors, according to the National
Environment Agency.
PSI Descriptor General Health Effects
050 None
51100 Moderate Few or none for the general population
101200 Unhealthy
Mild aggravation of symptoms among susceptible persons
i.e. those with underlying conditions such as chronic heart
or lung ailments; transient symptoms of irritation e.g. eye
irritation, sneezing or coughing in some of the healthy
population.
201300 Very Unhealthy
Moderate aggravation of symptoms and decreased
tolerance in persons with heart or lung disease; more
widespread symptoms of transient irritation in the healthy
population.
301400 Hazardous
Early onset of certain diseases in addition to significant
aggravation of symptoms in susceptible persons; and
decreased exercise tolerance in healthy persons.
Above 400 HazardousPSI levels above 400 may be life-threatening to ill andelderly persons. Healthy people may experience adverse
symptoms that affect normal activity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutant_Standards_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutant_Standards_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)
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2.BODY MASS INDEXThe body mass index (BMI), orQuetelet index, is a measure for human body shape
based on an individual's weight and height. It was devised between 1830 and 1850 by
the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the course of developing "social
physics". Body mass index is defined as the individual's body mass divided by the squareof their height. The formulae universally used in medicine produce a unit of measure of
kg/m2. BMI can also be determined using a BMI chart, which displays BMI as a function
of weight (horizontal axis) and height (vertical axis) using contour lines for different
values of BMI or colours for different BMI categories.
The factor for UK/US units is more precisely 703.06957964, but that level of precision
is not meaningful for this calculation. To work from stone and pounds first multiply the
stone by 14 then add the pounds to give the whole mass in pounds; to work from feet and
inches first multiply the feet by 12 then add the inches to give the whole height in inches.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)
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Usage :
While the formula previously called the Quetelet Index for BMI dates to the 19th
century, the new term "body mass index" for the ratio and its popularity date to a paper
published in the July edition of 1972 in theJournal of Chronic Diseases by Ancel Keys,
which found the BMI to be the best proxy for body fat percentage among ratios of weightand height; the interest in measuring body fat being due to obesity becoming a discernible
issue in prosperous Western societies. BMI was explicitly cited by Keys as being
appropriate forpopulation studies, and inappropriate for individual diagnosis.
Nevertheless, due to its simplicity, it came to be widely used for individual diagnosis,
despite its inappropriateness.
BMI provided a simple numeric measure of a person's thickness orthinness, allowing
health professionals to discuss overweight and underweight problems more objectively
with their patients. However, BMI has become controversial because many people,
including physicians, have come to rely on its apparent numerical authority for medical
diagnosis, but that was never the BMI's purpose; it is meant to be used as a simple meansof classifying sedentary (physically inactive) individuals, or rather, populations, with an
average body composition. For these individuals, the current value settings are as follows:
a BMI of 18.5 to 25 may indicate optimal weight; a BMI lower than 18.5 suggests the
person is underweight while a number above 25 may indicate the person is overweight; a
person may have a BMI below 18.5 due to disease; a number above 30 suggests the person
is obese (over 40, morbidly obese).
For a given height, BMI is proportional to mass. However, for a given mass, BMI is
inversely proportional to thesquare of the height. So, if all body dimensions double and
mass scales naturally with the cube of the height, then BMI doubles instead of remaining
the same. These results in taller people having a reported BMI that is uncharacteristicallyhigh compared to their actual body fat levels. In comparison, the Ponderal index is based
on this natural scaling of mass with the third power of the height. However, many taller
people are not just "scaled up" short people, but tend to have narrower frames in
proportion to their height.
BMI Prime :
BMI Prime, a simple modification of the BMI system, is the ratio of actual BMI to
upper limit BMI (currently defined at BMI 25). As defined, BMI Prime is also the ratio of
body weight to upper body weight limit, calculated at BMI 25. Since it is the ratio of twoseparate BMI values, BMI Prime is a dimensionless number, without associated units.
Individuals with BMI Prime less than 0.74 are underweight; those between 0.74 and 1.00
have optimal weight; and those at 1.00 or greater are overweight. BMI Prime is useful
clinically because individuals can tell, at a glance, by what percentage they deviate from
their upper weight limits. For instance, a person with BMI 34 has a BMI Prime of 34/25 =
1.36, and is 36% over his or her upper mass limit. In South East Asian populations (see
international variation section below) BMI Prime should be calculated using an upper
limit BMI of 23 in the denominator instead of 25. Nonetheless, BMI Prime allows easy
comparison between populations whose upper limit BMI values differ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancel_Keyshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderal_indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderal_indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancel_Keys7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)
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Categories :
A frequent use of the BMI is to assess how much an individual's body weight departs
from what is normal or desirable for a person of his or her height. The weight excess or
deficiency may, in part, be accounted for by body fat (adipose tissue) although other
factors such as muscularity also affect BMI significantly (see discussion belowand overweight). The WHO regards a BMI of less than 18.5 as underweight and may
indicate malnutrition, an eating disorder, or other health problems, while a BMI greater
than 25 is considered overweight and above 30 is considered obese. These ranges of BMI
values are valid only as statistical categories :
CategoryBMI range
kg/m2
BMI Prime
Very severely underweight less than 15 less than 0.60
Severely underweight from 15.0 to 16.0 from 0.60 to 0.64
Underweight from 16.0 to 18.5 from 0.64 to 0.74
Normal (healthy weight) from 18.5 to 25 from 0.74 to 1.0
Overweight from 25 to 30 from 1.0 to 1.2
Obese Class I (Moderately obese) from 30 to 35 from 1.2 to 1.4
Obese Class II (Severely obese) from 35 to 40 from 1.4 to 1.6
Obese Class III (Very severely obese) over 40 over 1.6
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutritionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutritionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissue7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)
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27 MILO
CONCLUSION :
After doing research, answering questions, drawing graphs and some problem solving,
I saw that the usage of index number is important in daily life. It is not just widely used inmarkets but also in interpreting the condition of the surrounding especially in conducting
an air-pollution survey. In conclusion, index number is a daily life necessity. Without it,
surveys cant be conducted, the BMI cant be calculate and many more. So, we should bethankful to the people who contribute in the idea of index number.
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REFLECTION
While I was conducting the project, I have learnt and practice a lot of moral values.
These are we should be patient when doing any work or project. This is to ensure our work
is completed by the time.
We also should be calm and cool down when any source that we are finding for is
missing. This sign that we are going to get a conclusion soon.
Furthermore, we should always smile when doing our works so that whatever work we
are doing can be done easily.
Besides that, we should relax and patient when our friends keep forcing us to finish theproject so that they can refer to our project when we had done. This act will make us more
motivated to complete the project.
Lastly, I would like to say :